Silences regulate the flow of listening and talking. They are to conversation what zeroes are to mathematics—crucial nothings without which communication cannot work. It would seem that the human soul is not something subsistent. For that which subsists is said to be “this particular thing.” Now “this particular thing” is said not of the soul, but of what which is composed of soul and body. Therefore the soul is not something subsistent. Further, everything subsistent operates. However, the soul does not operate; for, as the Philosopher says, to say that the soul feels or understands is like saying that the soul weaves or builds. Therefore the soul is not subsistent. Further, if the soul were subsistent, it would have some operation apart from the body. However, it has no operation apart from the body, not even that of understanding: for the act of understanding does not take place without a phantasm, which cannot exist apart from the body. Therefore the human soul is not something subsistent. On the contrary, who understands that the nature of the soul is that of a substance and not that of a body, will see that those who maintain the corporeal nature of the soul, are led astray through associating with the soul those things without which they are unable to think of any nature—Id est imaginary pictures of corporeal things. Therefore the nature of the human intellect is not only incorporeal, but it is also a substance, that is, something subsistent. #RandolphHarris 1 of 19

I answer that, It must necessarily be allowed that the principle of intellectual operation which we call the soul, is a principle both incorporeal and subsistent. For it is clear that by means of the intellect humans can have knowledge of all corporeal things. Now whatever knows certain things cannot have any of them in its own nature; because that which is in it naturally would impede the knowledge of anything else. Thus we observe that a sick person’s tongue being vitiated by a feverish and bitter humour, is insensible to anything sweet, and everything seems bitter to it. Therefore, if the intellectual principle contained the nature of a body it would be unable to know all bodies. Now every body has its own determinate nature. Therefore it is impossible for the intellectual principle to be a body. It is likewise impossible for it to understand by means of a bodily organ; since the determinate nature or that organ would impede knowledge of all bodies; as when a certain determinate color is not only in the pupil of the eye, but also in a glass vase, the liquid in the vase seems to be of that same colour. Therefore the intellectual principle which we call the mind or the intellect has an operation per se apart from the body. Now only that which subsists can have an operation per se. For nothing can operate but what is actual: for which reason we do not say that heat imparts, but that what is hot gives heat. We must conclude, therefore, that the human soul, which is called the intellect or the mind, is something incorporeal and subsistent. #RandolphHarris 2 of 19

“This particular thing” can be take in two senses. Firstly, for anything subsistent; secondly, for that which subsists, and is complete in a specific nature. The former sense excludes the inherence of an accident or of a material form; the latter excludes also the imperfection of the part, so that a hand can be called “this particular thing” in the first sense, but not in the second. Therefore, as the human soul is part of a human nature, it can indeed be called “this particular thing,” in the first sense, as being something subsistent; but not in the second, for in this sense, what is composed of body and soul is said to be “this particular thing.” Aristotle wrote those words as expressing not his own opinion, but the opinion of those who said that to understand is to be moved, as is clear from the context. Or we may reply that to operate per se belongs to what exists per se. However, for a thing to exist per se, it suffices sometimes that it be not inherent, as an accident or a material form; even though it be part of something. Nevertheless, that is rightly said to subsist per se, which is neither inherent in the above sense, nor part of anything else. In this sense, the eye or the hand cannot be said to subsist per se; nor can it for that reason be said to operate per se. Hence the operation of the parts is through each part attributed to the whole. For we say that people see with the eye, and feel with the hand, and no in the same sense as when we say that what is hot gives heat by its heat; for heat, strictly speaking does not give heat. #RandolphHarris 3 of 19

We may therefore say that the soul understands, as the eye sees; but it is more correct to say that humans understand through the soul. The body is necessary for the action of the intellect, not as its origin of action, but on the part of the object; for the phantasm is to the intellect what colour is to the sight. Neither does such a dependence on the body prove the intellect to be non-subsistent; otherwise it would follow that an animal is non-subsistent, since it requires external objects of the sense in order to perform its act of perception. Memory, first of all, the power of recording and storing whatever it receives. It receives he product of the senses, the understanding and reason, and the imagination. The memory is explicit to the relationship to the senses. The external senses respond to objects external to their organs; thus a sensory impression is made. Each response is to an individual object and each impression is an individual one. The sense, which is the door of the intellect, is affected by individuals only. Such impressions are images of objects. We shall call them sense images, to distinguish them from the work of the imagination. As pictures and shapes, they are secondary objects. Pictures and shapes are bot secondary objects, and please or displease but in memory. Sense images are stored in the memory, for the images of those individuals—that is, the impressions they make on the sense—fix themselves in the memory, and pass into it the first instance entire as it were, just as they come. #RandolphHarris 4 of 19

