There is never time to say our last word—the last word of our love, of our desire, faith, remorse, submission, revolt. Science is not a club, it is an ocean. Who can exhaust the sea? Who say to intellect, the deeps of philosophy are pre-occupied? The natural sciences are a typical achievement of the intellect, and they therefore reflect a limitation in the intellect’s functioning. What is scientific knowledge now may be scientific ignorance in some years more. This limitation emerges when the sciences form their conceptions of time and motion. In each case a static abstraction is produced. Time is conceived as what clocks measure in spatially discrete units. No mind is much employed upon the present; recollection and anticipation fill up almost all our moments. Motion is conceived as a succession of fixed positions on a linear path. Both abstractions are practically useful, but they falsify the nature of time and motion as concretely experienced by ignoring the crucial element of becoming. This falsification is inherent in the intellect’s way of working. By its very nature, the intellect is equipped to handle only what is repetitive and routine; real becoming baffles it. Hence the sciences have a severe disability built into them.  #RyanPhillippe 1 of 5

Moreover, conceptual thought runs into contradictions or paradoxes whenever it tries to give a thorough analysis of motion. These paradoxes show that the scientific concept of motion is basically incoherent. The conclusion must be that the sciences can never provide a complete and adequate account of the Universe. They need to be supplemented by some other discipline. An obvious choice would seem to be metaphysics, but classical metaphysics is equally a creation of the intellect and suffers from the same disability as the sciences. Metaphysicians, with a few exceptions have misconstrued change and failed to give it the priority it actually has in the World. They regarded being as ultimate, and becoming as derivative. Accordingly, metaphysical theories have been based om such concepts the indestructible atoms of Democritus, the eternal forms of Plato, or the fixed categories of Kant. These concepts illustrate the intellect’s addiction to unchanging units that are mechanically combined or separated according to the rules of logic. Neither time nor change can be understood when so approached. The constructions of metaphysics are as inadequate here as those of science, without the latter’s usefulness.  #RyanPhillippe 2 of 5

Classical metaphysics has also mistakenly supposed that an all-embracing system can be constructed, bringing within its scope not only what is actual but also what is possible. This idea rests on a fallacious assumption that there is a realm of possibility over and above the realm of actuality. The belief in possibles that would be realized by acquiring existence is an illusion of the intellect, designed to exclude the notion of absolute novelty. Let us have done with great metaphysical systems embracing all the possible and sometimes even the impossible. There could be nothing has not meaning. Nothing is a term in ordinary language which can only have meaning in the sphere proper to humans, of action and fabrication. The term designates the absence of what we are seeking in the World around us. It can be properly used only because many things already exist. To oppose nothing in an absolute sense to existence is to embrace a pseudo idea and engender pseudo problems. These criticisms do not imply that metaphysics is to be rejected, for some proposed to redefine metaphysics and provide it with a new method. Instead of employing the intellect, it is to employ intuition. Time, that is never to be recalled or stayed, blots out the memory of the greatest worth.  #RyanPhillippe 3 of 5

Father, I recognize that You are not surprised by what was lacking or hurtful in my past or present. You know every hardship and hurt, every unfair and difficult situation I have faces and will ever face. I choose to let go of the things that are holding me back from the fantastic future You have for me. I choose to forgive others as You have forgiven me, and I ask You to cleanse any poison of bitterness out of my life. I believe that You are moving me forward and will thrust me into my destiny. Storms makes oaks take deeper roots. Father God, I am at peace today because I know You control the winds and storms of my life. They can either blow me backward, forward, sideways, up, or down. However, one thing I am confident in: Where You take me is where I am supposed to be. You are in control in the good times as well as the tough times. The fierce winds may come, but You will shift the winds in my direction. I believe that instead of defeating me, they will promote me. What is testing us now will soon become our testimony. Shake off the discouragement. Let go of the self-pity and get ready for God to do something new. God is going to thrust us forward into the fullness of our destiny.  #RyanPhillippe 4 of 5

It would follow from this that metaphysics is a discipline superior to the natural sciences. Indeed, from a philosophical standpoint the sciences are cognitively worthless because they can say nothing about reality. The impression by urging that metaphysics and the sciences must be coordinate and equal in value. Both are concerned with the real, the sciences with the domain of matter, metaphysics with the domain of spirit. Moreover, the knowledge that, each gains is capable of indefinite expansion and can approach completeness as an ideal limit. It was this connection that seems to have been revised in the doctrine of intuition, closing the gap between it and the intellect without obliterating the distinction between the two. The objective was to formulate a philosophy that would submit to the control of science and that could in turn enable a science to progress. The disciplines would then have a common frontier. In adopting the method of intuition, metaphysics is able to supplement the sciences by giving a true account of duration, of becoming, and even of evolution. There is no difference between Time and the three dimensions of Space except that our consciousness moves along it.  #RyanPhillippe 5 of 5

