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I Did Not Bait the Hook with Strawberries and Cream

We must recognize what is not always recognized, that the growth of mind and character takes time, just as the growth of trunk and limbs takes time. A man does not begin to mature and become what he is likely to be until he is past thirty. Since involvement is not directly visible but can only be inferred through its conventional signs, actual involvement may be of little significance. What we want to know about is “effective” involvement, that is, the involvement that the actor and the others sense he is maintaining, or sense he is (or might be) sensed to be maintaining. A demand regarding engrossment is a demand on the inner spirit of the engrossed person. Naturally, at times his heart may not lie where the social occasion requires it to. In such cases a solution is to conceal improper involvement and to affect appropriate involvement. Another solution, of course, is for the disaffected individual to realize in advance that he will not be able or willing to comply with the involvement rulings and to refrain from entering the situation in the first place. A similar separation from the situation is sometimes provided by sympathetic others. Thus, if an individual must be given bad news that is likely to “break him up,” the giver may wait for a suitable moment when the recipient is off by himself, and there is not likely to be an immediate call for his situational presence. (An extreme example of how sympathetic others can help shelter an individual is found in the protective patterns of the male lower class, where someone who has become drunk, evincing in every inch of his manner that he is incapable of appropriate involvement, may be concealed bodily from the authorities by his friends and “buddies.”) #RandolphHarris 1 of 24

The recipient can then respond emotionally to the news he receives without doing damage in a wider social situation, where his plight might be appreciated but his response hardly permitted to everyone present. Given the fact that involvement signs must be signified and witnessed before the appropriateness of involvement allocation can be inferred, we may expect to find a variety of barriers to perception used as involvement shields, behind which individuals can safely do the kind of things that ordinarily result in negative sanctions. Because one perceives the individual’s involvement in reference to the whole context of his activity, involvement can be shielded by blocking perception of either bodily signs of involvement or objects of involvement, or both. Bedrooms and bathrooms are perhaps the main shielding places in Anglo-American society, bathrooms having special interest here because in many households these are the only rooms in which the solitary person can properly lock himself. And I may be only under these guaranteed conditions that some individuals will feel safe in manifesting certain situationally improper involvements. (Situational properties have, of course, pursued some categories of persons even here. There are convents where modesty is said to be maintained even when alone in the bathtub, apparently on the assumption that a deity is present. And during the sixteenth century, when travelers were obliged to share inn beds with strangers of the same gender, it was hoped, in theory at least, that the sleeper would conduct himself decorously during the night so as not unduly to disturb others in the situation.) #RandolphHarris 2 of 24

Every social establishment, in fact, has some crevices that provide this kind of shelter. At Central Hospital, for example, it was considered “unprofessional” for nurses to smoke outdoors on the grounds, for it seemed that smoking was felt to portray a self that was somehow insufficiently dedicated to the needy World of the patients. Student nurses walking through the tunnel that joined the two halves of the grounds would sometimes slow up and spitefully light a cigarette during their very brief period of low visibility. The horseplay they engaged in at this time was a further expression of “breaking role,” of enjoying what Everett C. Hughes has called “role release.” There are involvement shields that have the useful attribute of being portable. Thus, while women in European society no longer employ fans, let alone masks, to conceal a blush or a failure to blush, hands are now used to cover closed eyes that are obliged to be open (closed eyes, of course, do not always express the fact that the individual has departed from the gathering by dozing off. There are moments of pleasures of the flesh or chamber music listening when closed eyes may be a respectful sign of deep emotional involvement in the proceedings. In these cases, however, the eyes are shut in a special way to show that the person behind the eyelids is still present in a properly occasioned capacity.) and newspapers to cover moths that should not be open in a yawn. Similarly, in coercive institutions such as prisons, involvement in smoking may be concealed by cupping the cigarette in one’s hand. #RandolphHarris 3 of 24

A question to asked about the involvement shields is whether or not it is really felt to be legitimate to employ them, whether—to take the extreme case—it is permissible to go “out to play” when entirely alone. Thus, when a fully relaxed person is unexpectedly introduced upon by a visitor, both are likely to feel embarrassment. The discovered person does not quite have the right, apparently, to have been undressed interactionally, and the intruder does not quite have the right to have caught the others in his impropriety. The exception here, it should be added, has its own significance for us: given the status of the discovered person, there may be categories of discoverers, such as servants, courtiers, and young children, who do not have the social power to cause merely-situated acts to be performed with much of a situational covering. As a functional concomitant of this incapacity, these “nonpersons” often have the privilege of entering a room unannounced, without the preliminary warnings, such as a telephone call or a knock, that full persons are often obliged to give. Incidentally, it is just when an individual feels he is sheltered from others’ view, and suddenly discovers he is not, that we obtain the clearest picture of what he owes to the gathering, for at such moments of discovery the discovered individual is likely to assemble himself hurriedly, inadvertently demonstrating what he lays aside and what he puts on solely by virtue of the mere presence of others. In order to guard against these embarrassments, and in order to generate within himself other persons’ view of him, the individual may maintain presentability even when alone—thus forcing us to allow that situational behavior may occur even in the absence of an actual social situation. #RandolphHarris 4 of 24

Ordinarily we think of involvement shields as one means by which the individuals can maintain the impression of proper involvement while he is actually delinquent in his situational obligations. Interestingly enough, while the quite extensive forms of situational withdrawal that a psychotic patient sometimes employs may provide him with a needed way of defending himself against the past or the present, the consistent maintenance of this withdrawal may become at times a taxing necessity and a discipline all of its own. Hence some of these patients can be observed using involvement shields to conceal not a momentary lack of orientation in the situation but a momentary occurrence of it. The television screen, the Sunday funnies, and new visitors to the ward seem to provide special temptations, leading patients to show a lively interest when they think no one is observing them. The following modes of conduct have been recorded: the patient reveals that she is to focus on others when she is not involved herself and when she feels unobserved in the process. In situations in which this occurs and she discovers she is being observed, she quickly turns her attention inward. Even in the more usual case, however, where the shelter is employed to conceal withdrawal in the situation, we must not misunderstand the significance of using these devices. The use of a shelter says just as much for the power of situational obligations as it does for the tendency of person to seek some new means of squirming out of them. It is only when it is glaringly apparent that a shield is being used for such concealment, or when a shield could easily be used and is not, that instances of situational insolence occur. #RandolphHarris 5 of 24

An instance of situational insolence may be cited from my hospital field notes: Crowded ward for regressed females. A patient notices that her sanitary napkin is askew. She gets up from the bench and in an open methodical way starts fishing for the napkin by running her hand up her leg and under her skirt. However, even when she bends down, her hand cannot quite reach far enough. She stands up and nonchalantly drops her dress down off her shoulders, letting it fall to the floor. She then calmly fixes the napkin in place, and afterward pulls the dress back up again, all the while showing not unawareness but regal unconcern for the need of guile or subterfuge. The manner of her actions, not the aim of the action itself, expresses contempt for the situation. The idea of involvement shields has been stressed because it points out a very characteristic attribute of situated conduct. Since the domain of situational proprieties is wholly made up of what individuals can experience of each other while mutually present, and since channels or experience can be interfered with in so many ways, we deal not so much with a network of rules that must be taken into consideration, whether as something to follow or carefully to circumvent. Let one not be intimidated by history and believe that truth has appeared only in the past, or by geography and look for it only inside of one’s heart and mind. We may learn from everything and everyone, from every event and happening something that is new or a confirmation of something that is antiquated, something affirmative or something negative. Why limit the help you are willing to receive to a single quarter? All men are your teachers. Truth, being infinite, has an infinite number of aspects. Each spiritual guide is inclined to emphasize some only and to neglect the others. #RandolphHarris 6 of 24

I often went fishing up in Maine during the summer. Personally I am very fond of strawberries and cream, but I have found that for some strange reason, fish prefer worms. So when I went fishing, I did not think about what I wanted. I thought about what they wanted. I did not bait the hook with strawberries and cream. Rather, I dangled a worm or a grasshopper in front of the fish and said: “Would you not like to have that?” Why not use the same commonsense when fishing for people? That is what Lloyd George, Great Britain’s Prime Minister during World War I, did. When someone asked him how he managed to stay in power after the other wartime leaders—Wilson, Orlando and Clemenceau—had been forgotten, he replied that if his staying on top might be attributed to any one thing, it would be to his having learned that it was necessary to bait the hook to suit the fish. Why talking about what we want? That may not be the best thing to do. And absurd in some cases. Of course, you are interested in what you want. You are eternally interested in it. However, no one else is. The rest of us are just like you: we are interested in what we want. So the only way on Earth to influence other people is to talk about what they want and show them how to get it. Remember that tomorrow when you are trying to get somebody to do something. If, for example, you do not want your children to smoke, do not preach at them, and do not talk about what you want; but show them that cigarettes may keep them from making the basketball team or winning the hundred-yard dash. #RandolphHarris 7 of 24

Every act you have every performed since the day you were born was performed because you wanted something. How about the time you gave a large contribution to the Red Cross? Yes, that is no exception to the rule. You gave the Red Cross the donation because you wanted to lend a helping hand; you wanted to do a beautiful, unselfish, divine act. “Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me.” If you had not wanted that feeling more than you wanted your money, you would not have made the contribution. Of course, you might have made the contribution because you were ashamed to refuse or because a customer asked you to do it. However, one thing is certain. You made the contribution because you wanted something. Action springs out of what we fundamentally desire…and the best piece of advice which can be given to would-be persuaders, whether in business, in the home, in the school, in politics, is: First, arouse in the other person an eager want. One who can do this has the whole World with him. He who cannot walks a lonely way. If there is any one secret of success, it lies in the ability to get the other person’s point of view and see things from that person’s angle as well as from your own. However, I do not know. Some people are so ignorant that nothing you say matters. When a business continually does something wrong that has serious consequences, you can take the time to compliment them on something nice and then get to the meat and potatoes of the situation, and they will still have a foul attitude. Some people and some businesses are just unreasonable. That is when you take the matter to a lawyer to reach a resolution. #RandolphHarris 8 of 24

Thousands of people are pounding the pavement today, tired, discouraged and underpaid. Why? Because they are always thinking only of what they want. They do not realize that neither you nor I want to buy anything. If we did, we would go out and buy it. However, both of us are enterally interested in solving our problems. And if salespeople can show us how their services or merchandise will help us solve our problems, they will not need to see us. We will buy. And customers like to feel that they are buying—not being sold. Yet many salespeople spend a lifetime in selling without seeing things from the customer’s angle. You have to be genuinely interested in helping the person you are trying to sale something to. If your goal is to get them into a home, then it is a good idea to find out what they desire, take them to see the home of their dreams, and then talk about price, budget and financing options. They may decide they can afford more than they thought they can and want to look at more houses, or they may need to look at homes that are more in their price range. But no matter what, let them know that your homes are quality and they will be happy no matter what size the house is. And enthusiasm always arouses an eager want in the buyer to purchase a home. The World is full of people who are grabbing and self-seeking. So the rare individual who unselfishly tries to serve others has an enormous advantage. People who can put themselves in the place of other people, who can understand the workings of their minds, need never worry about what the future has in store for them. The goal of being helpful and well liked is to think always in terms of other people’s point of view, and see things from their angle, and that may be one of the building blocks of your career. #RandolphHarris 9 of 24

Looking at the other person’s point of view and arousing in one an eager want for something is not to be construed as manipulating that person so that one will do something that is only for your benefit and that individual’s detriment. Each party should gain from the negotiation. Many people go through college and learn to read Jean-Jacques Rousseau and master the mysteries of calculus without ever discovering how their own minds function. Self-expression is the dominant necessity of human nature. Remember: First, arouse in the other person an eager want. One who can do this had the whole World one. However, remember, if you do not follow up with an attractive offer, people’s tastes and preferences have a tendency to change, and they may more on to something better. To think more clearly about patterns of interactions, it will be useful to distinguish two classes of determinants. Proximity factors determine how agents come to be likely to interact with each other. Activation factors determine the sequencing of their activity. The distinction, with good reason, roughly generalizes that between space and time. The term “proximity” focuses attention on the many factors that make particular agents likely to interact. The most obvious of these factors is the physical space in which buyers and sellers, frogs and lily pads, Democrats and Republicans, friend and foe, all play out their lives. Nearby location in two-dimensional or three-dimensional physical space makes interaction events more likely for a wide range of processes, from pollination and friendship formation to predation and enemy formation. #RandolphHarris 10 of 24

