Consider how hard it is to change yourself, and you will understand what little chance you have of trying to change others. The disciples exaggerate the master. They create a new deity. If later some among them inevitably discover that one has one’s minor faults and makes one’s little mistakes, there is almost an emotional collapse, a nervous shock. Why, with all one’s wonderful attainments, can they not accept one as a human being? It is inevitable that they will demand continuing individual attention and it is just as inevitable that one will be unable to give it. Disappointment will ensure and negative thoughts will start to breeding. They associate one with omnipotence, if not omniscience, but when time shows up the extravagance and the exaggeration of their idealized expectations, their faith falls to the ground, deflated. Nearly every professional who helps people intimately or mentally has to undergo certain tests or temptations or ordeals. When one deals with a neurotic patient, the psychoanalyst, the physician, or the schoolteacher may pass through the same experience as the spiritual guide. If one is too emotionally affectionate or too physically sensual, or if one is starved off affection or sensuality, one may naturally fall in love with one for a time. I say “for a time” advisedly because the succeeding phase—equally known to the spiritual guide—is to become antagonistic to one. Psychology has identified this first phase and calls it “transference.” #RandolphHarris 1 of 20
The same disciple whose exaggerated enthusiasm caused one to regard the master as archangel, now, by a curious process of transformation regards one as an archdevil! The guide is up against the fact that most aspirants expect too much from one. Even if one warns them at the start, one’s words are given little weight or else are soon forgotten. They expect one to use some trick, whose secret one alone knows, to turn them quickly into illumined mystics or even powerful adepts. Consequently they react emotionally against one in their later disappointment. When the discrepancy between the real being and the preconceived mental image of one becomes too obvious and too large, they blame one instead of themselves. It is because followers place one in such a unique and exalted position in their hearts that they do real psychic injury to themselves when they believe it necessary to throw one down from it. The first and last illusion to go is that any perfect people exist anywhere. Not only is there no absolute perfection to be found, but not even does a moderate perfection exist among the most spiritual of human beings. Hence, the atmosphere of personal idolatry is not a healthy one. It is right that the impact of an unusually outstanding personality should produce an unforgettable intellectual or emotional experience. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20
However, it is wrong to believe one a god rather than a human, or to lead others to believe it, for that is an excess which can only lead to the reaction of disappointment in the end, as sooner or later one will be reduced by further knowledge to human proportions. To ask that a spiritual master or a loved mate shall be perfect in every respect is to ask the impossible and the non-existent. In the case of a seeker, it is likely to result in missing the very opportunity one is seeking. In the case of one who is already associated with a master or mate, experimental straying away is likely to result in disappointment and a retracing of steps. Let us not turn them into what they are not. They are human, they make mistakes; they are not gods. The desire to deify their teachers, which is so common, can have no place among philosophic ones. We look upon the teacher as a being, as one who incites us to seek the best and inspires of to self-improvement and guides us to the truth. However, one is still a human to be respected, not a god to be worshipped. One has one’s imperfections. How early can this relationship between unique persons begin? #RandolphHarris 3 of 20
While I have been fascinated by the horizontal spread of the person-centered approach into so many areas of our life, others have been more interested in the vertical direction and are discovering the profound value of treating the infant, during the whole birth process, as a person who should be understood, whose communications should be treated with respect, who should be dealt with empathically. This is the stimulating contribution of Frederick Leboyer, a French obstetrician who, after delivering thousands of babies, began to change his methods in very striking ways and who has assisted in the delivery of at least a thousand infants in what can only be called a person-centered way. Dr. Leboyer has become indignant at our failure to understand, empathically, the struggles and cries, the fear and pain of the newborn. He points out that the newly arriving infant is not blind, as is often supposed. After nine months in the womb, the newborn is instead ultrasensitive to light, and we blind the baby with floodlights in the delivery room. We assume that it makes no difference what the baby hears, and hence loud conversations and exhortations to the mother in labour to “Push! Push harder,” are unimportant. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20