Surely there is something divine in instinct. There is nothing in the World easier than calling a person mad, it is what we do to dogs when we want to hang them. Intuiting is a process of guessing, allowing and following hunches, experiencing vibrations of possible, whether they are probable or not. Intuition refers to a whole set of experiences that cannot really be described, because they are very personal and they are almost impossible to convey scientifically. If you know something (intuitively), you just know it. Such knowing has nothing to do with cognitive knowledge and is much more like possessing wisdom, vision, a keener expert than reason at interpreting covert under-meanings. Let us first of all consider the relation of children to their brothers and sisters. I do not know why we presuppose that it must be a loving one, since examples of enmity among adult brothers and sisters are frequent in everyone’s experience, and since we are so often able to verify the fact that this estrangement originated during childhood, or has always existed. Moreover, many adults who to-day are devoted to their brothers and sisters, support them in adversity, lived with them almost continuous enmity during their childhood. Our senses are not dupes. The gift of instinct: an inferior gradation of reason. A sort of mysterious combination of thought and matter. #RandolphHarris 1 of 7

The elder child ill-treated the younger, slandered him, and robbed him of his toys; the younger was consumed with helpless fury against the elder, envied and feared him, or his earliest impulse toward liberty and his first revolt against injustice were directed against his oppressor. The parents say that the children do not agree, and cannot find the reason for it. It is not difficult to see that the character even of a well-behaved child is not the character we should wish to find in an adult. A child is absolutely egoistical; he feels his wants acutely, and strives remorselessly to satisfy them, especially against his competitors, other children, and first of all against his brothers and sisters. And yet we do not on that account call a child “wicked”—we can call him “naughty”; he is not responsible for his misdeeds, either in our own judgment or in the eyes of the law. And this is as it should be; for we may expect that within the very period of life which we reckon as childhood, altruistic impulses and morality will awake in the little egoist, and that, a secondary ego will overlay and inhibit the primary ego.  Do we not all agree to call rapid thought and noble impulse by the name of inspiration?  #RandolphHarris 2 of 7

Morality, of course, does not develop simultaneously in all its departments, and furthermore, the duration of the amoral period of childhood differs in different individuals. Where this morality fails to develop we are prone to speak of degeneration; but here the case is obviously one of arrested development. Where the primary character is already overlaid by the later development it may be at least partially uncovered again by an attack of hysteria. The correspondence between the so-called hysterical character and that of a naughty child is absolutely striking. The obsessional neurosis, on the other hand, corresponds to a super-morality, which develops as a strong reinforcement against the primary character that is threatening to revive. Many persons, then, who now love their brothers and sisters, and who would feel bereaved by their death, harbour in their unconscious hostile wishes, survival for an earlier period, wishes which are able to realize themselves in dreams. It is, however, quite especially interesting observe the behaviour of little children up to their third and fourth year towards their younger brothers or sisters.  Favorable circumstances–good air, good company, two or three good rules rigidly adhered to–keep the World out of Bedlam. However, let the World fly into a passion, and is not Bedlam its safest abode?  #RandolphHarris 3 of 7

So far the child has been the only one; now he is informed that the stroke has brought a new baby. The child inspects the new arrival, and expresses his opinion with decision: “The stork had better take it back again!” Hans, whose phobia was the subject of the analysis in the above-mentioned publication, cried out at the age of three and a half, while feverish, shortly after the birth of a sister: “But I do not want to have a little sister.” In his neurosis, eighteen months later, he frankly confessed the wish that his mother should drop the child into the bath while bathing it, in order that it might float away to Heaven in the arms of angels so he could be the only child again. With all this, Hans was a good-natured, affectionate child, who soon became fond of his sister, after his father pulled out a switch and applied it to his rear end several times, and Hans then took his sister under his special protection. Intuition is an act by which one is transported into the interior of an object in order to coincide with what there is unique and consequently inexpressible about it. The case of the self, intuition is an immersion in the indivisible flow of consciousness, a grasping of pure becoming and real duration. The result is knowledge which is contact and even coincidence. Threats are seldom of avail to bring a man back to reason. One does not become angry with a mad man.  #RandolphHarris 4 of 7

 I seriously declare it my opinion that a child is able to estimate the disadvantages which he has to expect on account of a new-comer. A connection of mine, who now gets on very well with a sister, who is four years her junior, responded to the news of this sister’s arrival with the reservation: “But I shall not give her my red cap, anyhow.” If the child should come to realize only at a later stage that its happiness may be prejudiced by a younger brother or sister its enmity will be aroused at this period. I know a case where a girl, not three years of age, tried to strangle an infant in its cradle, because she suspected that its continued presence boded her no good. Children at this time of life are capable of a jealousy that is perfectly evident and extremely intense. Again, perhaps the little brother or sister really soon disappears, and the child once more draws to himself the whole affection of the household; then a new child is sent by the stork; is it not natural that the favourite should conceive the wish that the new rival may meet the same fate as the earlier one, in order that he may be as happy as he was before the birth of the first child towards the interval after his death?  The seership of a poet’s heart, the insight that is given by faith, hope and curiosity are no sooner satisfied, than they begin a new search. #RandolphHarris 5 of 7