Memory also collects the affective aspects of experience; indeed, if we follow this hint, memory may contribute from its larger and deep storehouse a scale of qualities marked by the pleasant at one end and unpleasant at the other. Memory received and preserved the work of the intellect and the imagination, as well as the work of the sense. We, however, almost ignore this function of memory, for we assume what our contemporaries do, namely, that unless the human mechanism could retain intellectual experience could not function in ways that were distinctly human. We must recognize memory among four intellectual arts. The other three are invention, disposition, and transmission or communication. Memory preserves their work. With the principles and rules of an art as our anchoring point, we focus more about improving the memory than we do about its operations. Our help for retention and recall recognize the difficulty of remembering abstract conceptions. The visual device of “Emblem,” for example, helps memory to cope with “intellectual conceptions.” Undoubtedly memory appears to be a kind of experience; indeed to us it is the record of experience. The relationship between human’s experience and their recording of it seems to be our justification for trying together memory and history. #RandolphHarris 5 of 19

The subject matter of history is properly concerned with individuals, which are circumscribed by place and time. Such material related to the memory. When the mind rehearses what is retained in the memory, it is thinking historically because it is dealing with experience. I consider history and experience to be the sane thing. History is concerned, also, with things that have happened rather than with things that are happening or may happen. This fact helps to set off history from prophecy. Accordingly, if experience per se always implies a time reference to the past, memory includes all experience with the record of the past stamped upon it. The Divine Presence is spiritual. It penetrates the inner most parts of our own spirits. Our entire inner life, our thoughts and desires, our feelings and imaginations, are known to God. The final way of escape, the most intimate of all places, is held by God. That fact is the hardest of all to accept. The human resistance against such relentless observation can scarcely be broken. Every psychiatrist and confessor is familiar with the tremendous force of resistance in each personality against even trifling self-revelations. Nobody wants to be known, even when one realizes that one’s health and salvation depend upon such a knowledge. We do not even wish to be known by ourselves. We try to hide the depth of our souls from our own eyes. We refuse to be our own witness. How then can we stand the mirror in which nothing can be hidden? #RandolphHarris 6 of 19

Is the Ugliest Man right? The Ugliest Man is a symbol of the ugliness in each one of us, and the symbol of our will to hide at least something from God and from ourselves. “Once, books appealed to a few people, here, there, everywhere. They could afford to be different. The World was roomy. But then the World got full of eyes and elbows and mouths. Double, triple, quadruple population. Films and radios, magazines, books leveled down to a sort of paste pudding norm, do you follow me? School is shorted, discipline relaxed, philosophies, histories, languages dropped, English and spelling gradually gradually neglected, finally almost completely ignored. Life is immediate, the job counts, pleasure lies all about after work. Why learn anything save pressing buttons, pulling switches, fitting nuts and bolts? We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the Constitution says, but everyone made equal. Each man (human) the image of every other; then all are happy, for there are no mountains to make them cower, to judge themselves against. So! A book is a loaded gun in the house next door. Burn it. Take the short from the weapon. Breach man’s mind. Who knows who might be the target of the well-read man? You must understand that our civilization is so vast that we cannot have our minorities upset and stirred. Ask yourself, What do we want in this country, above all? #RandolphHarris 7 of 19

“People want to be happy, is that not right? Have you not heard it all your life? I want to be happy, people say. Well, are they not? Do we not keep them from moving, do we not give them fun? That is all we live for, is it not? For pleasure, for titillation? And you must admit our culture provides plenty of these,” (Pages 51, 53, 55, and 56 of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury). The Ugliest Man seems to be right, when we consider the support he receives from saints, theologians, and reformers. Martin Luther was as strongly grasped as the psalmist by the penetrating Presence of God. He stated that in every creature God is deeper, more internal, and more present than the creature is to himself, and that God embraces all things, is within all things. However, this most intimate Presence of God created the same feeling in Luther that it did in Nietzsche. He desired that God not be God. “I did not love God. I hated the just God…and was indignant towards Him, if not in wicked revolt, at least in silent blasphemy.” Following St. Bernard, the great master of religious self-observation, he continued, “We cannot love God, and therefore we cannot will Him to exist. We cannot want Him to be most wise…and most powerful.” When he recognized this hatred for God within himself, Luther was terribly shocked. #RandolphHarris 8 of 19