Physical proximity is not the only kind of proximity. Normally, we pay less attention to a host of other relational networks that establish proximity, such as organizational hierarchies, old friendship bonds, or community group affiliations. However, these factors also determine which agents are likely to interact, and thus profoundly influence the spread of rumor and disease, the finding of jobs and marriage partners, and the occurrences of crimes and kindness. As the technologies of information advance, the workings of these factors become ever less connected to physical space. Friendships can be sustained by long-distance telephone calls. Communities of common interest can form through the World Wide Web. This sampler of proximity factors has mostly been discussed as a set of static forms within which fast processes play out—hunting grey in physical space, or finding jobs in friendship networks. However, the Complex Adaptive Systems research often shows that on larger time scales the relationship can be reversed. In the short run, neighbourhoods shape the choices of house buyers, but housing purchases ultimately shape the neighbourhoods. A structure that seems fixed in a short time frame may be changeable in a longer one. Here again we have coevolutionary dynamics. Just as with movement that alters spatial distance, so most of the other proximity factors mentioned have associated change processes. Functional relationships in business are reorganized to move some groups closer together and to move others farther apart (whether or not their offices are moved). Friendship links form and dissolve. Community groups are joined and left, formed and disbanded. Barriers and boundaries are deliberately introduced into systems (physical and social) with the aim of altering the rates of interactions among types. #RandolphHarris 11 of 24

The term “activation” groups together many different processes that affect the timing of agent activity. Just as many different factors can be analogs of physical distance in determining interaction likelihoods, so many factors can alter the temporal structure of events. Complex Adaptive Systems research often shows that it is valuable to distinguish systems with externally “clocked” activations, such as budget cycles or seasonally triggered agricultural processes, from internally activated processes in which the results of the current event control which events may next occur. An example of an externally activated system is John Conway’s famous computer simulation know as the Game of Life. The simulation produces its striking patterns only when all the agents act in simultaneous lockstep. Some examples of internal activation are: the movement of a sand grain in a pile that makes other grains more likely to move; the activation of a neuron that makes other neurons more likely to reach their activation thresholds; and the mobilization activities of a citizen, making those who are socially proximate more likely to become active. The difference between external activation processes can be profound. Markets where every actor can trace one unit per session will work very differently from markets where the actors with the strongest demands can trade much more frequently than others. In nonmonogamous biological populations, females often follow the once-per-time-period principle (based on time required for pregnancy), while the activity of males may be limited only by mating opportunities. #RandolphHarris 12 of 24

By virtue of this difference in their activation process, females and males have quite different impacts on the composition of subsequent generations. A particularly fit male may have many matings and therefore very many copies of its genes to a rather smaller number of additionally surviving offspring. Such biological systems are striking in the way they simultaneously make use of the intense and diffuse interaction modes. In designing a Complex Adaptive System, there is often some freedom to assign powers of activation more globally. It is the difference between “fire at will” and “ready, aim, fire.” In Anglo-American intellectual traditions, decentralization is normally assumed to be an advantage. It is typical to expect the adaptive capacity of a system—especially a firm or market—to be increased when events can be activated locally and flexibly rather than globally and rigidly. However, it is essential to point out that adaptive capacity is two-edged. As we saw in the simple case of population effects of organism death, adaptive capacity can speed extinction as well as increase viability. Allowing financial traders to respond to local conditions can let them quickly exploit short-lived arbitrage possibilities. However, when globally determined prices contradict traders’ assumptions, it can also let them make a rapid sequence of ever-riskier trades to cover their own losses. In the past, we have found that exploration is not always preferable. Similarly, we see here that neither greater internal control over activation nor higher activation rates are necessarily better. #RandolphHarris 13 of 24

Once again there is an importance trade-off principle inherent in these observations about interaction patterns. It is not identical to “explore versus exploit,” but it has a similar flavor. Where structural arrangements affecting proximity or activation are designed or analyzed, a major question is whether interactions will be concentrated among a few pairs of types or will be spread across a wide range of type pairings. The interactions might be accomplishing any mix of exploring and exploiting, which is why the trade-off between intense versus diffuse interactions among types. Over time, are the interactions of an agent repeatedly with others from a limited number of types, or with others drawn from a wider range of types? For example, in many countries children stay together in stable groups and keep the same teacher as they move though elementary grades. In North America, by contrast, children tend to have new teachers each year. Where schools are large, the groupings of children are also shuffled. Comparatively speaking, children in the former system have what we are calling intense interaction patterns. The other children and teachers are the same for many years. The latter system is more diffused, with new children and teachers entering a child’s life each year. The concern that commonly arises in the schooling system with intense interaction is about insufficient exploration and loss of variety. Children and teachers may become stuck in their ways. The frequent concern about the diffuse system is prior accomplishments and strengths may not be fully exploited in subsequent classes with new teachers and schoolmates. However, there is nothing inherent about this alignment. #RandolphHarris 14 of 24

Diffuseness of type interactions can also favor exploitation. This is what happens in our example of nonmonogamous males, who interact with many females, allowing the population to exploit the advantages of their genes. The point about the intense/diffuse trade-off is that it alerts us to a set of questions that need to be asked about how the channeling of proximity and activation in a Complex Adaptive System will affect the exploration-exploitation balance, alone with other aspects of the system. Those question are very important to ask, but the answers must be railed to the specific circumstances. These trade-offs are fundamental to “edge of chaos” arguments that have received wide attention. Their underlying claim is that evolutionary systems tend to structure diffuseness of their interaction patterns to achieve a good balance between exploration and exploitation. A typical example of such arguments is the work of Stuart Kauffman, posting that evolutionary process adjust what we are calling intensity of proximity and activation so that systems are likely to avoid both “premature convergence” and “eternal boiling.” The “edge of chaos” claim has been much debated, but the debate is whether some parts of nature tend to a particular balance in the trade-offs we have described, not whether the trade-offs exist. Kauffman believes that systems turned to a favourable balance between exploration and exploitation will tend differentially to survive. This notion of differential survival raises a set of fundamental issues we will discuss in the future. #RandolphHarris 15 of 24

Picture a rivalry between the United States of America and Japan to develop a hologram TV projection. Although the United States of America has a technological edge, it also has more limited resources owing to accumulated budget deficits. The Japanese play off this handicap and once again beat the United States of America. However, a strategic move that at first glance appears to handicap the United States of America further can chance all that. In the absence of any unconditional moves, Washington and Tokyo simultaneously choose their strategies. Each country decides between a low or high level of research and development effort; a high-effort level shortens development time, incurring much greater costs. We depict this as a game, and set up the payoff table. Each side has two strategies, so there are four possible outcomes. We suppose both sides regard a high-effort race as the worst scenario—the Japanese because the United States of America is more likely to win an all-out race, and the United States of America because of the greater cost. Call this payoff 1 for each side. Each side’s second worst outcome (payoff 2) is pursuing low effort while the other goes all out: this is spending money with little chance of success. The Japanese like best (labeled as payoff 4) the situation in which they pursue high effort and the United States follows low effort; their chances of winning are high, and resource costs matter less for them. #RandolphHarris 16 of 24

For the United States of America, the best situation is when both sides make low effort; they are likely to win at low cost. Low effort is the dominant strategy for the United States of America. The problem for the United States of America is that the Japanese can anticipate this. The Japanese best response is to follow high effort. The equilibrium of the game is the top right cell, where the United States of America gets its second worst payoff. To improve its position calls for a strategic move. Suppose the United States of American preempts. It announces it unconditional effort level before the Japanese reach their decision. This turns the simultaneous-move game into a sequential-move game, one in which the United States of America goes first. The table turns into a tree. (It takes a clever carpenter to turn a tree into a table; a clever strategist knows how to turn a table into a tree.) This game is solved by looking forward and reasoning back. If the United States of America pursues low effort, the Japanese respond with high, and the U.S.A. payoff is 2. If the United States of America pressures high effort, the Japanese respond with low, and the U.S.A. payoff is 3. Therefore the United States of America should announce high, and expect the Japanese to respond low. This is the equilibrium of the sequential-move game. It gives the United States of America a payoff of 3, more than the 2 it got in the simultaneous move game. The strategic move that brings the United States of America this advantage is a unilateral and unconditional declaration of its choice. The choice is not what the United States of America would have made in simultaneous lay. This is where the strategic thinking enters. #RandolphHarris 17 of 24

The United States of America has nothing to gain by declaring the choice of low effort; the Japanese expect that anyway in the absence of any declaration. To behave strategically, you must commit not to follow your equilibrium strategy of the simultaneous-move game. The strategic move changes Japanese expectations, and therefore their response. Once they believe that the United States of America is committed to high effort, the Japanese will choose low effort. Of course, after the Japanese choose their path, the United States of America would do better to change its mind and switch to low effort, too. This raises several questions: Why should the Japanese believe the U.S.A declaration? Would they not anticipate a change of mind? And if they anticipate such a reversal, would they not choose high effort? In other words, the credibility of the U.S.A unconditional first move is suspect. Without credibility, the move has no effect. Most strategic moves must confront this problem of credibility. Recall that although the politician’s pledge not to raise taxes is unconditional, it is not irreversible. Once elected, excuses are often found to raise taxes. Conditional rules are also subject to exceptions when the time comes; the mandatory sentence is waived when a neurologist uses an illegal handgun in self-defense against a deranged patient. To give a strategic move credibility, you have to take some other supporting action that makes reversing the move too costly or even impossible. Credibility requires a commitment to the strategic move. In the case of Stalin’s threat to starve the enemy, burning the fields made his threat credible. In other situations, credibility is a matter of degree. #RandolphHarris 18 of 24

Precedent in the legal system gives credibility to the mandatory sentencing rule (in most cases); for politicians’ promises, exceptions are more the rule. In the race for high-definition TV, the United States of America might commit funds to which interested companies can lay claim in order to make Research and Development effort credible. Strategic moves thus contain two elements: the planned course of action and the commitment that makes this course credible. Conspiracy theories picture cabals of American capitalist hatching strategies to take over the World and control the economic destiny of the planet. The reality is that the United States of America lacks anything even approximating a coherent or long-term strategy for dealing with a World divided—for the first time—into three different wealth systems. So does everyone else. America’s intense focus on the immediate reflects the culture of impatient Americans—children of the “Now Generation” as Pepsi ads once put it. When the cola company used that slogan, “now” lasted longer. In today’s multitasking, on-the-fly generation, now itself has become a nano now. Thus, in the United States of America, Hollywood and the other media glamorize heroes who “shoot from the hip” rathe than those who think ahead and plan. Watching a car chase on the screen is a lot more visually exciting than watching people thing. When American politicians do, on rare occasions, refer to problems in the long-term future, they typically refer to individual institutions or narrowly specific programs rather than to systemic issues. #RandolphHarris 19 of 24

And when Americans do look beyond one term of office, the opposition derides them as wooly-headed, dreamy and unrealistic. As a key official in Washington—who does think about big problems decades ahead—told us with sorrow, “Congress thinks a one- or two-year budget is a strategy.” One White House national security adviser was even heard to say he had no time for strategy, and that strategy is only a label pinned on actions after they have already been taken. This focus on the immediate is present in business as well. In recent years, management gurus have told business leaders that things are moving too fast for companies to bother with strategy. What is needed, these experts tell us, is not strategy but agility. If companies and countries are just adaptive enough, flexible enough and quick enough, they do not need strategy. Agility is, of course, absolutely vital. However, agility without strategy is reactive. It merely subordinates a person, a company or a country, for that matter, to someone else’s strategy—or simply to chance. Strategies, like the humans who produce them, are always faulty. And they must obviously be flexible, subject to rapid reformulation. Indeed, smart strategies must take into account not just the speed of change today but its further acceleration tomorrow. Admittedly, all this is easy to say and extremely hard to do. Yet simply substituting agility for strategy is like rushing madly to the nearest airport and letting the pushing and shoving crowd carry us along to whatever gate it chooses. Tokyo or Tehran, without our luggage, no doubt, in Timbuktu. However, in fact, we do car. And we must. Because tomorrow will belong to those who do—inside or outside America. #RandolphHarris 20 of 24