Such cases of death in the experience of children may soon be forgotten in the family, but psychoanalytical investigation shows that they are very significant for the later neurosis. Of course, this attitude of the child towards the younger brother or sister is, under normal circumstances, a mere function of the difference of age. After a certain interval, the maternal instincts of the older girl will be awakened towards the helpless new-born infant. Feelings of hostility towards brothers and sisters must occur far more frequently in children than observed by their obtuse elders. Here is a peculiarly sincere ad ingenuous description of this typical childish attitude as experienced in a young man’s earliest childhood: “Moreover, there was now a second Adolf. A little creature whom they declared was my brother, but I could not understand what he could be for, or what they should pretend he was a being like myself. I was sufficient unto myself: what did I want with a brother? And he was not only useless, he was also even troublesome. When I plagued my grandmother, he too wanted to plague her; when I was wheeled about in the baby-carriage he sat opposite me, and took up half the room, so that we could not help kicking one another.” The mysterious process by which our Earthly life instructs us for another state of being gives insight, and insight often gives foreboding. #RandolphHarris 6 of 7

Unlike the intellect, which remains outside what it knows, requires symbols, and produces knowledge that is always relative to some viewpoint, intuition enters into what it knows, dispenses with symbols, and produces knowledge that is absolute. The cognitive character of intuition instead of its immediacy, is a mode of thinking. As such, it is not a spontaneous flash of insight but an act the is engendered by mental effort. To achieve an intuition, we must turn our attention away from its natural concern with action. This act demands concentration of thought. Even when we are successful, the results are impermanent. Yet the intellect can effect a partial communication of the results by using concrete ideas, supplemented by images. Comparisons and metaphors will here suggest what cannot be expressed. Consequently, the knowledge attained by intuition is not altogether ineffable. Nor is it, in the strict sense, absolute, for intuition is a progressive activity that can widen and deepen its scope indefinitely. Its limits cannot be fixed a priori. It is not so much outer temptations that prevail over mortals; but inward instincts. Our actions obey an unknown law, implicit in ourselves, but which does not conform to our logic.  Both wit and understanding are trifles, without integrity. #RandolphHarris 7 of 7

The restless mind creates and observes at the same time. Indeed, there is scarcely any popular tenet more erroneous than that which holds that when time is slow, life is dull. It is very often and very much the reverse. If we look back on those passages of our life which dwell most upon the memory, they are brief periods full of action and novel sensation. People have set their mark on humankind forever, as they thought, but time has washed it out as it has washed out mountains and continents. Direct experience not only establishes the reality of time and freedom; it also testifies that each of us is a body, subject to the same laws as all other bits of matter. Have you ever met people that you find attractive and think are smart and want to spend time getting to know them, eating dinner with them, watching movies with them and finding out what kind of music they like and what their hobbies are? Well, bodies are interpreted as images; that is, objects perceived in space. Among these images is one that I know from the outside by perception and from the inside by sensation or affection. This is my own body, which I also know to be a center of action.  #RandolphHarris 1 of 8

Life may as properly be called an art as any other; and the greast incidents in it are no more to be considered as mere accidents than the several members of a fine statue or a noble poem. If we use common words on a great occasion, they are the more striking, because they are felt at once to have a particular meaning, like antiquated banners, or everyday clothes, hung up in a sacred place. What is the relation between the body and the mind? Materialism holds that mind, or consciousness, is either identical with brain activity or existentially dependent on brain activity. However, it is also possible that there is vastly more in a given occasion of consciousness than in the corresponding brain state. In majority of cases, conscience is an elastic and very flexible article, which will bear a deal of stretching and adapt itself to a great variety of circumstances. The considerations to which the appeal comes mainly from the examination of memory. The great remembrance by which that time is marked in my mind seems to have swallowed up all lesser recollections, and to exist alone. #RandolphHarris 2 of 8

Living organisms, unlike nonliving objects, retain their past in the present. This phenomenon is manifested in two kinds of memory. Once kind consists of sensory—motor mechanisms or habits fixed in the body organism and designed to ensure adaptation to a present situation. When an appropriate stimulus arises, one of these mechanisms unwinds as a response. The other kind of memory, which humans alone possess, records in the form of memory images all the events of daily life as they occur in time. These images provide the content of occasion recalling. This is pure memory, which is wholly spiritual. Consciousness signifies, before everything, memory. Not until we have passed through the furnace are we made to know how much dross there is in our composition. We are always in the forge, or on the anvil; by trials God is shaping us for higher things.  However, the belief in pure memory contradicts any correlation of memory images with hypothetical memory traces stored in the brain. Physiologically, the brain consists of a vast number of neurons, synapsing with each other and with afferent and efferent nerves. It resembles a telephone exchange, not a storage device. There is no evidence that memories are located spatially within it.  #RandolphHarris 3 of 8

In life there is every the intellectual and the emotional nature—the mind that reasons, and the mind that feels. I have seen, have seen ahead, seen where all is dark, read the unwritten. The brain of the human is Jove’s eagle and his lightning on Earth—the title to majesty henceforth. Moreover, if a visual recollection of an object were dependent on a brain trace, there would have to be thousands of traces, corresponding to all the variations due to different points of view from which the object has been perceived.  However, what we actually have in each case is one practically invariable memory image of an object, not a large class of different images. This is thought to constitute proof that something is quite distinct from mechanical registration is involved. While magic still retains the full omnipotence of ideas, some have ceded part of the brain’s omnipotence to spirits and thus have started on the way to form a religion. Philosophy and religion may be called the exercises of the mind, and when this is disordered, they are as wholesome as exercise can be to a distempered body. Now what could have moved primitive human to this first act of renunciation? The beginning of a motive life must be in the head.  #RandolphHarris 4 of 8