Luther was not able to escape as shrewdly as his theological masters, who recommended that he not think constantly of the searching Presence of God, and thus avoid the blasphemy of hating God. Luther knew that with the psalmist that no escape is possible. “Thou art behind and before me, and on every side of me, laying Thy Hand upon me.” God stands on each side of us, before and behind us. There is no way out. The pious man of the Old Testament, the mystical saint of the Middle Ages, the reformer of the Christian Church, and the prophet of atheism are all untied through that tremendous human experience: humans cannot stand the God Who is really God. Humans try to escape God, and hates Him, because they cannot escape Him. The protest against God, the will that there be no God, and the flight to atheism are all genuine elements of profound religion. And only on the basis of these elements has religion meaning and power. “All of them running about, putting out the stars and extinguishing the Sun. You come away lost, (page 59 Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury). Christian theology and religious instruction speak of the Divine Omnipresence, which is the doctrine that God is everywhere, and of the Divine Omniscience, which is the doctrine that God knows everything. It is difficult to avoid such concepts in religious thought and education. However, they are at least as dangerous as they are useful. #RandolphHarris 9 of 19

These doctrines make us picture God as a thing with superhuman qualities, omnipresent like an electric power field, and omniscient like a superhuman brain. Such concepts as “Divine Omnipresence” and “Divine Omniscience” transform an overwhelming religious experience into an abstract, philosophical statement, which can be accepted and rejected, defined, redefined, and replaced. In making God an object besides other objects, the existence and nature of which are matters of argument, theology supports the escape to atheism. It encourages those who are interested in denying the threatening Witness of their existence. The first step to atheism is always a theology which drags God down to the level of doubtful things. “Is it because we are having so much fun at home we have forgotten the World? Is it because we are so rich and the rest of the World is so poor and we just do not care if they are? I have heard rumors; the World is starving, but we are well fed. Is that why we are hated so much? I have heard the rumors about hate, too, once in a long while, over the years. Do you know why? I do not, that is sure. Maybe the books can get us half out of the cave. They just might stop us from making the same damn insane mistakes!” (page 70 Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury). The game of the atheist is then very easy. For one is perfectly justified in destroying such a phantom and all its ghostly qualities. #RandolphHarris 10 of 19

And because the theoretical atheist is just in one’s destruction, the practical atheist (all of us) are willing to use their argument to support our own attempt to flee God. Let us therefore forget these concepts, as concepts, and try to find their genuine meaning within our own experience. We all know that we cannot separate ourselves at any time from the World to which we belong. There is no ultimate privacy or final isolation. We are always held and comprehended by something that is greater than we are, that has a claim upon us, and that demands response from us. The most intimate motions within the depths of our souls are not completely our own. For they belong also to friends, to humankind, to the Universe, and to the Ground of all being, the aim of our life. Nothing can be hidden ultimately. It is always reflected in the mirror in which nothing can be concealed. Does anybody really believe that one’s most secret thoughts and desires are not manifest in the whole of being, or that the events within the darkness of one’s subconscious or in the isolation of one’s consciousness do not produce eternal repercussions? Does anybody really believe that one can escape from the responsibility for what one has done and thought in secret? “Guy’s surprise tonight is to read you one sample to show how mixed up things were, so none of us will ever have to bother our little old heads about that junk again, is that not right, darling?” (page 95 Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury). #RandolphHarris 11 of 19

Omniscience means that our mystery is manifest. Omnipresence means that our privacy is public. The centre of our whole being is involved in the centre of all being; and the centre of all being rests in the centre of our being. I do not believe that any serious person can deny that experience, no matter how one may express it. And if one has had the experience, one has also met something within one that makes one desire to escape the consequences of it. For humans are not equal to their own experience; one attempts to forget it; and one knows that one cannot forget it. “But remember that the Captain belongs to the most dangerous enemy to truth and freedom, the solid unmoving cattle of the majority. Oh, God, the terrible tyranny of the majority. We all have our harps to play. And it is up to you now to know with which ear you will listen,” (Page 104 Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury). Is there a release from that tension? It is possible to overcome the hatred for God and the will that there be no God, that there be no humans? Is there a way to triumph over our shame before the perpetual Witness and over the despair which is the burden of our inescapable responsibility? Nietzsche offers a solution which shows the utter impossibility of atheism. The Ugliest Man, the terminator of God, subjects himself to Zarathustra, because Zarathustra has recognized him, and looked into his depth with divine understanding. #RandolphHarris 12 of 19