Human meddling with life in the biosphere has caused enormous ecological disruptions. This has not involved genetic engineering—by twisting organisms to better serve human purposes, genetic engineering usually leaves them less able to serve their own purposes, less able to survive and reproduce in the wild. The great disruptions have come from a different source: from globe-traveling humans beings taking aggressive, well-adapted species from one part of the planet to another, landing them on a distant island or continent to invade an ecosystem with no evolved defenses. This has happened again and again. Australia is a class case. It had been isolated long enough to evolve its own peculiar species quite unfamiliar elsewhere: kangaroos, koalas, duckbilled platypuses. When humans arrived, they brought new species. Whoever brought the first rabbits could not have guessed that they of all creatures, would be so destructive. They soon overran the continent, destroying crops and grazing lands, unchecked by natural competitors or predators. They were joined by invaders from the plant kingdom: the prickly pear and others. The Americas have suffered invasions, too: tumbleweed, a bane of the rancher and farmer, is a relatively recent important from Central Asia. Since 1956, Africanized bees have been spreading from Brazil and moving north—but what they displace, in America, are European bees. Africa, in turn, is being invaded by the America screw-worm fly, an insect with larvae that enter an animal’s wounds, including the umbilical wound of a newborn, and eat it alive. The story goes on and on. #RandolphHarris 21 of 24

People have sometimes tried, with a measure of success, to fight fire with fire: to bring in parasitic species and diseases to attack the imported species and keep its growth within some reasonable bounds. Australia’s problem with prickly pear was tackled using an insect from Argentina; the rabbits were cut back—with mixed results—using a viral disease called myxomatosis: “rabbit pox.” The information revolution pushes us still further in the direction of mosaic power by encouraging businesses, as it were, to go out shopping. Instead of trying to do more work in-house, and thus “vertically integrating” themselves, many large firms are shifting work to outside suppliers, making it possible to scale their size down even further. The traditional way to coordinate production was the way John D. Rockefeller did it with Standard Oil at the turn of the century—by trying to control and perform every step in the production-distribution cycle. Thus Standard, before it was broken up by the U.S. government in 1911, pumped its own oil, transported it in its own pipelines and tankers, cracked it in its own refineries, and sold it through its own distribution network. When, to choose another example at random, Ernest T. Weir built National Steel into the most profitable U.S. steel producer in the 1930s, he started with a single ramshackle tin mill. From the starts, he knew he wanted to “completely integrated” operation. Eventually, National controlled its own iron ore sources, dug its own coal, and operated its own transportation system. Weir was regarded as one of the “great organizers” of American industry. #RandolphHarris 22 of 24

In those companies, at each stage, a monolithic hierarchy of executives determined schedules, fixed inventories, fought over internal transfer prices, and made decisions centrally. This was command management—a style perfectly familiar to Soviet planning bureaucrats. By contrast, today Pan America World Airways contracts out to other all “belly freight” space on its transcontinental flights. GM and Ford announce they will increase their “outsourcing” to 55 percent. Vertical Integration of multinational has become obsolete. Even large government agencies are increasingly farming out operations to private contractor. The alternative to vertical integration allows competition to coordinate production. In this system, firms must negotiate with one another to win the right to carry out each successive stage of production and distribution. Decisions are decentralized. However, a lot of time, energy, and money is spent on setting and monitoring specifications and in gathering and communicating the information needed in negotiation. Each method had its pros and cons. A benefit of doing things in-house is control over supply. Thus, during a recent Worldwide shortage of D-RAM semiconductor chips, IBM emerged unscathed because it made its own. Today, however, the costs of vertical integration, in terms of money and additional bureaucracy, are both soaring, while the costs of gathering market information and negotiating are plummeting—largely because of electronic networking and the information revolution. #RandolphHarris 23 of 24

Better yet, the company that buys from many outside suppliers can take advantage of a breakthrough in technology without having to buy the new technology itself, retrain its workers, and make thousands of small changes in procedure, administration, and organization. In effect, it pushes much of the cost of adaptation out the front door. By contrast, doing things in-house produces dangerous rigidity. Often, doing it inside is also more expensive. Unless forced to compete against outside suppliers, the in-house provider of components or services becomes, in effect, an “internal monopoly” able to foist higher prices on its own in-house customers. To keep this monopoly going, inside suppliers typically hoard performance objectively against outside competitors. This control of technical and accounting information makes it politically difficult to break the internal monopoly. However, here again we find information technology driving change by undermining these knowledge-monopolies. A recent M.I.T. study in companies like Xerox and General Electric points out that “computerized inventory control systems and other forms of electronic integration allow some of the advantages” of vertical integration to be retained when work is shifted outside. The plummeting cost per unit of computerized information also improves the position of small outside suppliers, which means that, increasingly, goods or services become the product not of a single monolithic firm but of a mosaic of firms. The mosaic created by profit centers inside the firm is paralleled by the creation of a larger mosaic without. #RandolphHarris 24 of 24

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Located off Douglas Road and Rancho Cordova Parkway, the residents of Cresleigh Ranch will enjoy, being just minutes from shopping, dining, and entertainment, and quick access to Highway 50 and Grant Line Road providing a direct route into Folsom. Residents here also benefit from no HOA fees, two community parks and the benefits of being a part of the highly-rated Elk Grove Unified School District. https://cresleigh.com/mills-station/
The First Day in Kindergarten, You Cried Because You Broke the Yellow Crayon

The only way out of today’s misery is for people to become worthy of each other’s trust. In American society, it appears that the individual is expected to exert a kind of discipline or tension in regard to one’s body, showing that one has one’s faculties in readiness for any face-to-face interaction that might come one’s way in the situation. Often this kind of controlled alertness in the situation will mean suppressing or concealing many of the capacities and roles the individual might be expected to display in other settings. Whatever one’s other concerns, then, whatever one’s merely situated interests, the individual is obliged to “come into play” upon entering the situation and to stay “in play” while in the situation, sustaining this diffused orientation at least until one can officially take oneself beyond range of the situation. In short, a kind of “interaction tonus” must be maintained. In considering the conduct through which this aliveness to the situation is demonstrated it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that an attachment to, and respectful regard for, the situation’s participants and the encompassing social occasion is being avowed. And in considering the marked infraction of these rules in mental hospital wards, it is difficult to escape the conclusion that failure to exhibit “presence” is a normal, understandable expression of alienation from, and hostility to, the gathering itself and the officials in it. One of the most evident means by which the individual shows oneself to be situationally present is through the disciplined management of personal appearance or “personal front,” that is the complex of clothing, make-up, hairdo, and other surface decorations one carries about on one’s person. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20

In public places in Western society, the male of certain classes is expected to present himself in the situation neatly attired, shaven, his hair combed, hands and face clean; female adults have similar and further obligations. It should be noted that with these matter of personal appearance the obligation is not merely to possess the equipment but also to exert the kind of sustained control that will keep it properly arranged. (And yet, in spite of these rulings, we may expect to find, in such places as New York subway during the evening rush hour, that some persons, between scenes, as it were, may let expression fall from their faces in a kind of temporary uncaring and righteous exhaustion, even while being clothed and made up to fit a much more disciplined stance.) A failure to present oneself to a gathering in situational harness is likely to be take as a sign of some kind of disregard for the setting and its participants; gross cultural distance from the social World of those present may also be expressed. These expensive implications of well or badly ordered personal appearance are often discussed in etiquette books, sometimes quite aptly: But even in a casual encounter, and upon occasions when your habit can have no connexion with the feelings and sentiments which you have towards those whom you meet, neat and careful dressing will bring great advantage to you. A negligent guise shows a man to be satisfied with his own resources, engrossed with his own notions and schemes, indifferent to the opinion of others, and not looking abroad for entertainment: to such a man no one feels encouraged to make any advances. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20

A finished dress indicates a man of the World, one who looks for and habitually finds, pleasure in society and conversation, and who is at all times ready to mingle to intercourse with those whom he meets with; it is a kind of general offer of acquaintance, and provides a willingness to be spoken to. An interesting expression of the kind of interaction tonus that lies behind the proper management of personal appearance is found in the constant care exerted by men in our society to see that their trousers are buttoned and that their jewels are not apparent. Before entering a social situation, they often run through a quick visual inspection of the relevant parts of their personal front, and once in the situation they may take the extra precaution of employing a protective cover, by either crossing the legs or covering the crotch with a newspaper or a book, especially if self-control is to be relaxed through comfortable sitting. A parallel to this concern is found in the care that women take to see that their legs are not apart, exposing their upper thighs and underclothing. The universality in our society of this kind of limb discipline can be deeply appreciated on a chronic female ward where, for whatever reason, women indulge in zestful expressions that may not be considered “ladylike,” causing the student to become conscious of the vast amount of limb discipline that is ordinarily taken for granted. A similar reminder of one’s expectations concerning limb discipline can be obtained from the limb movements required of mature women in getting out of the front seat of a car. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20

Just as some people would seem ever to be concerned about the direction and height of one’s seat, so the individual in our society, while “in situation,” is constantly oriented to keeping “physical” signs of capacities involving pleasures of the flesh concealed. And it is suggested here that these parts of the body when exposed are not a symbol of pleasures of the flesh merely, but of a laxity of control over the self—evidence of an insufficient harnessing of the self for the gathering. As has been suggested, the importance of a disciplined management of personal front is demonstrated in many ways by the mentally sick. A typical sign of an oncoming psychosis is the individual’s “neglect” of his appearance and personal hygiene. The classic home for these improprieties is “regressed” wards in mental hospitals, where those with a tendency in this direction are collected, at the very same time that conditions remarkably facilitate this sort of disorientation. (Here, dropping of personal front will be tolerated, and sometimes even subtly approved, because it can reduce problems of ward management.) Similarly, when a mental patient starts “taking an interest in his appearance,” and makes an effort at personal grooming, he is often credited with having somehow given up his fight against society and having begun his way back to “reality.” One of the most delicate components of personal appearance seems to be the composition of the face. A very evident means by which the individual shows oneself to be situationally present is by appropriately controlling through facial muscles the shape and expression of the various part of this instrument. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20

Although this control may not be conscious to any extent, it is none the less exerted. We have party faces, funeral faces, and various kinds of institutional faces, as the following comments on life in prison suggests: Every new inmate learns to dog-face, that is to assume an apathetic characterless facial expression and posture when viewed by authority. The dog-face is acquired easily when everyone freezes or relaxes into immobility. The face is that typical of streets, of social occasions, of all concealment. Relaxation comes when inmates are alone: there is an exaggeration of the smiling effervescence of the “friendly” party. The face that is protective by day is aggressively hardened and hate-filled by night, against the stationed or pacing guard. Tensity and dislike follow assumption of the face, guards react with scrupulous relaxedness, holding the face “soft” with an effort often accompanied by slight trembling hands. An interesting fact about proper composition of the face is that the ease of maintaining it in our society would seem to decline with age, so that, especially in the social class groupings whose women long retain an accent on beauty and attractiveness, there comes to be an increasingly long period of time after awakening that is required to get the face into shape, during which the individual in one’s own eyes is not “presentable.” A point in age is also reached when, given these youthful standards of what a face in play should look like, there will be viewing angles from which an otherwise properly composed face looks to have insufficient tonus. Let man begin to think about the mystery of his life and the links which connect him with life that fills the World, and he cannot but bring to bear upon his own life and all other life that comes within hi reach the principle of reverence for life. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20

On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay dying in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging house directly across the street from Ford’s Theater, where John Wilks Booth had shot him. Lincoln’s long body lay stretched diagonally across a sagging bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction of Rosa Bonheur’s famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal gas jet flicked yellow light. As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, “There lies the most perfect ruler of men that the World has ever seen.” What was the secret of Lincoln’s success in dealing with people? I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for ten years and devoted all of three years to writing and rewriting a book entitled Lincoln the Unknown. I believe I have made as detailed and exhaustive a study of Lincoln’s personality and home life as it is possible for any being to make. I made a special study of Lincoln’s method of dealing with people. Did he indulge in criticism? Oh, yes. As a young man in the Pigeon Creek Valley of Indiana, he not only criticized but he wrote letters and poems ridiculing people and dropped these letters on the country roads where they were sure to be found. One of these letters aroused resentment that burned for a lifetime. Even after Lincoln had become a practicing lawyer in Springfield, Illinois, he attacked his opponents openly in letters published in the newspapers. However, he did this just too often. In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed a vain, pugnacious politician by the name of James Shields. Lincoln lampooned him through an anonymous letter published in the Springfield Journal. The town roared with laughter. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20