It could hardly have been an insight into the incorrectness of human assumptions to believe that the mind retained magic. As pointed out elsewhere, spirits and demons were nothing but the projection of the primitive human’s emotional impulses; they personified the things they personified their affects, populated the World with them and then rediscovered their inner psychic process outside of themselves because they thought that the fixations and detachments of memory reflected in the fates of the God-rays, which these early humans invented to explain cognition. There are facts associated with the loss of word memory and its restoration which point to the conclusion that the recollective process is independent of brain traces. It follows that materialism and psychoneural parallelism are untenable doctrines. How, then is pure memory related to the brain? Pure memory retains the whole of our past. And if this is the case, something must prevent all our memories from being simultaneously present to consciousness, since we do in fact recall one or two things at a time. The brain must therefore act as a filter for our memories, allowing only those that are practically useful to emerge on a given occasion.  #RandolphHarris 5 of 8

In other words, the brain is a mechanism invented by nature to canalize and direct our attention toward what is about to happen, in order to assist our actions. It is designed not so much to promote remembering as to promote forgetting. By bringing pure memory into contact with practical actions, it also establishes a link with habit memory, since most of our everyday actions tend to be habitual and routine. In this way, the two kinds of memory are united. Although some scientists will not countenance the idea that memory traces are stored in the brain, they will allow of the storage of images in pure memory. Pure memory retains all our conscious states in the order which they occur. This leads many to accept the conclusion that part of the mind is unconscious or subconscious. It is erroneous to suppose that the existence of physical sates depends on their apprehension by consciousness. To suppose this is to vitiate the concept of mind by casting an artificial obscurity over the idea of the unconscious. The significance of pure memory can be understood only by supposing that past psychological states have a real, though unconscious, existence.  #RandolphHarris 6 of 8

It is now possible to explain the relation between the body and the mind. Here, as elsewhere, there has been a strong temptation to think in spatial terms, envisaging two separate substances that have to be connected. However, the relation between body and mind must be understood in temporal, not spatial, terms. The point becomes clear when we unite the insight derived from our consciousness of real duration with the recognition that the body is a center of action, for on an occasion of action, body and mind are related by a convergence in time. No spatial representation of this convergence can be adequate. It can be grasped only by noting what takes place whenever we act. A familiar example is our perception of the external World. We were created to grow, to move forward, and to prosper. We should constantly be breaking the barriers of the past, taking new ground for our families and advancing God’s Kingdom. However, throughout life there will always be forces trying to keep us from where we are going. They cannot stop the progress we have made, but the will do their best to contain us, to limit our influence. #RandolphHarris 7 of 8

The power of your mind is uncontainable. The mind will run away with the body at any time. The forces in you are greater than the forces trying to contain you. If you are to become everything that God has created you to be, do not get stuck in negativity nor sadness. Always know that you are not limited to what you have now. Keep increasing your faith in God-rays, looking for new opportunities, new idea, and new ways to expand your influence. You were made for more, you were made to influence more, to accomplish more, to love more, to give more, and to have more, and to be loved more. God will take you places you have never dreamed of. He will bring opportunities that give you amazing influence.  Nothing is ever wasted in the Kingdom of God. Not one tear, not all our pain, not the unanswered questions or the seemingly unanswered prayers. Noting will be wasted if we give our lives to God. And if we are willing to be patient until the grace of God is made manifest, whether it takes nine years or ninety, it will be Worth the wait. A well-informed mind is the best security against the contagion of folly and vice.  #RandolphHarris 8 of 8

Life and death—love and hate—collide in the Heavens. It is almost a cry of anguish. The yearning of a soul, formed by Nature in a peculiar mould, for communion with those to whom it bears a resemblance, yet of whom it was not, is finite and not in the least under its own command. The two great movements of the soul are the desire of honor and the fear of shame. During a lifetime of teaching, lecturing, and writing, I have gained an international reputation as one of the authors of a new and distinctive philosophical outlook presented in a succession of articles, and there fluent, nontechnical style have given them a wide appeal. We sense flow of life as a primary inner experience; the philosophic thought is focused on the directly intuited, concrete individual, and the mechanism is the external form of an inner spiritual activity; there is an intrinsic freedom in human action; and there exists a radical contingency in our nature. There is a species of intuition—either a spiritual lie, or the subtle recognition of a fact—which comes to us in a reduced state of the corporeal system.  #RandolphHarris 1 of 5

Scientific time is a mathematical conception, symbolized in physical theory by the letter t and measured by clocks and chronometers. Because these measuring instruments are spatial bodies, scientific time is represented as an extended, homogeneous medium, composed of standard units (years, hours, seconds). Most of human’s practical life in society is dominated by these units. However, time thus represented neither flows nor acts. It exists passively, like a line drawn on a surface. When we turn to our direct experience, we find nothing that corresponds to this mathematical conception. What we find, on the contrary, is flowing, irreversible succession of states that melt into each other to form an indivisible process. This process is not homogeneous but heterogeneous. It is not abstract, but concrete. In short, it is pure time or real duration (duree reelle), something immediately experienced as active and ongoing. If we try to represent it by a spatial image, such as a line, we only generate abstract, mathematical time, which is at the bottom an illusion. The great weakness of mechanistic modes of thought is that they consider this illusion to be reality.  #RandolphHarris 2 of 5