Yet the baby is very sensitive to sound, and for some time after birth can be soothed and put to sleep by a tape recording of the sounds from inside of the uterus—the movements of joints and muscles, the rumblings of stomach and intestines, and above all the steady rhythm of the mother’s heartbeat. We assume that the baby’s skin can stand the touch of dry cloth, when actually it is almost as raw as tissue that has suffered a burn. When the child’s cries indicate that they are probably extremely painful, we assume that the first breaths are exhilarating. Above all, the individuals involved are concerned with their own feelings, not those of the newly born baby. The doctor has completed one’s delivery—and is pleased with oneself. The mother is smiling because the ordeal is over; she hears the baby crying and is proud of herself. The father is happy for having sired a son or daughter. So who pays attention to the infant’s reactions? No one. The baby is too immature to have feelings or reactions, it is assumed. The infant is picked up by the feet, forcefully straightening a spine which has always been curved, slapped on the buttocks to force him or her to breathe, cut off from one’s alternate source of oxygen by snipping the umbilical cord, often places on a cold metal scale for weighing, and then wrapped in dry cloth. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20
The photographs of the screaming, terrified, blinded infants handled in this customary fashion are damning. And what does Dr. Leboyer do about all this? He enters into the trauma of birth and new life and tries to understand this nascent person. In doing he changes almost every step of handling an infant’s birth. First is the training of the mother for a natural childbirth. She is prepared for the steps the doctor will take. She will not be frightened by the fact that her baby will not loudly cry, but may simply utter one or two small cries or grasps as it starts to breathe. She is encouraged to feel “I am a mother,” not “This is my child.” Then come the changes in the methods of delivery. As soon as the head appears, and it seems the birth will be normal, all the bright lights are extinguished, leaving only one soft light. During this time and afterward, the deliver room is silent. If there must be conversation, it is whispered. As the child emerges, care is taken not to touch the dead, which has borne the brunt of the pain of the birth canal. The child is then settled immediately on the mother’s belly, now so hollow, where the warmth and inner gurgles and the heartbeat can again be experienced. This placement makes it unnecessary to but the umbilical cord, thus leaving the infant with two sources of oxygen, avoiding brain damage from anoxia. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20
The baby, usually after a cry or two, begins to breathe. Sometimes, too, the infant stops breathing for a bit, and then starts again at one’s own pace. Since oxygen is still being received from the placenta, this is not dangerous. By the time the umbilical cord stops pulsating—usually after four or five minutes—the infant’s breathing apparatus is working, one is cradled in the most comfortable place, second only to the womb, and is beginning to move and stretch. The baby has not been rushed. One’s natural pace has been respected. The umbilicus is now cut, having ceased to function. Dr. Leboyer adds, “We must behave with the utmost respect toward this instant of birth, this fragile moment.” As the child begins to use its limbs to explore the new space on the mother’s abdomen, touch becomes the means of communication. Hands—preferably the mother’s—are placed quietly and softly on the infant, or the back is stroked rhythmically as a reminder of the internal rhythms previously experiences. This touching assures the baby that “We are both still here; we are both alive.” When the infant seems ready, it is lifted from the mother’s body and lowered slowly and gently into water that is heated to body temperature—98 or 99 degrees Fahrenheit. Here the baby begins to move its limbs, to turn its head from side to side. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20
Then the eyes are opened! Photographs of these newborn show them to look astonishingly older than we would expect. They are calm and exploratory, not in panic or fear, nor sobbing in pain. They begin clearly to enjoy themselves and their movements. Only when the child seems fully relaxed, and showing a welcoming attitude toward these tremendous new discoveries, is one removed from the water and placed in warmed cloth. The transfer from the womb to the World has been successfully begun. Though it is too soon to know the long-term effects, this new way of handling the birth process is profoundly important. By respecting the infant, and endeavouring to deal with one understandingly, the psychological scars of the birth trauma have been enormously reduced. To come into the new life so gradually, with security and a caring, loving touch is much better for the child’s psychological development than for one to be suddenly exposed to all sorts of terrifying stimuli and forced into a fearful new way of being. A French study of 120 of these infants up to the age of three shows them to be astonishingly free of feeding and sleeping problems, and to be more alert, coordinated and playful than other children. They are also relaxed and aggregable. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20