Shields, sensitive and proud, boiled with indignation. He found out who wrote the letter, leaped on his horse, started after Lincoln, and challenged him to fight a duel. Lincoln did not want to fight. He was opposed to dueling, but he could not get out of it and save his honor. He was given the choice of weapons. Since he had very long arms, he chose cavalry broadswords and took lessons to sword fighting from a West Point graduate; and, on the appointed day, he and Shields met on a sandbar in the Mississippi River, prepared to fight to the death; but at the last minute, their seconds interrupted and stopped the duel. That was the most lurid personal incident in Lincoln’s life. It taught him an invaluable lesson in the art of dealing with people. Never again did he write an insulting letter. Never again did he ridicule anyone. And from that time on, he almost never criticized anybody for anything. If you decide to work and accept all that comes in the work, you must learn to think quickly. If you are offered a task you must answer at once that you accept the opportunity to improve the quality of your life and mental health. If you hesitate or take time to answer, the offer of the task will be withdrawn and it will not be repeated. You may be given time before actually doing what you were told to do, but you must accept the task at once. An attempt to talk things over, an ironical, suspicious, or negative attitude, fear, or lack of confidence, these will make the task impossible at once. If you feel hesitation about the task offered to you, think about your mechanicalness, think about your negativeness, about your self-will—but think quickly. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20

You can do nothing against your weak sides by yourself. The tasks offered to you have the aim to help you. If you hesitate or refuse them, you refuse help. This must be quite clear in your mind. The realization of your helplessness and your deep sleep must be permanent in you. You can strengthen it by constantly reminding yourself of your nothingness, of your meanness, of your weakness of all possible sorts. You have absolutely nothing to be proud of. You have nothing to base your judgement on. You can see, if you are sincere with yourself, all the blunders and all the mistakes which you made when you tried to act by yourself. You cannot think rightly. You cannot feel rightly. You need constant help. And you can have it. However, you must pay for it—at least, by not arguing. You have to do gigantic work if you want to become different. How can you ever hope to get anything if you hesitate and argue on the first steps, or do not even realize the necessity for help, or become suspicious and negative? If you want to work seriously you have to conquer many things in yourself. You cannot carry with yourself prejudices, your fixed opinions, your personal identifications or animosities. However, at the same time try to understand that personal is not always wrong. “Personal” can even help in the work, but personal can be very dangerous too, if it is not cleared by the struggle with identification and by the realization of your mechanicalness and your weakness. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20

Try to understand the necessity for “deliberate suffering” and “conscious effort.” These are the only two things that can change you and bring you to your aim. “Deliberate suffering” does not mean necessary suffering inflicted on you by yourself. It means attitude towards suffering. Suffering may come as a result of your feelings, thoughts, and actions connected with your tasks; it may come by itself as a result of your own faults or as a result of other people’s actions, attitudes, or feelings. However, what is important is your attitude towards it. It becomes deliberate if you do not rebel against it, if you do not try to avoid it, if you do not accuse anybody, if you accept it as a necessary part of your work at the moment and as a means for attaining your aim. “Conscious effort” is the effort based on understanding; understanding of its necessity first of all, and understanding of the causes which make it necessary. The chief cause for conscious effort is your need for breaking the walls of mechanicalness, of self-will and lack of self-remembering, which constitute your being at present. In order to understand better the necessity for accepting tasks given to you without hesitation, the necessity for “deliberate suffering” and “conscious effort,” think about ideas which brought you to the work, think about the first realization of your mechanicalness and the first realization that you know nothing. In the beginning you realized this and you came for help, but now you doubt whether you must really do as you are told. And you try to find ways to evade it, to stand on your own judgement and on your own understanding. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20

You understood clearly once, that your judgment and your understanding are false and weak, but now try to keep them again. You do not want to give them up. Well, you can keep them, but you must understand that with them you will keep all that is false and weak in yourself. There are no half measures. You must decide: do you want to work or not? In some situations, you may be able to judge that the risk of an extremely bad result from exploration is low. That should increase the amount you are willing to do. In training sessions, gymnastic competitors can exploit current capabilities by practicing elements they already know. These can always be done a little better, and repetition is needed to avoid mistakes during competition. However, gymnasts also need to attempt new, and more difficult, moves—ones they have never done before, occasionally even ones tht no one has done before. This is exploratory activity. The new elements may never be mastered, and in the meantime old ones have not been practiced. There is also increased risk of injuries that could end a season or a career. Practice spaces are equipped with facilities to reduce injuries, such as extra padding for apparatus and ceiling-suspended safety harnesses. These limit the risks of serious injury, though they do not eliminate them. The practice safety devices are installed exactly so that the costs of exploration will be lower. Inventing such devices greatly accelerates the evolution of otherwise dangerous activities, be they sports or flight maneuvers, by transforming the situation into one with lower risks of catastrophe. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20

Another class of devices for lowering the risk of catastrophe turns on having multiple replications, with the fate of the whole system not resting on any one. Thus a federal system can prosper when many states act as partially independent “policy laboratories.” A drug company can use cell cultures to test a vast array of chemicals, most of which will be ineffective, in searching for a few that might be useful. If continuing to exploit the best solution found to date is apparently going to lead to disaster, then of course one is wise to explore. Everyone is familiar with the notion of a desperate gamble on a novel approach, such as a daring attempt to escape from death row. Our argument for exploring when catastrophe seems imminent may seem almost a contradiction of our previous arguments for exploring when there are long time horizons or low risk. However, in this situation the relative attractiveness of exploring comes from the negative yield of exploiting. The results of exploring and exploiting are measured on scales that have real zero points. The United States of America, termed “infidel” by Muslim extremists and “overreligious” by Europeans, faces a World that, instead of moving toward secularism as it did during the industrial age, seems to be reversing direction. David B. Barrett and Todd Johnson, co-editors of the World Christian Encyclopedia, forecast that today’s 2 billion Christians will become 3 billion by 2025—an overall increase of roughly 33 percent. However, Islam is growing much faster. From 553 million in 1970, it shot up to 1.2 billion in 201 and is headed to a grand total of 2 billion by 2025—a rise of 50 percent in a quarter century. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20

While religious statistics are no better then economic data, their general direction is clear. The numbers, moreover, are far more dramatic when we look at where all these additional Christians and Muslims are—and where they are soon likely to be. In both we are seeing an important geographical—that is, spatial—shift. Since the mid-1950s, the critical centers of the Christian World have moved decisively to Africa and to Latin America and Asia, of which has many more Christian today than North America. We have already commented on the rapid growth of Christianity in China. The growth and spatial relocation of religion on the planet is a giant historical event—and it will, at least in part, shape and be shaped by the coming transfers of wealth around the World. In Europe the number of Muslims has tripled in the past forty years, largely because of immigration, and the growth of Islam there is expected to outpace the growth of Christianity. In fact, though little recognized, today fully a third of all the World’s Muslims live as ethno-cultural marginalized groups in non-Muslim countries, increasingly distanced from Islam’s geographical center. They include a floating, on-the-move population of middle-class Muslim intellectuals, businesspeople, engineers, and professors who may work and live in a sequence of different countries as they pursue the job market. The World of Islam will be increasingly influenced in terms of ideas, politics, lifestyle, culture, identity—and, one might add, attitudes towards capitalism, markets and business—by what are called “de-territorialized” millions, largely based in Europe. While this is happening in the West, the Muslim population is growing most quickly in the East—in an awakening Asia, where, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia, a more moderate form of Islam has prevailed than that found in Iran and the Arab countries. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20

Together, these eastward and westward shifts could pull the balance of religious and cultural influence within Islam away from the Middle East. That dominance, while rooted in Mecca and the annual hajj that brings millions of Muslims from everywhere to Muhammad’s birthplace, has in fact long been bolted into place by money. For centuries, the power of Muslims in the World economy resulted from the Middle East’s strategic, high-value-added location as the main transit point for trade between Asia and Europe. It lost that financial advantage when, using advanced navigation and maritime knowledge, European and other traders began avoiding the Middle East and sailing around the southern Africa. Today the Middle East once more faces the loss of its most crucial source of wealth—and the financial, cultural and religious influences that comes with it. That source is, of course, oil. That is why it is important for Americans to preserve their farmland for much of our oil in the future can be grown on land. It is contained in the corn and soybean plants in the fields. As the 2020 pandemic hit and gas prices spiked a few years later, many felt with life without oil was like because they could not pay $7.00 a gallon to pay for fuel. The obvious substitutes for petroleum are plant oils and fats because they have the same base chemical structure as petroleum. Fossil fuels were plants once, millions of years ago, and so it makes sense that both the fossil fuels we use today and oils produced by plants are chemically similar. Both are made up of chains of chemicals known as hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon is a carbon atom surrounded by hydrogen atoms. Methane, the simplest hydrocarbon, is a single carbon atom surrounded by four hydrogen atoms. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20

Gasoline varies from seven to 10 hydrocarbons long. In fact, the word “octane” means eight carbons in a chain. The shorter the chain of carbons, the more explosive the fuel is, and the more power it offers an engine. The problem is tht plant oils are 14 to 18 carbons in length. Diesel fuel is 15 carbons long, which is close to the same size as plant oils. That is why the first applications are biodiesel fuels. You could not burn vegetable oils in today’s gasoline engines because of their hydrocarbon chains are too long. Not surprisingly, shorter-chain vegetable oils do exist. Coconut oil, tropical oils and similar plant oils might make a reasonable gasoline-like fuel. It might also be possible to transgenetically modify crops to produce plant with those lengths of fatty acids. Scientists could genetically modify corn and soybeans—which are already two of the highest oil-yielding plants—to produce plant oils that could be converted into a type of gasoline. The combination of combining vegetable oil and ethanol could produce a fuel which would seem to fit nicely into today’s engine structures. As we change from a black gold economy to a green gold economy, we will need engineers who know how to make products out of plant materials that is why we work with these students to make these types of products. Molecular manufacturing can also make products that will perform some useful temporary function when tossed out into the environment. Getting rid of ozone-destroying pollutants high in the stratosphere is one example. There may be simpler approaches, without the sophistication of nanotechnology, but here is one that would work to cleanse the stratosphere of chlorine: Make huge numbers of balloons, each the size of a grain of pollen and light enough to float up in the ozone layer. In each, place a small solar-power plant, molecular-processing plant, and a microscope grain of sodium. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20

The processing plant collects chlorine-containing compounds and separates out the chlorine. Combining this with the sodium makes sodium chloride—ordinary salt. When the sodium is gone, the balloon collapses and falls. Eventually, a grain of salt and a biodegradable speck fall to Earth, usually at sea. The stratosphere is soon clean. A larger problem (with a ground-based solution) is climatic change caused by rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Global warming, expected by most climatologist and probably under way today, is caused by changes in the composition of Earth’s atmosphere. The sun shines on the Earth, warming it. The Earth radiates heat back into space, cooling. The rate at which it cools depends on how transparent the atmosphere is to the radiation of het. The tendency of the atmosphere to hold heat, to block thermal radiation from escaping into space, causes what is called the “greenhouse effect.” Several gases contribute to this, but CO2 presents the most massive problem. Fossil fuels and deforestation both contribute. Before the new technology bases arrives, something like 300 billion tons of excess CO2 will likely have been added to the atmosphere. Small greenhouses can help reverse the global greenhouse effect. By permitting more efficient agriculture, molecular manufacturing can be free land for reforestation, helping to repair the devastation wrought by hungry people. Growing forests absorbs CO2. If reforestation is not fast enough, inexpensive solar energy can be applied to remove CO2 directly, producing oxygen and glossy graphite pebbles. Painting the World’s roads with solar cells would yield about four trillion watts of power, enough to remove CO2 at a rate of 10 billion tones per year. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20