The terminator of God finds God in humans. One has not succeeded in terminating God at all. God has returned in Zarathustra, and in the new period of history which Zarathustra announces. God is always revived in something or somebody; He cannot be murdered. The story of every atheism is the same. Probably the worst drawback is the ensuing alienation from the self. We cannot suppress or eliminate essential parts of ourselves without becoming estranged from ourselves. It is one of those changes gradually produced by neurotic process that despite their fundamental nature come about unobserved. The person simply becomes oblivious to what one really feels, likes, rejects, believes—in short, to what one really is. Without knowing it one may life the life of one’s image. Of course it is not possible to behave so without being inextricably caught in a web of paths and alleys of dusty tracks that link back together, and are loaded with unconscious pretense and rationalization, which makes for precarious living. The person loses interest in life because it is not one who lives it; one cannot make decision because one does not know what one really wants; if difficulties mount, one may be pervaded by a sense of unreality—an accentuated expression of one’s permanent condition of being unreal to oneself. #RandolphHarris 13 of 19

To understand such a state, we must realize that a veil of unreality shrouding the inner World is bound to extended to be extended to the outer. A patient recently epitomized the whole situation by saying: “If it were not reality, I would be quite all right.” Finally, although the idealized image is created to remove the basic conflict and in a limited way succeeds in doing so, it generates at the same time a new rift in the personality almost more dangerous than the original one. Roughly speaking, a person builds up an idealized image of oneself because one cannot tolerate oneself as one actually is. The image apparently counteracts this calamity; but having placed oneself on a pedestal, one can tolerate one’s real self still less and starts to rage against it, to despise oneself and to chafe under the yoke of one’s own unattainable demands upon oneself. One wavers then between self-adoration and self-contempt, between one’s idealized image and one’s despised image, with no solid middle ground to fall back on. While understanding that confession should happen spontaneously, our discipline of devotion ought to involve systematic confession as well. First, we must confess what we are, the ontological reality that we are truly sinners. Romans 3.9-20 is the text I have found most helpful on this point, for it repeatedly affirms that we are sinners—that, in fact, our entire being is tainted with evil. #RandolphHarris 14 of 19

It is most important that we regularly make this confession that we are sinners because, as regenerate people who are making some progress in spiritual growth, it is sinfully natural to falsely suppose we are rising above our condition—a delusion which testifies to our very depravity. Second, we must confess our specific sins. I would suggest making a list of our sins, for the act of writing them out helps materialize this personal reality for us. We must lay before God what is in us, not what ought to be within us. This done, we should confess each sin by its ugly name, and then thank God for His forgiveness through the blood of His Son. The importance of confession for the devotional life cannot be overstated. “If I had cherished sin in my heart, the Lord would not have listened,” reports Psalm 66.18; cf. Proverbs 28.13. Unconfessed sin makes the Heavens seem like brass. However, confession not only opens the Heavens, it also enhances out intimacy with God. Tell God all that is in your heart, as one unloads one’s heart to a dear friend. People who have no secrets from each other never want for subjects of conversation; they do not weigh their words, because there is nothing to be kept back. Neither do they seek for something to say; they talk out of the abundance of their heart—without consideration, just what they think. Blessed are they who attain to such familiar, unreserved intercourse with God. #RandolphHarris 15 of 19

The vision that underlies spiritual transformation into Christlikeness is, then, the vision of life now and forever in the range of God’s effective will—that is, partaking of divine nature (2 Peter 1.4; 1 John 3.1-2) through a birth “from above” and participating by our actions in what God is doing now in our lifetime on Earth. Thus, “whatever we do, speaking or acting, doing all on behalf of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks through Him to God the Father,” reports Colossians 3.17. In everything we are permitted to do His work. What we are aiming for in his vision is to live fully in the kingdom of God and as fully as possible now and here, not just hereafter. This is a vision of life that cannot come to us naturally, though the human soul-depths automatically cry out for something like it; and from time to time our deepest thinkers, visionaries, and artists capture aspects of it. It is a vision that has to be given to humanity by God Himself, in a revelation suited to our condition. We cannot clearly see it on our own. And that revelation has been given through His covenant people on Earth with the fullest flowering of the covenant people being Jesus Himself. Jesus was prepared for through centuries of rich and productive—though often painful—experience and thought among the people; through him people have fulfilled their God-given responsibility and blessing of being a light to all the peoples of the Earth. #RandolphHarris 16 of 19