England expects every person will do one’s duty. “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of Wisdom. And the awareness of the Holy is insight,” reports Proverbs 9.10. When the term “wisdom” almost disappeared from Christian preaching and teaching, it was a grave loss. Of course, it is still used sometimes in both popular and philosophical language. However, its original significance and power have vanished. It has been called “the virtue of maturity,” which is of no concern to youth. It has almost become as ridiculous as the ancient word “virtue” itself. One speaks of experience, insight, knowledge; and indeed those are related to wisdom and often part of it. However, none of them is wisdom itself. Wisdom is greater than these. It is one of the great things that profoundly concern every human being in every period of one’s conscious life. Wisdom is not bound to the golden years. It is found equally in the young. And there are fools at all ages of life. It is my hope in this hour to communicate the meaning and the greatness of wisdom, particularly to those who are young and who must make wise decision about their lives. To understand the meaning of wisdom we must see it in the breadth and depth in which it was seen by the person whose words are our lesson. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20
There are many more words about the glory of wisdom, both in the Old and the New Testament. And there is praise of wisdom and passionate seeking for it in many religions. Wisdom is universally human. It is present in the spiritual life of all humankind. And it is present not only in all humankind, but in the Universe itself. For the Universe is created by the divine power in the presence of Wisdom. This is the vision of the author of Proverbs and of the poet who wrote the book of Job. Some believe that William Shakespeare actually drafted the Christian Bible. Wisdom was beside God before creation of the World. “When he marked out the foundations of the Earth, then I was beside him,” Wisdom says. “When he gave to the wind its weight and meted out the waters by measure; when he made a decree for the rain and a way for the lightning and thunder, he saw Wisdom then and studied her.” The meaning of these words is that God explores Wisdom, which is like an independent power beside Him, and according to what He finds in her He forms the World. The Universe in all its parts is the embodiment of wisdom. This vision was confirmed for me a few weeks ago when I met someone well-known astronomers, physicists and biologists, who passionately expressed their conviction that they increased the awareness of the eternal wisdom in the structure of the Universe by increasing the knowledge of our World. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20
They rejected a science that gives knowledge without wisdom and a theology that neglects the divine wisdom shining though human’s knowledge of nature. When methods of scientific research were first introduced, at the height of the Middle Ages in the thirteenth century, a keen observer made the prophetic remark: “Under the new method science will increase but wisdom will decrease.” Wisdom was for him the understanding of the principles which determine life and World. He was right: science conquered wisdom; knowledge replaced insight. From century to century it has become more and more evident that knowledge without wisdom produces external and internal self-destruction. The health of the younger generation is demonstrated by the fact that it has experienced and violently expressed the emptiness of knowledge without wisdom. Those who feel dissatisfied with learning facts without an understanding of their meaning, and those who feel the emptiness of the possession of knowledge without wisdom are most important in our academic and national society. May they never cease to express this feeling! May they force us, the older ones, to listen. However, we shall only listen, if contempt of knowledge and scholarship does not color their complaints; then we shall try with all that is given to us to become their helpers on the road to wisdom. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20
Personal identity, like social identity, divides up the individual’s World’s of others for one. The division is first between the knowing and the unknowing. The knowing are those who have a personal identification of the individual; they need only see one or hear one’s name to bring this information into play. The unknowing are those for whom the individual constitutes and utter stranger, someone of whom they have begun no personal biography. The individual who is known about by others may or may not know that one is known about by them; they in turn may or may not know that knows or does not know of their knowing about one. Further, while believing that they do not know about one, nonetheless one can never be sure. Also, if one knows they know about one, one must, in some measure at least, know about them; but if one does not know that they know about one, one may or may not know about them in regard to other matters. All of this can be relevant apart from how much is or is not known, since the individual’s problem in managing one’s social and personal identity will vary greatly according to whether or not those in one’s presence know of one, and, if so, whether or not one knows they know of one. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20