Temporarily planting one-tenth of U.S.A. farm acreage with a solar-cell “crop” would provide enough energy to remove 300 billion tons in five years; winds would distribute the benefits Worldwide. The twentieth-century insult to Earth’s atmosphere can be reversed by less than a decade of twenty-first century repair work. Ecosystems damaged in the meantime are another matter. Along with healing our ecosystems, we also have new demands for access in the economy. A new work regimen will, in time, sweep across the main sectors of the economy. And as the work force is continually ceded more autonomy, it will demand increased access to information. During the smokestack era, arguments for the humane treatment of employees were crushed by the realities of brute technology that paid off even when workers were kept unenlightened (and powerless). Today, workers are demanding more and more access to information because they cannot do their jobs effectively without it. We are thus seeing a redistribution of knowledge (and power) made necessary by new market conditions and by the new technologies themselves. As computer programs mimic the skills that have long set managers apart, workers in lower-level jobs can do tasks once reserved for executives. You suddenly have information in the hands of the people who run the machines; it is no longer reserved for people two or three rungs up the hierarchy. The first-level supervisors do not appreciate the power of this information until it gets into workers’ hands. Then their resistance is enormous. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20

Clearly not all workers fit well into jobs that demand initiative, full participation, and a sharing of responsibility. Nor can all managers cope with the new-style work. However, as work units grow smaller and educational levels higher, the pressure from below mounts. The result is a fundamental shift in power relationships. This is not the first time since the dawn of the industrial age that managers have been confronted with changing models of human relationships in the workplace. For many years the old Taylorite notions that turned the worker into an appendage of the machine were challenged by a school of “good-guy” theorists who argued that more humane treatment of employees would prove more efficient in the end. The new regimen, increasingly espoused by management itself, is, however, more radical. This idea goes far beyond the assumptions of the human-relations model, where employees were made to feel important. Now they are acknowledged truly to be important. It is true that the overriding power—greater than that of any individual—is that of the labour market. A shortage or surplus of some skills determines the outer parameters of the new autonomy. Many programmers or space engineers have learned that they, exactly like punch-press operators and assembly-line hands, can be pink-slipped without ceremony, while their bosses vote themselves “golden parachutes.” Those cast out of work suffer a devasting decline in personal and collective power—which is a subject for a totally different report. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20

What is relevant here, however, is how things are changing for those inside the work force. And within that framework, a change of historical proportion is taking place. In the smokestack era no individual employee had significant power in any contest with the firm. Only a collectivity of workers, massed and threatening to withhold their muscles, could force a recalcitrant management to improve the pay or status of the employee. Only group action could slow or stop production, for any individual was easily interchangeable and, hence, replaceable. This was the basis for the formation of labour unions. If unions, with their traditional emphasis on “solidarity” and “unity,” are losing membership and power in virtually all of advanced technological nations, it is precisely because workers are no longer as interchangeable as they once were. In the World of tomorrow it will not take masses of workers to bring a company’s production to a standstill, or to damage it in other ways. A “computer virus” slipped into a program, a subtle distortion of the information in a data base, the leakage of information to a competitor—these are only the most obvious of a whole range of new methods of sabotage available to the angry, the irresponsible, or the justifiably outraged individual. The “information strike” of the future could turn out to be a one-person protest. And no laws, clever programs, and security arrangements can totally protect against this. The best defense is likely to be social pressure from one’s peers. Or the simple feeling that one is treated with dignity and justice. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20

However, far more important is the shift toward non-interchangeability. As work grows more differentiated, the bargaining position of individuals with crucial skills is enhanced. Individuals, not only organized groups, can exert clout. Marxist revolutionists argued that power flows to those who own the “means of production.” Contrasting the factory worker with the preindustrial craftsman who owned his own tools, Marx contended that workers would be powerless until they seized the “means of production” from the capitalist class that owned them. Today we are living through the next power shifts in the workplace. It is one of the grand ironies of history that a new kind of autonomous employee is emerging who, in fact, does own the means of production. The new means of production, however, are not ready to be found in the artisan’s toolbox, or in the massive machinery of the smokestack age. They are, instead, crackling inside the employee’s cranium—where society will find the single most important source of future wealth and power. When thinking of wealth and power, we have to figure out ways to deter cheating. When several alternative punishments could deter cheating and sustain cooperation, how should one choose them? Several criteria have a role. Perhaps most important are simplicity and clarity, so that a player thinking of cheating can easily and accurately calculate its consequences. A criterion that infers someone has cheated if your discounted mean of profits from the last seventeen months is 10 percent less than the average real rate of return to industrial capital over the same period, for example, is too complicated for most firms to figure out, and therefore not a good deterrent. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20

Next comes certainty. Players should have confidence that defection will be punished and cooperation rewarded. This is a major problem for the European countries looking to enforce the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT). When one country complains that another has cheated on the trade agreement, GATT initiates an administrative process that drags on for months or years. The facts of the case have little bearing on the judgment, which usually depends more on dictates of international politic and diplomacy. Such enforcement procedures are unlikely to be effective. Most people’s instinctive feeling is that the punishment should fit the crime. However, that may not be big enough to deter cheating. The surest way to deter cheating is to make the punishment as big as possible. Since the punishment threat succeeds in sustaining cooperation, it should not matter how dire it is. The fear keeps everyone from defecting, hence the breakdown never actually occurs and its cost is irrelevant. The problem with this approach is that it ignores the risk of mistakes. The detection process may go wrong, indicating cheating by a member of the cartel when the real cause of low prices is an innocent one such as low demand. If punishments are as big as possible then mistakes will be very costly. To reduce the costs of mistakes, the punishment should be the smallest size that suffices to deter cheating. Minimal deterrence accomplishes its purpose without imposing any extra costs when the inevitable mistakes occur. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20

MAGNOLIA STATION AT CRESLEIGH RANCH
Rancho Cordova, CA |
Coming Soon!

Sprawling to nearly 4,000 square feet and set atop large homesites, Magnolia Station at Cresleigh Ranch is a perfect balance of both space and splendor. These large lots come with a mix of Single Story and Two Story Homes, ranging from 2,200 to 3,7000 square feet, with 3-7 bedrooms, 2-5.5 bathrooms, and up to a 4-car garage.

In the meanwhile, check out some of the other homes avaliable. https://cresleigh.com/havenwood/
Beloved, Believe Not Every Spirit, but Try the Spirits

The magical is a great hidden wisdom…no armour can shield against it because it strikes at the inward spirit of life. Of this, we make restore assured. In recent years there has been a growing inclination to interpret any human awareness that cannot be readily explained as E.S.P. or Extra Sensory Perception. Of course, it is admitted in even the most polite circles that animals have this faculty. Rather than admit that animals have full use of one or more of the so-called five sense, they are credited with a sixth sense, which we call E.S.P. However, I believe that the majority of thing that are attributed to E.S.P., or a sixth sense, are nothing more than unconscious manifestations of our existing five sense: sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. The reason the techniques of utilizing these five senses to the degree that would explain away much of the sixth sense nonsense are not learned is because to do so would mean admitting that animals had something we do not have and they might be able to teach us a few things. Man cannot quite bring himself to learn from the animals, though, because he has been brainwashed into thinking he is something special, a higher type of being. He cannot beat his chest like a bongo and play god, because that is reserved for the guy upstairs, and he cannot learn from the animal kingdom, because he is supposedly emancipated from it. If something comes along he cannot explain, he ask somebody else, and, if there are still no satisfactory explanations, he looks to his gods for one. If faith in his old gods wanes, because of doubts in his mind as to the validity of his religion, he can no longer call strange happenings “miracles.” #RandolphHarris 1 of 10

However, his ego will not allow him to lose what little self-respect he has acquired, by regressing to animalism in any way, shape or form—even if it means he might learn something. So he thinks of a new “scientific” term which will break away from the religious terminology of “miracles” that has lately left him so disenchanted. He still knows little more than he ever did, but he feels better because he thinks he is on the right track—not dependent on his old god and not trafficking with the Devil. H.S.P. or Heightened Sensory Perception simply means that we receive impressions through our existing five senses that we do not recognize as coming through these agencies. H.S.P relays messages to our brain based on indicators in the environment, and these signals are based on more factors than we could ever imagine have influenced us. Now, psychic phenomena is often thought to be connected with witchcraft. As William Wirt Winchester had taken a job the family business, he was warned the New Haven, Connecticut USA had become a center for witch ceremonies. People were warned to keep their children away from Hallowe’en celebrations, “We know there are adults in the village who are thing to introduce children to witchcraft for their own demonic reasons,” Maureen Crawford said. There were purportedly a dozen separate witch covens operating in New Haven, and they were all suspected to be involved in blood rituals, so the whole village of witches was branded as black (black magic). #RandolphHarris 2 of 10

Mr. Winchester had been invited to an initiation ceremony at a house in New Haven. He knew the High Priest quite well, and he was knowns for his powers. The ceremony was already in progress when Mr. Winchester arrived, and he put on a ceremonial robe and was shown into a third-floor room, where an overpoweringly beautiful crystal chandelier was the main feature. However, it was not switched on, and glistened only from the light of candles on a large altar. There, on the alter, he saw a young woman—woman who was made up to look like an ancient Egyptian. “I was absolutely certain in my own mind that she was a virgin, she looked so young, but she was obviously a willing participant. She was not strapped down and made no move to get up. Somehow I feared the worst. I wanted to get out of that place but the doorway was guarded by two men holding ritual swords. The Great Rite that was being performed has no place in this town. This was palpably a black imitation and the real purpose behind it was to raise power for the High Priest. He was calling upon dark forces. He began in what sounded like gibberish—but was Enochian texts. Then, standing close to the altar, he took the young woman and led her away, tears streaming down her face. I pulled out my revolver and told him to step aside, and I rescued the maiden. While we were walking in the pitch black night, she confessed to me her name was Sarah Pardee, and she had been abducted from Sunday School. Eight men tied her hands behind her back, and she was blindfolded as her companions carried her to the ritual casting magic circle. #RandolphHarris 3 of 10

“The men took Sarah to this old wooden Victorian home. She pulled herself free from the binding cords and ripped off her blindfold. ‘Immediately I wish I had not,’ Sarah said. ‘For there before me were four wooden stakes and upon each one had been impaled a dead cat. I have out a terrible scream and vomited. I was sick at heart, infuriated and fearful.’ As Sarah and I wondered through the forest, I was so happy I was able to get her away from the scenes of black magic.” Descriptions of such sense are not uncommon, there were many witches and warlock involved in black sorcery. Several years later, in 1862, William and Sarah were married. Their marriage was based on mutual love and affection, and when William died Mrs. Winchester mourned him for the rest of her life, avoiding public appearances for years, and living in a hermitic existence in Santa Clara County. The reason Mrs. Winchester moved to Santa Clara County is because she found a small box with three thorns, earth from a cemetery, a dead butter fly, and a picture of herself in the box. It had been sealed with black wax and placed in her kitchen. The effects had been catastrophic. A witch does have to make a pact with the devil himself, at least symbolically. Among his ten commandments is one tht calls for the confidence in the belief that a witch can destroy rivals through the use of curses thrown without mercy—the only way a curse can be thrown is without mercy, and the power of the curse is most effective. Perhaps this is why Mrs. Winchester was not only robbed of her husband, but her new born daughter. #RandolphHarris 4 of 10

The belief in black magic circles is that it is possible for the magician to achieve a state of being verging on astral projection, whereby the spirit may travel to the “victim,” engage in pleasures of the flesh and returning. The female attacking a male is known as a succubus; the male attacker is known as an incubus and both have their origins in the recorded witch trials of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Mrs. Winchester’s marriage to Mr. Winchester, “was a beautiful, really, as his eyelashes. He had such a natural grace. And he was so affectionate, and so happy with me. After his death, I had to get away from family life. There was not a trace of hypocrisy in William. He was sure that his ‘call’ was irresistible, while to me it was the saving grace of my life. He was enchanting and enchanted. I knew he was too beautifully brave to exist in such a cruel world. The day I met him, I said to myself: ‘I shall have him for life’—and I had never seen anyone, man or woman, whom I was quite sure of wanting on those terms. Well, this impulse of egotism decided me. I was ashamed of it, and to get away from it I took a leap that landed me straight in William’s arms.” It is easy to see why Mrs. Sarah L. Winchester’s response to the death of her child and husband left a bizarre and impressive architectural reflection of her psyche. And what went on inspire is beautiful mansion she built left something hung in darkness. #RandolphHarris 5 of 10