However, to expressions of all feelings and passions, this illusion has been stripped of its innocence and the full brutality of modern life revealed in its stead. Can the ugly be made to appear beautiful, and if so, does that cause us to ignore the reality of the situation? The recognition of real duration provides a basis for vindicating human freedom, and disposing of determinism. The determinist holds that freedom does not exists. Life is a situation in which one confronts an ostensible choice as being like arriving at a point on a line where a branching occurs, and taking one of the branches. The particular branch taken could not not have been taken. Given full knowledge of the antecedent states of mind of the agent, the branch taken could have been predicted beforehand. The reality of the illusion, or the subconscious mind, is seen more real than the surface reality. Its reality is higher reality. The force of this argument derives from misrepresenting the situation of choice by using an abstract, spatialized conception of time.  #RandolphHarris 3 of 5

One of the most powerful kinds of implied line is a function of line of sight, image of the line symbolizes the choice already made, not the choice in the making. In acting, we do not move along a path through time. Deliberating about a choice is not like being at a point on a line and oscillating in space between various courses confronting us. Time is a sure foot and strong will. Deliberation and choice are temporal, not spatial, acts. Moreover, the determinist makes the associationist’s mistake of supposing that the mind of the agent consists of a succession of atomic states that determine how he will act. The associationist’s mechanistic interpretation of the mind produced a fallacious picture upon which determinism was superimposed, in interlocking symmetrical triangles that serve to unify the Worlds of the divine and the mortal. It creates a sense of movement and direction, but also possess certain intellectual, emotional, and expressive qualities. No mind is much employed upon the present; recollection and anticipation fill up almost all our moments.  #RandolphHarris 4 of 5

Freedom of action is something directly experienced. Humans feel themselves to be free as they act, even though they may be unable to explain the nature of their freedom. When we speak of the expressive use of a formal element, we mean that it expresses powerful emotions, deeply anguished and a creative genius. However, we are free only when our act springs spontaneously from our whole personality as it has evolved up to the moment of action. If this spontaneity is absent, our actions will be simply stereotyped or mechanical responses. In such cases, we behave like automata. Hence, freedom is far from being absolute. Indeed, for most people free acts are the exception, not the rule. To this extent, the determinists are right. Time truly works wonders. It sublimates wine; it sublimates fame; nay, is the creator thereof; of fables distills truths; and smooths, levels, glosses, softens, melts, and meliorates all things. The soul’s life has seasons of its own; periods not found in any calendar, times that years and months will not scan. Humankind is only an ephemeral blossom on the tree of time, expressive energies released in this creative outburst.  #RandolphHarris 5 of 5

The one thing, people can sense when you care. All spirit is individual; no general being exists. Like Sunbeams, the human soul pervades and enlighten surrounding matter. The spirit is also Universal, for its activity is the realization of values (which cannot be particular). Moreover, each entity is internally related to other entities, for spirit is concretely Universal, existing only as individuals whose fullest potentialities are realizable only in communion (Russian, sobornost) with and dependence upon others, especially God. This is the highest realization of a spirit’s essence personality, the primary meaning of which is unification of purposeful self-determination and creative activity throughout changing experiences. The human soul is finite and not in the least under its own command. God is the only complete personality, and the relationship of humans to God is not the objective aim of worship but the subjective one of identity of purpose in every creative act. It is through personality that the totality of existence is unified, not as a completed organic or hierarchical whole but as a meaningful unity in process of realization in and through the many individual centers of activity.  #RyanPhillippe 1 of 7

Whenever spirit takes the special form of human existence, it constitutes an ego (a person’s sense of self-esteem or self-importance). The wishes that are realized in dreams are invariably the wishes of the ego; it is only a deceptive appearance if interest in another person is believed to have evoked a dream. For instance, a boy, not yet four years of age related the following dream: He saw a large garnished dish, on which was a large joint of roast meat; and the joint was suddenly—not carved—but eaten up. He did not see the person who ate it. Even the large, over-abundant, immoderate and exaggerated things occurring in dreams may be a childish characteristic. A child wants nothing more intensely than to grow big, and to eat as much of everything as grown-ups do; a child is hard to satisfy; he knows no such words as “enough,” and insatiably demands the repetition of whatever has pleased him or tasted good to him. He learns to practise moderation, to be modest and resigned, only through training. As we know, the neurotic also is inclined to immoderation and excess.  #RyanPhillippe 2 of 7

Who can he be, this strange person, of whose luxurious repast the little dreams? In accordance with the form of relation between spirit and personality, not all egos are actually persons. Only when the ego freely acts to realize its own concrete essence, rather than abstract or arbitrary goals, it is a person. For some days past the boy, in accordance with the doctor’s orders, had been naughty, and, as punishment, has been deprived of his supper. He had already undergone one such hunger-cure, and had borne his deprivation bravely. He knew that he would get nothing, but he did not even allude to the fact that he was hungry. Training was beginning to produce its effect; this is demonstrated even by the dream, which reveals the beginnings of dream-distortion. There is no doubt that he himself is the person whose desires are directed toward this abundant meal, and a meal of medium rare (well) roast meat at that. However, since he knows that this is forbidden him, he does not dare, as hungry children do in dreams, to sit down to the meal himself. The person remains anonymous. Therefore, a society that furthers the goal of the development of egos into persons is a true community, and the relationship existing among its members is communality (sobornost).  #RyanPhillippe 3 of 7