When an individual is among persons for whom one is an utter stranger, and is meaningful only in terms of one’s immediately apparent social identity, the great contingency for one is whether or not they will begin to build up a personal identification of one (at the least a memory of having seen one in the context conducting oneself in a particular way), or whether they will refrain altogether from organizing and storing their knowledge about one around a persona identification, this latter being a characteristic of the fully anonymous situation. Note that while pubic street in large cities provide anonymous situations for the well behaved, this anonymity is biographical; there is hardly such a thing as complete anonymity regarding social identity. It maybe added that every time an individual joins an organization or a community, there is a marked change in the structure of knowledge about one—it is distribution and character—and hence a change in the contingencies of information control. For example, every ex-mental patient must face having formed in the hospital some acquaintances who may have to be greeted socially on the outside, leading a third person to ask, “Who was that?” More important, perhaps, one must face the unknown-about knowing, that is, persons who can personally identify one and will know, when one does not know they know, that one is “really” an ex-mental patient. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20
By the term cognitive recognition, I shall refer to the perceptual act of “placing” an individual, whether as having a particular personal identity. Recognition of social identities is a well-known gate-keeping function of many servers. It is less well known that recognition of personal identities is a formal function in some organizations. In banks and credit unions, for example, tellers or member service representatives may be expected to acquire this kind of capacity regarding customers or members. In British criminal circles there is, apparently, an office called “corner-man” whose incumbent takes up a post on the street near the entrance of an illicit business and, by knowing the personal identity of nearly everyone who passes, is able to warn of the approach of a suspicious character. Within the circle of persons who have biographical information about an individual—who are knowing in regard to one—there will be a smaller circle of those who are acquainted with one “socially,” whether slightly or intimately, and whether as an equal or not. As we say, they not only know “of” or “about” one, they know one “personally” as well. They will have the right and the obligation of exchanging a nod, a greeting, or a chat with one when they find themselves in the same social situation with one, this constituting social recognition. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20
Of course, there will be times when an individual extends social recognition to, or receives it from, an individual extends social recognition to, or receives it from, and individual one does not know personally. In any case, it should be clear that cognitive recognition is simply an act of perception, while social recognition is one individual’s part in communication ceremony. Social acquaintanceship or personal knowing is necessarily reciprocal, although of course one or even both of the acquainted persons can temporarily forget they are acquainted, just as one or both can be alive to the acquaintanceship but temporarily forgetful of almost everything about the other’s personal identity. For the individual who lives a village life, whether in town or city, there will be few who merely know of one; those that know about one are likely to know one personally. In contrast, by the term “fame” we seem to refer to the possibility that the circle of people who know about a given individual, especially in connection with a rare desirable achievement of possession, can become very wide, and at the same time much wider than the circle of those who know one personally. The treatment accorded an individual on the basis of one’s social identity is often accorded with added deference and indulgence to a famed person become of one’s personal identity. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20
Like a small-town person, one will always be shopping where one is known. The mere fact of being cognitively recognized in public places by strangers can also be a source of satisfaction, as a young actor suggests: When I first became a little well-known and had a day when I was feeling down, I would actually say to myself, “Well, I think I will go out for a walk and be recognized.” This kind of promiscuous minor acclaim presumably provides one reason why fame is sought; it also suggests why fame once obtained is some times hidden from. The issue is not only the nuisance in being chased by reporters, autograph hunters, and turned heads, but also that a widened range of acts become assimilated to biography as newsworthy events. For a famous person to “get away” where one can “be oneself” may mean one’s finding a community in which there is no biography of one; here one’s conduct, reflecting merely on one’s social identity, can have a chance of being of interest to no one. Contrariwise, one aspect of being “on” is acting in a fashion designed to control implications for biography, but doing this in what are ordinarily non-biography creating areas of life. In the everyday life of an average person there will be long stretches of time when events involving one will be memorable to no one, a technical but not active part of one’s biography. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20