The phantom attacks began late one evening in Mrs. Winchester’s bedroom. A listless drowsy breeze filled the room. It was filled with the scent of the ocean, salty and clean, washing Mrs. Winchester and washing the room, and beyond she saw stars without number, stars of such radiance and such distance that the Heavens were no longer the painted vault of Heaven but a great endless ocean of stars. Suddenly, she was thrown by an unseen force. As she fell to the floor she found herself laying next to a headless body, it was moving, crawling, clawing at the polished floors with its great sprawling fingers and pushing through the robe with his knees. The body was making a muddy shadow underneath. This sight was so ghastly that for a moment Mrs. Winchester could not move. And as she looked at the body, its movements moved with hers, there overcame her a sense of its tacit complicity, of a deep hidden understanding between the, that was no worse than the first shock of its strangeness. Not that she understood the body, but it made it clear that someday she should. And that was the worst part of it, decidedly. The headless body leaked blood. The smashed head lying on the floor, staring at Mrs. Winchester with empty eye sockets. Mrs. Winchester puzzled over the situation a good deal, but could not find any hint of an explanation. She thought that this was a demon sent to torment her. This evil was insidious. He husband was too charming and her daughter too beautiful to be sacrificed to such demons. And so, after all, she never found out what it wanted. #RandolphHarris 6 of 10

It was hard to describe the physical sense of distress. Mrs. Winchester lay back more exhausted than she had ever been in all her long existence. She could have slept for a year, but retired to a séance in her Blue Séance Room. Clad in a white dress, a spirit floating above the altar with great presence and depth. It was accompanied by an unpleasant sensation of pressure on her chest. There was also a music box playing and she could hear children laughing on the lawn at midnight. Mrs. Winchester was told that this was an omen of her impending death and that is she did not continue construction of her home, indefinitely, that she was meet the same fate. Everything was peaceful. Night birds were calling, and the frogs and crickets were contributing their music to nature’s sounds. Mrs. Winchester sat transfixed in the beauty and wonder of the scene. The following week, one of the farmers was found dead, sitting on a chair in the kitchen. Later the coroner examined the body and said the man had died of a cerebral hemorrhage. Following the mysterious death, the butler was running through the mansion, completely hysterical, shouting that he has seen the ghost. After that, the crazed butler disappeared. He was never seen again, dead or alive. You can make of witchcraft what you will—it is kind of religion, invitingly tinged with mystery, superstition, and legend. Many witches who use black magic believe that they will become vampires after their death. The fear of vampires has been famous for centuries. In 1823, a law was passed prohibiting the practice of burying unhallowed dead at a crossroads with a wooden stake driven through the heart of the corpse. #RandolphHarris 7 of 10

There are few major towns or cities in America that do not barbour at least one—often several—secret societies whose purpose is the study and performance of esoteric religion or ritual magic. They are generally made up of small groups of people aligned to various separate organizations and beliefs whose proliferation in the twentieth century has continued a space in what Francis King, the acclaimed author on occult matters, described as an “astonishing revival of medieval magic and alchemy.” King is right when he says that the newspaper stories of the desecration of some deserted country church for the purposes of black magic or the activities of some cult or secret society, dancing around a blazing fire, or standing rapt before a crude altar, are only the tip of the ice berg. As leaders of witchcraft recognize, students of ritual magic and the occult are on a higher plane of activity which has throughout history attracted many gifted minds. The scour antiquity for the roots of a particular persuasion in a constant search for the source, the Philosopher’s Stone or such age-old secrets as turning common metals into gold. They seek and perform old rituals of past and famous magicians; they try to define the question of being and magic furnishes the human mind with an instrument of philosophical and religious certainty as exact as mathematics. Those who attain this knowledge and adopt it as a rule of life can make themselves masters of all inferior things. #RandolphHarris 8 of 10

In the mystery of these vestures of the Holy Ones, I gird up my power in the girdles of righteousness and truth in the power of the Most High: Ancor: Amacor: Amides: Theodonis: Anitor: let be mighty my power: let it endure for ever: in the power of Adonai, to whom the praise and the glory shall be; whose end cannot be. I invoke and move thee, O thou, Spirits of William Wirt Winchester and Oliver Fischer Winchester: and being exalted above ye in the power of the Most High, I say unto thee, please Obey! In the name Beralensis, Baldachiensis, Paumachia, and Apologine Sedes: and of the mighty ones who govern, spirits, Liachidae and ministers of the House of Death: and by the Chief Prince of the seat of Apologia in the Ninth Legion, I do invoke thee and by invoking conjure thee. And being exalted above ye in the power of the Most High, I say unto thee, Obey! in the name of him who spake and it was, to whom all creatures and things obey. Moreover I, whom God made in the likeness of God, who is the creator according to his living breath, stir thee up in the name which is the voice of wonder of the mighty God, El, strong and unspeakable, O thou Spirits William Wirt Winchester and Oliver Fischer Winchester. And I say to thee, please obey, in the name of him who spake and it was; and in every one of ye, O ye names of God! I cast the limits of the garb of flesh into the refining black flames of Hell to be clothed with the powers of divine darkness eternal. Ahriman devours all including the limits of himself for the sake of evolution and becoming through the powers of the Druj-Nasu in order to reveal the truth of the lie unto the Dark Apostles! #RandolphHarris 9 of 10

In the name of Zohak, the first man turned Div; I offer the limits of self unto the Druj through the mouth of Arezura to be clothed with the garb of Ahriman which is divine darkness eternal. Druj-Nasu hear my call and be stirred now to this place! Devour the flesh of this vehicle of power and as you do devour my human weakness. Come forth now and receive this offering made by me! Druj-Nasu come! I now plant the seed of my desire within the black earth, through the mouth of Arezura where the powers of sorcery and counter creation dwell. Through this gateway of darkness, I now shine the light and power of my will upon this World for the benefit of me and mine! Moreover, in the names Adonai, El, Elohim, Elohi, Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh, Zabaoth, Elion, Iah, Tetragrammaton, Shaddai, Lord God Most Hight, I stir thee up; and in our strength I say please Obey! O Spirits of William Wirt Winchester and Oliver Fischer Winchester. Appear unto His servants in a moment; before the circle in the likeness of men; and visit me in peace. And in the ineffable name Tetragrammation Iehovah, I say, please Obey! whose mighty sound being exalted in power the pillars are divided, the winds of the firmament groan aloud; the fire burns not; the Earth moves in earthquakes; and all things of the house of Heaven and Earth and the dwelling-place of darkness and as earthquakes, and are in torment, and are confounded in thunder. Come forth, O Spirits William Wirt Winchester and Oliver Fischer Winchester in a moment: let thy dwelling-place be empty, apply unto us the secrets of Truth and obey my power. Come forth, visit us in peace, appear unto my eyes; be friendly: Obey the living breath! For I stir thee up in the name of the God of Truth who liveth for ever, Helioren. Obey the living breath, therefore continually unto the end as my thoughts appear to my eyes: therefore be friendly: speaking the secrets of Truth in voice and in understanding. #RandolphHarris 10 of 10


The Winchester Mansion is of significant architectural merit which stands proudly in its surroundings. It is considered one of the most haunted houses in the World. Besides being a truly historic and beautiful home, it is also the source of many scary stories over the centuries. One of the bedroom on the fourth floor is apparently haunted by a young woman, presumably Sarah L. Winchester, who died in bed after suffering the shock of discovering a demon with “cloven hooves” in her room..

The mansion is equipped with 110 out of 160 room that are open for you and your guests to explore, or even come into contact with a spectral visitor. There are a few rooms where it looks like a poltergeist has been wreaking havoc. Local legennd has it that a estate has the grave of a woman who committed suicide, where fresh flowers appear every morning, having been placed there by pixies. https://winchestermysteryhouse.com/
The Mansion of Darkness

Most of the beauties who suffered at the hands of the inquisitors were tormented because they refused to succumb to the right people or were too quick to give in to the wrong ones. Many who lusted after such women become so guilt-ridden that they would denounce them out of fear that they would fall from grace in the eyes of God. Of course, the most successful witches were unusually sleeping with the inquisitors and were never even considered to be witches. Successfully as they might be, however, they could never openly take pride in their witcheries, for to do so would mean certain death. There are many who view the witch as a member of an old pagan religion, more concerned with her beliefs than with her powers. To be sure, the witch is a WOMAN. Men are called warlocks. The witch has made a pact with the Devil and through rituals dedicated to Him gains her power. One must worship the Luciferian element of pride within. One is often blessed with a family heritage of sorcery in one form or another. Everyone inherits something from their forebearers that can be applied as useful legacy. My mother had a genealogy of the Winchester family that showed all of our ancestors going way back to the 1400s. There were lots of famous people in our genealogy—a governor, two senators, a famous general in the Revolution, a lot of people who found in the Revolutionary War and the Civil War, and some others. However, my dad always said that most of the people in the genealogy were regular people—farmers and fishermen and storekeepers who worked hard all their lives and tried to do right by their families. #RandolphHarris 1 of 12

The Winchester money went pretty far back. However, a majority of it came during the 1870s, from the 1873 Model called “The Gun that Won the West.” The Winchester Repeating Arms Company was started by Oliver Fisher Winchester. There was a portrait of him, big as a picture window, hanging up in the parlor in the Winchester Mansion. He had on a dark suit, black tie, white shirt, and he looked very dignified. It was one of those pictures where the eyes follow you around the room—no matter where you went, he always looked at you. After grandfather Oliver Winchester passed away, he left the company to my father, William Winchester, who passed away shortly after, alone with my baby sister, leaving the fortune and company to my mother, Sarah L. Winchester. That mansion used to scare the crap our of me when I was little. We would go up there for Thanksgiving or Christmas, when Mrs. Winchester had a big family dinner for all the family—fifty or sixty of us, probably six turkeys, plumb pudding from England, thousands of dollars worth of glassware and sliver gleaming so bright that the table sparkled. The towns people always blamed Mrs. Winchester for whatever happened to them. You have to remember, this was a time when people lived in houses without windows, no indoor plumbing, or houses with no glass in the windows. Common folks in those days would eat nothing but potatoes for dinner night after night, and they patched the holes in their shoes with cardboard because they could not afford to buy new one. #RandolphHarris 2 of 12

My mother, whom I call Mrs. Winchester, said paying the bills, paying the servants, and keeping an eye on everything was like managing a large castle. The cobble stone driveway swung around behind the house here to get the stable, where we kept the riding horses, and the old carriage house, where the cars were garaged. According to legend, Mrs. Winchester enacted a nightly séance to help her with her building plans and for protection from “bad” spirits. The Satanic witch of old received her magic from The Dark Man. While the rest of the World, particularly the men-folk, slept in blissful innocence, she and her sisters would meet Him in secret groves. There He would advise, inveigle and disclose the knowledge that would empower them to work their spells and enchantments. His pearls of infernal wisdom empowered them. It was, they said, a sign of a coven moving towards black magic. In other words their selected deity, faded into the background of their working and the search for the manifestation of demonic forces within their circle became obsessive. However, magic is the power within oneself that is the key to what we do, and sometimes we can whip up a great deal of power. The magic we are capable of is almost indefinable. Our magic is the art of causing change to occur in conformity with will. We attempt to raise enough etheric energy between us, by our ritual, to use our paranormal powers to force a desired result by our will-power. It was one thing using the supernatural powers of the human mind to try to compel something to happen, but it was quite another matter summoning up the assistance of spirits and demons, whether benevolent, malevolent or neutral. Mistakes in the ritual or failure to observe the minute could lead to disaster. #RandolphHarris 3 of 12

Mrs. Winchester recalls one night she invited a magician who parctised the darker arts to assist her. The magic went wrong and the room they were working in was virtually wrecked by lingering, unseen spirits. Mrs. Winchester was mysteriously injured with a stab wound in her shoulder, though no one saw the knife go in or where it came from. Many guides to higher ritual magic issues a health warning with their instructions: the practitioner must be confident he or she is totally in control of all the techniques and disciplines otherwise one faces physical, psychological and spiritual dangers of the most serious kind if any attempt to invoke spirits goes wrong. By and large, witchcraft—and certainly paganism—seemed not to be about chasing demons, though they do claim to make spiritual contact with the gods invoked during their worship. There was an abundance of evidence that Mrs. Winchester experienced paranormal events in her life: the feeling she had been in a certain place before when, in this life at least, it was her first visit; the uncanny foresight of her fortune-telling; the “proven” success of powers of autosuggestion; the out-of-body experiences that she was able to learn; the sixth sense of Zip, barking at the spot in the mansion where Maynard the butler had died years ago. The list goes on and on. The discussion about Mrs. Winchester will probably go on for centuries, but it will not be until the year 2030 that these discussions will be able to take place without being prosecuted or hanged. Mrs. Winchester wore robs during her séances because the human body holds within it a latent power which can be released by certain ritual exercises that witches perform. Some spiritualist healers and clairvoyant witches can actually see it, like a rainbow. #RandolphHarris 4 of 12

