Although it is usually difficult to find the person responsible for printers’ errors, the psychologic mechanisms underlying them are the same as in other mistakes. Typographical errors also well demonstrate the fact that people are not at all indifferent to such trivialities as mistakes, and, judging by the indignant reactions of the parties concerned, one is forced to the conclusion that mistakes are not treated by the public at large as accidents. An attitude is the disposition to behave in particular ways toward specific objects, and the degree of optimistic or pessimistic affect associated with some psychological object. Attitude can also be a predisposition to evaluate some symbol or objects, and a delimited totality of behavior with respect to something. A typesetter was imprisoned because instead of ending an article with the official formula ‘Heil Hitler,’ he inadvertently permitted a ‘t’ to attach itself to ‘Heil’ so that it read ‘Heilt Hitler,’ meaning ‘Heal Hitler’ instead of ‘Heil Hitler.’ His pleading that it was a mistake was of no avail. It seems that the Nazis who burned Dr. Freud’s works, nevertheless, recognize the truth of Dr. Freud’s teachings. This mistake plainly showed the typesetter’s view of Adolph Hitler’s personality. His mistake was unconsciously expressed his wish that the Lord may heal Hitler of his perceived tyranny. #RandolphHarris 1 of 5

Ordinarily, we should not have noticed one of the expected inevitable slips in writing. In fact, William Randolph Hearst said, “Do not be afraid to make a mistake, your readers might like it.” All writes for the press know what pits they are liable to fall into any day. Why does a mistake that glares and gibbers at you in print hide itself so successfully in the copy or the proof? How do you come to set down Rudolf when you mean Randolph? Some students of demonology believe firmly in the constant presence and maleficence of the writer’s devil. We venture to doubt the editor’s assumption of demonological influences. Examination of a great many typographical errors clearly shows that they are based on the mechanisms of a certain kind of situation. Psychologist believe that contributions of typographical and spoken errors sometimes provides evidence to support the postulated existence of stable, underlying attitudes within the individual which influences both his or her verbal expressions and actions. Adolph Hitler was the only person to hold the position of Fuhrer, which is a German word meaning leader or guide. Attitudes are alive and well and gainfully employed in the sphere of action. Despite the confusion, pessimism, and negative evidence some social psychologist refuse to give on their commitment to the belief that attitudes and behaviors must be related. #RandolphHarris 2 of 5

However, even those who are nearest to the Fuhrer and constantly sing his praises to the Germans, do not really believe what they say, as shown by the wireless from Berlin to the New York Times (12 November 1936), congratulating eighteen hundred boys and girls of the Hitler Youth for taking part in the mightiest Freiheitsbewegung (movement of liberty) in German History. Rudolf Hess, the vice-leader of the Nazi party, used instead the word Freiheitsberaubung (robbery of liberty). The last word appeared in the Lokalanzeiger and caused the publishers no small amount of annoyance. Abstract statements of a highly moral content are not seldom changed erotically through a typographical mistake. Though, the correlations that do occur are large enough to indicate that important causal forces are involved, whatever one’s model of the underlying causal process may be. Evidence must conclude that attitudes and behaviors are related under a variety of conditions and over a range of substantive areas. There is something to this relationship that is sufficient to suggest the operation of causal forces. To establish a pattern or a motive, measures of attitudes that range from a single survey, personal letters, multi-item scales, field observation, task performances, archival records, and self-reports of daily activities must be analyzed. Again, interpretations often vary. #RandolphHarris 3 of 5

When modest relations between variables are found repeatedly, social scientists frequently recite a litany of reasons that might explain the results. The measures of the variables are unreliable. The measures of the variables are unreliable. The measures are inappropriate or invalid. The independent variable is only one of several determinants of the dependent variable. If time elapses between the measurement of the independent and dependent variable, other variables intervene to mask the relationship or alter the variables under investigation. In one way or another, social psychologist have involved all of the above explanations for their findings regarding the relationship between attitude measures and behavioral criteria. A woman wrote to her sister, felicitating her on the occasion taking possession of a new spacious residence. A friend who was present noticed that the writer put the wrong address on the letter, and what was still more remarkable was the fact that she did not address it to the previous residence, but to one long ago given up, but which her sister had occupied when she first married. #RandolphHarris 4 of 5

When the friend called her attention to the incorrect address, the writer remarked, “You are right; but what in the World made me do this?”, to which her friend replied: “Perhaps you begrudge her the nice big apartment into which she has just moved because you yourself are cramped for space, and for that reason you put her back into her first residence, where she was no better off than yourself.” “Of course, I begrudge her new apartment,” she honestly admitted. As an afterthought she added, “It is a pity that one is so mean in such matters.” The growth of the mind is the widening of consciousness and each step forward has been a most painful and laborious achievement. If anyone should be inclined to overrate the state of our present knowledge of mental life, all that would be needed to force one to assume a modest attitude would be to remind one of the function of memory. Ego development inevitably entails the rejection of some parts of the person that are threatening a relatively painless experience of living. The unconscious mind often represents the individual’s discordant desires, instincts, or shortcomings. Because the conscious ego can only know itself, the contents of the Persona and the hidden messages reside in the unconscious. Father in Heaven, may we all learn to love unconditionally and treat each other with respect and workout or own problems instead of taking them out on innocent beings. Bless it be. #RandolphHarris 5 of 5