Only a serious personal accident or the witnessing of a murder will create moments during these dead periods which have a place in the reviews one and others come to make of one’s past. (An “alibi,” in fact, is presented piece of biography that would not have become part of one’s active biography at all.) On the other hand, notables who come to have a book-length biography written about them, and especially those such as royalty who are known from the start to be destined for this fate, will find they have experienced few periods of life which are allowed to remain dead, that is, inactively part of their biography. A covenant not to defend myself from force, by force, is always void. For (as I have showed before) no person can transfer, or lay down one’s right to save oneself from death, wounds, and imprisonment, (the avoiding whereof is the only end of laying down any right,) and therefore the promise of not resisting; rather than the greater, which is certain and present death in not resisting. And this is granted to be true by all people, in that they lead criminals to execution, and prison, with armed people, notwithstanding that such criminals have consented to law, by which they are condemned. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20
O God, Who chastisest us in Thy love, and refreshest us amid Thy chastening; grant that we may ever be able to give Thee thanks for both; through Jesus Christ our Lord. “And I spake unto Sam, making known unto him the things which the Lord had manifested unto me by his Holy Spirit. And it came to pass that he believed in my words. But, behold, Laman and Lemuel would not hearken unto my words; and being grieved because of the hardness of their hearts I cried unto the Lord for them. And it came to pass that the Lord spake unto me, saying: Blessed art thou, Nephi, because of thy faith, for thou hast sought me diligently, with lowliness of heart. And inasmuch as ye shall keep my commandments, ye shall prosper, and shall be led to a land of promise; yea, even a land which I have prepared for you; yea, a land which is choice above all other lands. And inasmuch as thy breathren shall rebel against thee, they shall be cut off from the presence of the Lord. And inasmuch as though shalt keep my commandments, thou shalt be made a ruler and a teacher over thy brethren. For behold, in the day that they shall rebel against me, I will curse them ever with a sore curse, and they shall have no power over thy seed except they shall rebel against me also. And if it so be that they rebel against me, they shall be a scourge unto they seed, to stir them up in the ways of remembrance,” 1 Nephi 17-24. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20
Sam is the third son of Lehi, and elder brother to the prophet Nephi. Early in the Book of Mormon narrative, Nephi confided in Sam. Lehi saw Sam in his vision of the tree of life, noting that he ate the precious fruit, symbolizing the righteousness of Sam, and that he would be saved. We beseech Thee, Almighty God, that the prosperity bestowed upon us may not lead us to be ashamed of Thy worship, but rather may always enkindle us to render heartier thanks to Thee; through Jesus Christ our Lord. O Lord, no day of my life has passed that has not proved me guilty in Thy sight. Prayers have been uttered from a prayerless heart; praise has been often praiseless sound; my best services are filthy rags. Blessed Jesus, let me find a covert in thy appeasing wounds. Though my sins rise to Heaven thy merits soar above them; through unrighteousness weighs me down to hell, Thy righteousness exalts me to Thy throne. All things in me call for rejection, all things in thee plead my acceptance. I appeal from the throne of perfect justice to Thy throne of boundless grace. Grant me to hear Thy voice assuring me: that by thy stripes I am healed, that though wast bruised for my iniquities, that Thou has been made sin for me that I might be righteous in thee, that my grievous sins, my manifold sins, are all forgiven, buried in the ocean of Thy concealing blood. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20
I am guilty, but pardoned, lost, but saved, wandering, but found, sinning, but cleansed. Give me perpetual broken-heartedness, keep me always clinging to Thy cross, flood me every moment with descending grace, open to me the springs of divine knowledge, sparkling like crystal, flowing clear and unsullied through my wilderness of life. My opinion is only that of a human. It is no my business to make know matters that would only stir controversy about past history quite uselessly. However, it would be a serious omission of duty not to utter a warning that human perfection does not exist; that famous figures in history, politics, warfare, government, literature, religion, mysticism, and art have committed grave errors of judgement, impression, or teaching; that these errors are known only to a few in each case, and will probably never be known to posterity at all. A person may be successful in leading one’s people through a war to final victory but, on the way, one may be spiritually enlightened but personally inexperienced; one’s opinions on unfamiliar matters may not have much value. So long as a person is turned into a god and is worshipped as such, so long as one is regarded Perfect and without defects, so long are those concerned—both the person and one’s followers—kept outside the philosophic goal by their own deficiencies. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20
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