Is it any surprise the Winchester Mansion is haunted? One night during a séance, two inner circles were painted on the floor. The circle is the center of all occult activity and was drawn to concentrate the occultists’ power and protected them from hostile spirits. Within the circle, the spiritual journey started and their efforts were directed to produce their Cone of Power. It was only within the circle that the gods and the spirits of the astral Would could be safely contacted. The process was much like clearing a dense forest so the physical bodies could meet their spiritual. As the group was opening their mind to journey to a higher plane, they were clearing their minds of Earthly problems and worries so that they could open their entire beings to the singular concentration of the work before them, by tapping into the energy of the centers of the body. Lighted candles were placed at strategic points on the circle, and there was a pentacle on the altar where the statuette of the Horned God of Pan stood. As Mrs. Winchester blessed the water and salt with her athame and the coven, she was able to visualize the bodily power of the priestess moving in the form of a blue light through her hand into the athame and as she consecrated the circle itself, starting at the north a magic was killed by a heavy door that came loose from its hinges and flew at him. The invocation of gods and goddesses or their attempts to attract angels and genii into circles involve long and complicated rituals which have their complexities. Afterwards, to all, things went on as usual for a week or two. Well, the things went on as usual; so they did with the rest of household; but as for Mrs. Winchester, she had never been the same since that night. Night after night, she used to lie awake, listening for the spirits, looking for blue lights, and for the door of the Blue Séance Room to be locked. #RandolphHarris 5 of 12

However, all supernatural activity seemed to have ceased, and she heard no sounds coming from the room. At last, the silence began to be more and more dreadful to Mrs. Winchester than the activity of the spirits. She felt that someone was cowering there, behind the locked door, watching and listening as she watched and listened, and she could have almost cried out, “Whoever you are, come out and let me see you face to face, but do not lurk there and spy on me in the darkness!” Feeling as she did, you may wonder Mrs. Winchester did not give warning. Once she very nearly did so; but at the last moment something held her back. Whether it was compassion for the peace of her staff, who had grown more and more dependent on her, or unwillingness to try a new room, or some other feeling that she could not put a name to, Mrs. Winchester lingered on as if spellbound, though every night was dreadful to her, and the days but little better. The staff did not like Mrs. Winchester’s looks, she had not been the same since that night. They thought she would brighten up, but though she seemed easier in her mind, her spirits did not revive, nor her strength either. Mrs. Winchester had grown attached to her home, and there was nothing no one could do for her. In spite of Mrs. Winchester’s solemn looks, they had a very merry dinner that day in the hall. She started to look better, and seemed more cheerful in her manner. She had been for a walk in the morning, and after luncheon she lay down in her room, and read a book. As the rain fell, Mrs. Winchester looked out at the rain, and she picture how beautiful her Victorian gardens would look in the spring. #RandolphHarris 6 of 12

It seemed to her that all the beautiful flowers, green lawns and plush trees would cover up the dreariness, indoors as well as out. The fancy had hardly crossed her mind when she heard a step at her side. She looked up, and there stood Maynard. Mrs. Winchester did not know how long he stood there. She only knew that she could not stir or take her eyes from him. Afterward she was terribly frightened, but t the same time it was not fear she felt, but something deeper and quitter. He looked at Mrs. Winchester long and hard, and his face was just one dumb prayer to her—but how in the World was Mrs. Winchester to help him? Suddenly she turned, and she heard him walk down the passage. This time Mrs. Winchester was not afraid to follow—she felt that she must know what Maynard wanted. Mrs. Winchester sprang up and ran out. He was at the other end of the passage, and Mrs. Winchester expected him to take the turn towards the door-to-nowhere; but instead, ran and pushed out the door to the 7-11 staircase that was built in the shape of a “Y”, which enabled servants to get to three different levels of the mansion. Mrs. Winchester followed him down the stairs. The kitchen and hall were empty at that hour, the servants being off duty, except for the footman, who was in the pantry. At the door Maynard stood still for a moment, with another look at Mrs. Winchester; then he turned the handle, and stepped out. For a minute Mrs. Winchester hesitated. What was Maynard leading her? #RandolphHarris 7 of 12

The door had closed softly after him, and Mrs. Winchester opened it and looked out, half-expecting to find that Maynard had disappeared. However, she saw him a few yards off hurrying across the courtyard to the path through the woods. His figure looked black and lonely in the snow, and for a second Mrs. Winchester’s heart failed her and she thought of turning back. But, all the while Maynard was drawing her after him; and Mrs. Winchester ran out into the open. Maynard was in the cobble stone path now. He walked on steadily, and Mrs. Winchester followed at the same pace, till they passed out of the gates and reached the highroad. Then he struck the across the open fields to the village. By this time the ground was white, and as he climbed the slope of a muddy hill ahead of her Mrs. Winchester noticed that Maynard left no footprint behind him. At sight of that her heart shriveled up within her, and her keens were water. Somehow, it was worse than indoors. He made the whole countryside seem lonely as the grave, with none but the two of them in it, and no help in the wide World. Once Mrs. Winchester tried to go back; but Maynard turned and looked at her, and it was as if he dragged her with chains. After that Mrs. Winchester followed him like a lamb. They came to the village and he led her through it, past the church and the blacksmith’s shop, and down the lane, and the ghost of Maynard disappeared. A sense of helplessness came over Mrs. Winchester and she had not been able to guess what he wanted. His last look at her pierced Mrs. Winchester to the marrow; and yet it had not told her! #RandolphHarris 8 of 12

All at once Mrs. Winchester felt more desolate than when Maynard had stood there watching her. It seemed as if he left Mrs. Winchester all alone to carry the weight of the secret she could not guess. The rain went around in great circles, and the ground fell away from her. A spot of tea was brought to Mrs. Winchester and she was driven by carriage to her mansion. Upon arrival at home, the maid asked Mrs. Winchester what she wanted for dinner. “I have a headache, and will not require dinner this evening,” she said. It was a fact that Mrs. Winchester could scarcely keep her feet; yet she had no fancy to spend a solitary evening in her room. She sat down in the morning room, as long as she could hold her head up; but by eight she walked up the zig zag stairs, too weary to care what happened if she could but get her head on a pillow. The rest of the household went to bed soon afterward; they kept early hours. Once in bed, Mrs. Winchester felt easier, and lay quiet, listening to the strange noises that came out of the house after dark. Once she thought she heard a door open and close again below: it might have been the glass door that led to the gardens. She got up and peered out of the window; but it was in the dark of the moon, and nothing visible outside but the streaking of rain against the panes. Mrs. Winchester went back to bed and must have dozed off, for she jumped awake by the sound of shattered glasses. Before her heard was clear she sprung out of bed, and was dragging on her clothes. She unlocked and opened her door and peered down the passage. As far as her candle flame carried, she could see nothing unusual ahead of her. #RandolphHarris 9 of 12

Mrs. Winchester hurried on, breathless; but as she pushed open the door leading to the main hall her heart stood still, for there at the head of the stairs was Maynard, peering dreadfully down into the darkness. For a second she could not sir; but her hand slipped from the door, and as it swung shut the figure vanished. At the same instant there came another sound from below stairs—a stealthy mysterious sound, as of a latchkey turning in the house door. At that moment, the door tore open. On the threshold stood Maynard. All was dark behind him, but Mrs. Winchester saw him plainly. A death flutter passed over her face. Hours passed and there seemed to be no change in her. Just when the evil spirit left, Mrs. Winchester did not, but you could imagine the great joy that filled her heart to be set free from that awful, wicked, noisy spirit. Mrs. Winchester was so happy. If a Demonic element is allowed to express itself, through a non-human vehicle, such as poetry, music, art—great works can be accomplished. Maynard was a Satanist who had worked evil magic more than a hundred times. There are bloodcurdling accounts of those who had flirted with the devil and brought to public attention by those who worked at the Winchester Mansion. Mrs. Winchester knew she had powers when she was a child; she could will things to happen and often they did. She thought it was natural. She owned parchments from old grimoires from rituals that had been performed by witches who were hanged or burned. There were even books with spells in curses from the sixteenth century. #RandolphHarris 10 of 12

Mrs. Winchester owned magic spells that were older than the country—magic to ensure opulence; to incite hatred or vengeance; and, for men, to secure the love of a virgin; to open every kind of lock without a key; to cause a dead body to rise—all that kind of stuff. She studied the old rituals for bewitchment, the type that got a lot of women hanged. There were these spells rather like voodoo where she made wax effigies. Mrs. Winchester vegan to study necromancy, which deals with bringing the dead back to life. The method she did was one where she drew her magic in a circle in her house. This was supposed to attract the spirit back. The performed the rites which lasted about thirty minutes. Nothing happened the first time or the second time, but the third time the room went cold and she could feel the presence. Suddenly ornaments crashed off the sideboard and pictures fell from the walls…she had made contact but whoever it was was obviously unhappy about it so she had to give up. Mrs. Winchester did not give up experimenting thought. The art of necromancy often causes occasional outbreaks of attacks on graveyards where misguided occult dabblers believe they have been compelled to make contact with the dead no matter how long they have been departed, though in truth a graveyard is probably the least place the spirit might wish to join callers for an evening. In June of 1889, the Oak Hill Memorial Park was the scene of bizarre rituals that puzzled even the most experienced occultists. More than twenty graves were ransacked; old-fashion lead-lined coffins had been “ripped open like a tin of beans” and the bodies or remains were carried away. #RandolphHarris 11 of 12

No one can become involved in spiritism without serious repercussions. The poltergeist phenomena may be real. I call upon the powers of death and decay through the mouth of Arezura. Powers of baneful darkness I summon you to this unholy temple. I conjure you mighty Fly Goddess Dryj Nasu to enter this lamp of death which will guide the lives of my enemies into utter destruction, for death levels them all according to my will, whether they die as Kings upon a throne or poor men lying upon dirt! Druj Nasu fill this lamp of death with your power and essence and I offer my essence upon this gateway of the black Earth so it is done! This Druj Nasu runs from the northern directions in the form of a fly. To him blow the wind from the northerly direction from the more northern sides, stinking, more stinking than other winds. I offer my enemy as a sacrifice unto the Druj Nasu. Claim your prize how, by the power of Ahriman and the Blackened Fire of Zohak, and in the name of my own divine power it is done! Thou shalt purge me with hyssop, O Lord! and I shall be clean: Thou shalt wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. THE ADORATION AT THE INDUING OF THE VESTMENT. By the figurative mystery of these holy vestures (or this holy vestment) I will clothe me with the armour of salvation in the strength of the Most High, ANCHOR; AMACOR; AMIDES; THEODINIAS; ANITOR; that my desire end may be effected through Thy strength, O ADONAI! Unto Whom the praise and glory will for ever and ever belong! Amen! #RandolphHarris 12 of 12

Winchester Mystery House

Master magician and acclaimed apparitionist Aiden Sinclair returns to Winchester Mystery House with Aiden Sinclair’s Ghost of Christmas Passed, an interactive evening of paranormal illusions. Once upon a time, Christmas was more than a celebration of giving.