Through God, indeed, all the nations of the Earth are and continue to be blessed and will be even more blessed in the future. “It is because of God that you are in Christ Jesus, who has become for us wisdom from God—that is, our righteousness, holiness and redemption,” reports 1 Corinthians 1.30. In other words, it is God Himself who chose us to be in Christ. However, the truth I want to call attention to in the passage is that Christ Jesus has become our righteousness, holiness, and redemption. That Christ is our righteousness is an accepted and well-understood truth and the basis for our justification. However, Christ is also our holiness. This fact is not as well understood. All Christians look to Christ alone for their justification, but not nearly as many also look to Him for their perfect holiness before God. The blessed truth, though, is that all believers are sanctified in Christ, even as we are justified in Christ. In ourselves, apart from Christ, we are both guilty and filthy. We are guilty of breaking God’s law, and we are filthy in God’s sight because of the vie, polluting effects of sin. We need both forgiveness from our guilt and cleansing from our filth. Through justification we are forgiven and are declared righteous in the courtroom of God’s justice. Through the perfect holiness we have in Christ, our moral filth is removed, and we become fit to enter the very presence of an infinitely holy God and enjoy fellowship with Him. #RandolphHarris 17 of 19

Let us face the fact, acknowledging human’s limitations, and cease bluffing ourselves or permitting ourselves to be bluffed by the self-styled Masters is the only way to our salvation. “And it came to pass that Laman was angry with me, and also with my father; and also was Lemuel, for he hearkened unto the words of Laman. Wherefore Laman and Lemuel did speak many hard words unto us, their younger brothers, and they did smite us even with a rod. And it came to pass as they smote us with a rob, behold, an Angel of the Lord came and stood before them, and he spake unto them, saying: Why do ye smite your younger brother with a rod? Know ye not that the Lord hath chosen him to be a ruler over you, and this because of your iniquities? Behold ye shall go up to Jerusalem again, and the Lord will deliver Laban into your hands. And after the Angel had spoken to unto us, he departed. And after the Angel had departed, Laman and Lemuel again began to murmur, saying: How is it possible that the Lord will deliver Laban into our hands? Behold, he is a mighty man, and he can command fifty, yea, even he can slay fifty; then why not us?” reports 1 Nephi 3.28-31. O God, Who hast willed that the gate of mercy should stand open to the faithful; look on us, and have mercy upon us; that we who by Thy grace are following the path of Thy will, may never turn aside from the ways of life; through Jesus Christ our Lord. #RandolphHarris 18 of 19

Merciful Lord, pardon all my sins of this day, week, year, all the sins of my life, sins of early, middle, and advanced years, of omission and commission, of morose, peevish and angry tempers, of lip, life and walk, of hard-heartedness, unbelief, presumption, pride, of unfaithfulness to the souls of humans, of want of bold decision in the cause of Christ, of deficiency in outspoken seal for His glory, of brining dishonor upon Thy great name, of deception, injustice, untruthfulness in my dealings with others, of impurity in thought, word and deed, of covetousness, which is idolatry, of substance unduly hoarded, improvidently squandered, not consecrated to the glory of thee, the great giver; sins in private and in the family, in study and recreation, in the busy haunts of humans, in the study of Thy word and in the neglect of it, in prayer irreverently offered and coldly withheld, in time misspent, in yielding to Satan’s wiles, in opening my heart to his temptations, in being unwatchful when I know Him nigh in quenching the Holy Spirit; sins against light and knowledge, against conscience and the restraints of Thy Spirit, against the law of eternal love. Pardon all my sins, known and unknown, felt and unfelt, confessed and not confessed, remembered or forgotten. Good Lord, hear; and hearing, forgive. #RandolphHarris 19 of 19

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Brighton Station at Cresleigh Ranch | Residence 3

BrightonStation Residence 3 is gorgeous, spacious, and your next home! This home has three different elevations and is 2,757 square feet.  😉 We especially love the open floor plan allowing for easy entertaining. 🙌 What’s your favorite feature? Comment below!

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