How can the soul progress save through the cultivation of virtue and self-mastery? It is a community of purpose that constitutes society; without that, people may be drawn into contiguity, but they still continue virtually isolated. Communality is opposed by the process of individualization and socialization. Socialization is the tendency of an ego to assume the characteristics of objectified, abstract society, thereby sacrificing its true nature for the false role of a theatrical ego. Individualization is the tendency of the ego to become solitary, to lead a hermetic existence. However, since the deepest solitude stems from the awareness of existing in a World of socialized abstractions, these two processes are more complementary than opposed. The fateful element in both tendencies is their implicit preference for the objective; they are type of objectification. The goal of personalist socialism is soborny (communal) society; and sobornost finds its expression, not in economic forces, but in love, for only love transforms the Ego into a personality. A charm must be accompanied by a strong wish on the part of the charmer that it may succeed.  #RyanPhillippe 4 of 7

The weakness of humanity is never willingly perceived by young minds. The realization of communality has many facets. Three of the most important can be highlighted by taking, in succession, the perspectives of government, ethics, and history.  Every personality ought to be situated in a condition of human existence corresponding to its human dignity. Implementation of this principle would produce an aristocracy of freedom, and would avoid the leveling tendency of democracy as well as communism’s antipersonal myth of a classless society. The state would cease to have any intrinsic value and would be reduced to the purely instrumental level of a tool employed for the implementation of various humanitarian goals. Humans are free not to only act morally or immorally, but also to decide for themselves what is moral or immoral. However, this is the type of leadership we have seen under President Obama, and although he has made some tremendous accomplishments, 90 percent of Americans have health care, America is involved in less wars, we have not had an foreign attacks on our country, unemployment is down to 5 percent, and there has been tremendous job growth.  #RyanPhillippe 5 of 7

Nonetheless, certain segments of the population have been able to break the law and habitually get away with it.  The American press has been able to lie, spread rumors, physically attack people, violate privacy laws, bribe judges, and impersonate law enforcement. It is almost a form of anarchism we are seeing from the press and corporations like Uber who refuse to obey government regulations and take their unpermitted “self-driving” cars off the road. Whatever happened to being a good corporate citizen? We have also seen a huge increase in murders of police officers and property crimes. It must be remembered that humans are concretely involved with others, so this radical freedom is not at all a license to dominate. No truly human act can use a person as a means to achieve something else; the ethics of freedom and creativity mist also be the ethics of compassion. Leaders cannot abuse and torture people because of what they are supposed to represent and go unpunished. The moral ideal is complete, harmonious being, manifesting beauty in the form of creative energy guiding and unifying the entire World in the project of value realization.  #RyanPhillippe 6 of 7

If such a goal seems overly optimistic, the historical perspective tends to promote a realistic balance. The very structure of our existence forbids the realization of any utopia, not only because some actions fail to achieve their intended results, but also because some goods are mutually exclusive. Moreover, since the goal is the fullest development of spirit, and since spirit has unlimited freedom, the end of history can only be a limiting ideal to guide future action rather than an actual event in future history. Therefore, history is tragic in that it proposes a goal that is never completely attained. However, a tragedy is always meaningful; and history possesses significance to the extent that those spirits whose lives constitute history achieve their divine purpose. Consequently, even if history involves failure and suffering, its failure is a profound catastrophe and its suffering is justified to the degree that historical beings actualize that nonhistorical community of personal values that is equivalent to the Kingdom of God.  #RyanPhillippe 7 of 7

Society will get the better of us unless we get the better of society. An individual has political authority when other people habitually obey him or her. The laws and commands of such individuals, when enforced by punishment or the threat of punishment, is a more tender organism than the body, and the face is but a reflecting surface for the soul. One’s recognition of the moral sanction enables an individual to understand that by being sovereign compels one to pay attention to those customary ways of behavior that embody the experience of the community about what makes for the general happiness, and so to allow for the part played in law by custom and tradition. It is through the command of the sovereign that custom has the force of law. Nothing is so easy as to lay down the outlines of perfect society. There wants nothing but money to set it going. The daringness of curiosity is seldom so adventurous as to attempt to penetrate into the mysteries of government. A state in which the power of the sovereign can be counterbalanced by that of his or her subjects is like a body without an head, and must necessarily fall to ruin.  #RyanPhillippe 1 of 6

No form of government has been yet discovered by which cruelty can be wholly prevented. You cannot make a life over—society would not let you if you would. No one can enjoy solitude better than an individual who is bent down with the burthen of age, and has made a wise use of one’s life. To a heart formed for friendship and affection the charms of solitude are very short—lived. Most words spoken by the masses refer to fictitious entities and not to real ones. To consider any part or aspect of a real entity in abstraction is to create a fictitious entity. There are thousand familiar disputes which reason never can decide. Hence qualities, relations, and classes are all fictitious: so are the abstract notions of time, place, motion, and substance. A fiction is nothing; and a quality of a fiction is equally nothing. Thus, most of our talk is strictly nonsense, though it can be given meaning by translating it into terms referring to real entities. The possibility of making such translations gives rise to definition by paraphrasis. Some words are best defined by translating the sentences in which they occur into other sentences in which all the words refer to real entities.  #RyanPhillippe 2 of 6

Examples of how to interpret definition by paraphrasis translation into sentences follows: “duty,” “right,” “power,” and “title,” which can be understood only by reference to such concrete situations as one man being punished by another. Legal and political fictions and the mental confusion that results from them are largely due to the failure to make such translations; men and women are caught in the shackles of ordinary language. Metaphysical speculations have as their objects understanding clearly what one is speaking of. Mathematics as concerned purely with fictitious entities and as being essentially a species of short hand, it is the concept of a postulate set in which the rules of the system itself must be sharply distinguished from the rules governing the application of the system. For instance, a common use of radicals occurs in applications involving right triangles. Recall that a right triangle is one that contains a right (or 90 degree) angle. The relationship among the three sides of a right triangle is described by the Pythagorean Theorem, which says that is a and b are the lengths of the legs of c is the length of the hypotenuse, then c = the square root of a square + b squared.  #RyanPhillippe 3 of 6

So, a softball diamond has the shape of a square with 60-foot sides. The catcher is 5 feet behind home plate. How far does the catcher have to throw to reach second base? Well, the distance from home plate to second base is approximately 84.9 feet. Because the catcher is 5 feet behind the home plate, the catcher must make a throw of 84.9 + 5 = 89.9 feet to reach second base. Many say God speaks in numbers and the Devil is in the details. There is also a distinction between the eulogistic and dyslogistic use of words, maintaining that the eulogistic and the corresponding dyslogistic term to refer to the same real entity. What is the difference between that luxury which all the World condemns, and that prosperity which all the World admires? To give another example, vanity, ambition, and honor, are different names for the same motive. In each cause the motive (what moves us) is the love of reputation, which is in itself neither good nor bad. Since actual existence, as distinct from the merely possible, is not an indeterminate, anarchic chaos, there must also be an initial creative, purposeful act, determining the pure possibility; this is God.  #RyanPhilippe 4 of 6

Through God, possibility becomes identified with potentiality; and one may speak of the tendency of freedom to become, or of freedom linked with cosmic aim. Insofar as this aim achieves existential embodiment, God is the Creator bringing value into being ex nihilo; that is, out of freedom. Let us supposed that one father slaves day and night to pay off his son’s gambling debts and so clear the family name, while another devotes his energies to marrying his daughter into a titled family. In saying that the former is moved by a sense of honor and the latter by ambition we are expressing a difference in our attitudes to the two men that is, on utilitarian principles, thoroughly justified, since the one course of action is more likely than the other to increase the general happiness. We are not, however referring to any difference in motive; for both men act from precisely the same motive, the desire that his family shall stand well in the general esteem. This activity, which in the phenomenal level is identical with the production and pursuit of the various forms of order and value, is termed the “theogonic process” (from Greek 0eos, God; yevw, to become, be born).  #RyanPhillippe 5 of 6

Since all existents (but especially human) participate in the determination of value, God and creatures are mutually related in the pursuit of the common goal of realizing maximum value. Due to this fundamental correlation, all beneficial value experience may be interpreted as the immanence of God. Contrariwise, all evil and frustration, as instances of unrealized potentiality, involve a separation between the divine purpose and the creatures’ actuality that may be described as the transcendence of God. The term for the creative process is Spirit; and since God and all other lesser Universal existents (which constitute World) are such processes, only spirit exists. Every existent, as a creative activity realizing value, is free subjectivity; that is, a unique, individual, self-determining process. Objectivity arises solely through objectification, which is the apprehension or hypostatization within some spirit of the past qualitative states of spirit. If you are not increasing your faith, you are not invoking everything God has in planned. Be like the best architect and build up your faith in God, make it the most beautiful temple around, and you God will perform supernatural miracles in your life. God can do things that are beyond your imagination.  #RyanPhillippe 6 of 6

People are easily seduced by the temptation of the immediate pleasure. The criminal, for example, might eventually find oneself, in their old age, looking back on his or her misspent years with regret, but this prospect is much less likely to deter him or her in his or her youth than the threat of imprisonment in the very near future. With tax season coming up and the holidays coming up, many people are looking to get some extra cash. Criminals are proficient in stealing the personally identifiable information (PII) of individuals to facilitate various fraud activities, including using stolen identity information to files fraudulent tax returns. Once the fraudsters obtain the victim PII, they electronically file tax returns and set up pre-paid debit cards or ban accounts to route fraudulent returns. The balances on the pre-paid cards and bank accounts are quickly depleted shortly after the tax refund is issues. The commission of one vice hurries sinful creatures into innumerable crimes.  #RyanPhillippe 1 of 8

The fraudsters utilize multiple methods to obtain the information needed to file a tax return. The most popular methods include: computer intrusion, the online purchase of stole PII, the recruitment of insiders who have legitimate access to sensitive information, the physical theft of computers that contain PII, the impersonation of Internal Revenue Service personnel, and the aggregation of information that is obtained through multiple publicly available Web sites. A recent investigation identified a tax return fraud ring responsible for filing approximately 644 fraudulent tax returns totaling over $1.9 million in attempted fraud. It is truly wonderful how easily Society can console itself for the worst of its shortcomings with a little bit of clap-trap. Having committed a crime once is a sad handle to the committing of it again. All the reflections wear off when the temptation renews itself.   #RyanPhillippe 2 of 8

We have the right to investigate superstitious interpretations; individual awkward acts do not by any means always have the same meaning, but, depending on the circumstances, they serve to represent now this or that purpose. Recently, we passed through a period in my house, during which an unusual number of glass and china dishes were broken, rare tress cut down, and other strange things. I myself did not contribute to the damage. This little endemic was readily explained by the fact that it “betrothal” of my son. At such festivities, it is customary to break some dishes and utter at the same time some felicitating expression. This custom may signify a sacrifice or express any other symbolic sense. When servants destroy fragile objects by letting them fall, we certainly do not think in the first place of a psychic motive for it; still, some obscure motives are not improbably even here. Nothing lies farther from the undominated by a foolish hostility against these productions, especially when the objects, whose worth they do not realize, become a source of a great deal of work for them.  #RyanPhillippe 3 of 8

On the other hand, persons of the same education and origin employed in scientific institutions often distinguish themselves by great dexterity and reliability in the handling of delicate objects, as soon as they begin to identify themselves with their masters and consider themselves an essential part of the staff. I shall here add the report of a young mechanical engineer, which gives some insight into the mechanism of damaging things. Some time ago, I worked with many others in the laboratory of the High School on a series of complicated experiments on the subject of elasticity. It was a work that we undertook of our own volition, but it turned out that it took up more of our time then we expected. One day, while going to the laboratory with F., he complained of losing so much time, especially on this day, when he had so many other things to do at the house. I could only agree with him, and he added half-jokingly, alluding to an incident of the previous week: “Lets us hope that the machine will refuse to work, so that we can interrupt the experiment and go back to the house earlier.”  #RyanPhillippe 4 of 8

In arranging the work, it happened that F. was assigned to the regulation of the pressure valve; that is, it was his duty to carefully open the valve and let the fluid under pressure flow from the accumulator into the cylinder of the hydraulic press. The leader of the experiment stood at the manometer and called a loud “Stop!” when the maximum pressure was reached. At this command, F. grasped the valve and turned it with all his force—to the left (all valves, without any exception, are closed to the right). This caused a sudden full pressure in the accumulator of the press, and as there was no outlet, the connecting pipe burst. This was quite a trifling accident to the machine, but enough to force us to stop our work for the day and go back to the house. It is characteristic, moreover, that some time later on discussing this occurrence, my friend F. could not recall the remark that I absolutely remember he had made.  #RyanPhillippe 5 of 8

Similarly, to fall, to make a misstep, or to slip need not always be interpreted as an entirely accidental incontinence of a motor actions. The linguistic double meaning of these expressions point to diverse hidden phantasies, which may present themselves through the giving up of bodily equilibrium. I recall a number of lighter nervous ailments in people which made their appearance after falling without injury, and which were conceived as traumatic hysteria as a result of the shock of the fall was already a preparation of the neurosis, and an expression of them same unconscious phantasies of the sexual content which may be taken as the moving forces behind the symptoms. Was not this very thing meant in the proverb which says, “When a maiden falls, she falls on her back”? We can also add to these mistakes the case of one who gives a beggar a gold piece in place of a copper or a silver coin. The solution of such mishandling is simple: it is an act of sacrifice designed to mollify fate, to avert evil, and so on.  #RyanPhillippe 6 of 8

If we hear a tender mother or an aunt express concern regarding the health of a child, immediately before taking a walk during which she displays her charity, contrary to her usual habit, we can hardly doubt the sense of this apparently undesirable accident. In this manner, our faculty acts make possible the practice of all those pious and superstitious customs to which must shun the light of consciousness, because of the strivings against them of our unbelieving reason. The opposition between duty and inclinations is a false one: the real contest is between conflicting inclinations lead to the greatest pleasure, i.e., the most intense and lasting satisfaction. If “pleasure” means “whatever a person wills,” one may well take pleasure in the happiness of others. However, it certainly does not follow that one that one must. For, even granted that the course of action that brings most pleasure to the individual in the long run will be the one that also brings most pleasure to others, it may still be necessary for the legislator to intervene.  #RyanPhillippe 7 of 8

That accidental actions are really intentional will find no greater credence in any other sphere than in the sexual activity, where the border between the intention and accident hardly seems discernible. That an apparently clumsy movement may be utilized in a most refined way for the sexual purposes, I can verify by a nice example from my own experience. In a friend’s house, I met a young lady visitor who excited in me a feeling of fondness which I had long believed extinct, thus putting me in a jovial, loquacious and complaisant mood. At that time, I endeavored to find out how this came about, as a year before this same young lady made in impression to me. The word “pleasure” is notoriously ambiguous. It could mean what pleases a person to do is simply what one wills to do; and this is perhaps the most consistent meaning. The simple fact of human psychology is that people have desires and seek to gratify them. The only rational way to judge between alternative courses of action is to choose the one that gratifies the most desires. Gratification is always good, and that, while it may often be necessary to repress some desires, this is only in order that other desires may be gratified.  #RyanPhillippe 8 of 8