It was a time that families gathered and when the night grew darkest, chilling tales were told. Aiden Sinclair rekindles the tradition of Dickens in a haunting presentation that brings the Christmas Ghost Stories of long ago back to haunt the living! Will you dare join and see what dark gifts he has in store? Two nights ONLY – tickets going fast!
🎟 link in bio. https://winchestermysteryhouse.com/
Frequent Occurrences of Hauntings

Whether or not one believes in Mrs. Winchester’s superstitions about spirits, it is harder to dismiss frequent occurrences of hauntings which assaulted one’s vision wherever one would look. The question of the “evil” in her home had already become too grave for her. The place was known to swarm with ghosts. Mrs. Winchester was seated by her fire. abruptly she saw a shadow of a vast spider hung suspended in the air, just beyond the barrier. It passed swiftly around her and seemed to probe ever towards her, but only to draw back with extraordinary jerky movements, as might a living person who touched the hot bar of a grate. Round and round it moved and round and round she turned. Then, it retired almost beyond the glow of the vacuum light and then came straight towards her, appearing to gather form and solidity as it came. There seemed a vast malign determination behind the movement that must succeed. She was on her knees and jerked back, falling on to her left hand and hip, in a wild endeavour to get back from the advancing thing. With her right hand she was grabbing madly for her ivory-gripped Volcanic Navy pistol which she had let slip. The brutal thing came with one great sweep straight towards her. Mrs. Winchester yelled. Then, just as suddenly as it had swept over, it seemed to be hurled back by some mighty, invisible force. It was some moments before she realized that she was safe, and then she got herself together, feeling horribly done and shaken and glancing round and round the barrier, but the thing had vanished. Yet she had learnt something, for she knew not that the mansion was haunted. #RandolphHarris 1 of 10

Suddenly, as Mrs. Winchester crouched there, she saw what had so nearly given the monster an opening through the barrier. In her movements within the halls of her mansion, she noticed that the door to nowhere was open. She closed it and felt almost safe again. For a long time, she felt uneasy, as she saw odd wavering over among the shadows near the door to nowhere. And a minute afterwards the door was opened and slammed wide with tremendous force. The next instant the thing made one swift, vicious dart at her from the shadows. Instinctively she started sideways from it and so plucked her hand from upon the fireplace poker, though—owning to her inconceivable foolishness—it had been enabled for a second time to pass through the door to nowhere. She shook for a time with sheer fear. Mrs. Winchester moved right to the center of a pentacle in the room and knelt there, making herself as small and compact as possible. She could not be sure if she was being influenced unconsciously or was she in danger? With her suspicious watchfulness, a mysterious hand materialized out of the shadows and seemed to leap almost into her face, so nearly did it approach her, but it was thrown back by some altogether enormous, over-mastering force. Yet, apart from the dazed fright in which it left her, she had for a moment that feeling of spiritual sickness, as if some delicate, beautiful, inward grace had suffered which is felt only upon the too near approach of the ab-human and is more dreadful in a strange way than any physical pain that can be suffered. She knew by this more of the extent and closeness of the danger, and for a long time Mrs. Winchester was simply cowed by the brutality of that Force upon her spirit. #RandolphHarris 2 of 10

Mrs. Winchester had retired from the scene and, visiting the ample house from attic to cellar, making sure she was alone, and knew herself in safe possession and, as she tacitly expressed it, let herself go. Then she could, as seemed to her, most intimately wander and wait, linger and listen, feel her fine attention, never in her life before so fine, on the pulse of the great vague place: she preferred the lampless hours and only wished she might have prolonged each day the deep crepuscular spell. Later—rarely much before midnight, but then for a considerable vigil—she watched with her glimmering light; moving slowly, holding it higher, playing it far, rejoicing above all, as much as one might, in open vistas, reaches of communication between rooms and by passages; the long straight chance or show, as she would have called it, for the revelation she pretended to invite. It was a practice Mrs. Winchester found she could perfectly “work” without exciting remark; no one was in the least the wiser for it. She slowly opened some rich music. As she walked along the marble of the hall pavement, large black-and-white squares that she remembered the admiration of her childhood and that had then in her, as she now saw, for the growth of an early conception style. There was the effect of the dim reverberating tinkle of some far-off bell hung in the belfry—in the depths of the house, of the past, of that mystical other World that might have flourished for her had she attended to its midnight hour calls. The mansion held, as it were, this mystical other World, and the indescribably finer murmur of its heart strings was the sigh there, the scarce audible wail it would cry out in the night. #RandolphHarris 3 of 10

With her presence, Mrs. Winchester awakened the ghostly life as the departed soul of the mansion enjoyed. They were mostly shy, but most of the were not really sinister; at least they were not as she had hitherto felt them—before they had taken the Form she so yearned to make them take, the Form she at moments saw herself in the light of fairly hunting on tiptoe, the points of her evening-shoes, from room to room and from storey to storey. However, Mrs. Winchester spent the rest of the night in a haze of sick fright and so tense that she could not make a single movement naturally. She was in such fear that any desire for action that came to her might be prompted by the Influence that she knew was at work on her. And outside of the barrier that ghastly thing went round and round, grabbing and grabbing in the air at her. There was a horrible wind blowing upon her from the corner of the room to the left of her bed. Then, just as the first touch of dawn came into the sky the unnatural wind ceased in a single moment and she could see no sigh of the hand. The dawn came slowly and presently the wan light filled. However, at about midnight, Mrs. Winchester had a queer knowledge that something was near to her, yet nothing happened for a whole hour after that. Then suddenly she felt the cold, queer wind begin to blow upon her. To her astonishment it seemed now to come from behind her and she whipped round with a hideous quake of feat. The wind hit her in the face. It was flowing up from the floor close to her. She started in a sickening maze of new frights. What on Earth had she done now! Suddenly, as she stared, bewildered, she was aware that there was something queer about her—a funny shadow movement and convolutions. She looked at them stupidly. And then, abruptly, Mrs. Winchester knew that the wind was blowing up at her from the floor. #RandolphHarris 4 of 10

A queer indistinct smoke became visible to her, seeming to pour upwards through the ring and mix with the moving shadows. Suddenly she realized that she was in more than any mortal danger, for the convoluting shadows about the floor were taking shape and the deadly-man in a top hate was forming within the room. “My goodness,” she said, “This forces has found a ‘gateway’ into my home and the brute is coming through—pouring into the material World, as gas might pour out from the mouth pipe.” Mrs. Winchester knelt for a couple of moments in a sort of stunned fright. Then with a mad, awkward movement, she grabbed for the fireplace poker and something invisible, something living, was jerking t hither and tither. In an instant, it was torn from her grasp with incredible and brutal force. A great black shadow covered it and rose into the air and came at her. She saw that it was the man, vast and nearly in perfect form. Mrs. Winchester gave one crazy yell and jumped over the pentacle and the ring of burning candles and ran despairingly for the door. She fumbled idiotically and ineffectually with the key, and all the time she started, with the feat that was like insanity, toward the Barriers. The man with the top hat was floating towards her. However, the monster was chained, unable to reach her bed. She sprang from the room and slammed the door with a crash. Mrs. Winchester locked it and got to her Blue Séance Room, somehow; for she was trembling so that she could hardly stand, as you can imagine. She locked herself in the room and managed to get the candle lit; then she laid down on the floor and kept quiet for an hour or two, and so she grew steadier. #RandolphHarris 5 of 10

Mrs. Winchester got some rest, but when she woke, she was surrounded by a glowing star of a pentacle. Apparently Mrs. Winchester had tried an exorcism. Exorcism is the process of expelling evil spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations, incantations, magic acts, and formulas. Among ancient peoples, exorcise depended largely o the efficacy of magical formulas, commonly compounded of the names of deities, and repeated with magical ritual over the bodies or object that is possessed. Power to expel evil spirits supposedly resided in the words themselves. Therefore, great importance was attached to the correct recital of the right formulas and the meticulous observance of the prescribed ritual. The recovery of important incantation texts and magical papyri from Babylonian, Assyrian, and Egyptian antiquity demonstrates the widespread believe in demon inhabitation and use of exorcisms. The same prevalence of demon inhabitation has been encountered in the Worldwide missionary outreach from about 1750 to the present. The penetration of China, India, Japan, Burma, Ceylon, and other countries with the Christian gospel has revealed the hold of demonism on pagan cultures and the varied methods of exorcism of evil spirits. The same phenomena exist among primitive people of South America, Africa, and the islands of the sea. The theory is that spirits seek to inhabit the bodies of men (and also animals) to find a resting place and in some inscrutable way obtain physical gratification. When the demon-possessed is in the demonized state and unconscious, inflected physical pain or pleasure is supposedly transferred to the possessing spirit. Discomfort will drive one out of his abode. #RandolphHarris 6 of 10

When prostituted into a ritualistic rigmarole, as in white magic, it becomes a deceiving tool in the hands of Satan’s agents to delude the undiscerning by false miracles and spurious healings. Such diabolic miracles do not destroy Satan’s kingdom, but build it up. Diabolical exorcism does not produce true dispossession, but a mere reallocation. Demonic healing may relieve physical symptoms, but substitute a physical ill or doctrinal form of error. This subterfuge explains in part the increase of theological decadence and phenomenal growth of sect and cults within professing Christianity in these latter days. Under demon control, one of Mrs. Winchester’s servants, a young lady, insisted she must dance for the construction workers, which she did wildly and uncontrollably and with every evidence of demon possession. She became so violent that the only way to control her was to hold her by the hair. Her violent jerking almost pulled out her hair. When the young lady came to, she was asked why she was lying on the floor, but she did not know. She was asked if anyone had pulled her hair, she disavowed any knowledge of it. When she was asked to dance, she replied, “No. I do not know how to dance.” She was sweet, modest, and quiet and completely delivered from the demon that her possessed her. White magic is not always so easy to see its true nature. This form of magic more widespread than black magic, the reason being that it often hides itself behind a religious exterior. Hence, as we have said before, one needs to have great discernment in these matters in order to recognize the forces that are actually being called into play. #RandolphHarris 7 of 10

The religious trimmings can be very deceptive. Again an example: A farm worker at the Winchester mansion was told by a doctor that he would have to have his leg amputated. Because he wanted to save his leg at all costs he went to visit a magic charmer without the doctor’s knowledge. This man told him, “You will have to believe me if you want to be healed.” He went on to repeat a magic charm and then said the Lord’s prayer three times. The man’s pain immediately vanished and when he returned to the hospital it was no longer necessary for his leg to be amputated. The doctors were puzzled. Later however, the man began to suffer from various psychic disturbances and his family to became accident-prone after this. White magic is more often than not accompanied by certain symbols that may include the use of the names of the Trinity, three Lord’s prayers, three verses of Scripture, three psalms, or three crosses and so on. People are thereby deceived and the method of healing is thus often mistaken for true Christian healing. In reality however, the third commandment is being broken, which says, “You shall not take the name of the Lord you God in vain.” Man cannot dictate to God, and man cannot treat God as a servant who is willing to jump to the aid of every magic charmer who so invokes Him. The Bible relegates both charming and the mechanical use of the Scriptures themselves to the level of sorcery, and so we find that white magic is merely black magic under a different guise. Satan is indeed transformed into an angel of light. The sense of compulsion connected with white magic is something quite different from the attitude of faith in the Christian who says, “They will be done.” #RandolphHarris 8 of 10

Black magic becomes a minor legend for its exuberant offensiveness. Blasphemy is a regular component in life, while the most innovative creators in in this maturing medium of occultism shows increasing sympathy for the Devil. Satanic fringes are part of popular culture. People are so bored with the normal that they seek out the occult. Many people want to have a supernatural experience so they can feel alive, be entertained, and have something to talk about. Some people have a great fascination for all that is dark, forbidden, and feared. They consider the Devil their personal God. A daily routine of ritual and magic is normal for some. It is a way for them to open doors to outer gateways and let the Dark Ones march through. Often times, paintings can function as sigils [occult symbols], and create change in accordance with the Magician’s desires, and ultimately fashion a new Dark Aesthetic, and the creation of a Universal Satanic Necropolis. Artwork or any craft can be fueled by the powers of Satan, and it is possible that it will become popular for people who do great works to say, “the Devil made me do it.” Events, ranging from fires and weird illnesses to Earthquakes and ritual murders have been blamed on certain objects, art, and people, and that is why you will notice certain events get cancelled, have to be rescheduled and so forth. This is also why some have to take out extra insurance for their work, family members or property. Handlers have gotten wind of past experiences. Schedasi, Weduse, Tiwisi—I have sinned, I shall sin. Prayer—Eternal God of our all! Our God! hear our voice, spare and have mercy upon us. Accept our prayer in mercy and with pleasure. I have sinned. I have committed transgressions. I have sinned before Thee; I have done that which is displeasing unto Thee here in the Earth. #RandolphHarris 9 of 10

For the sake of Thy great name pardon me all the sins and iniquities and transgression which I have committed against Thee from my youth. Perfect again all the holy names which I have blemished, great champion, terrible, highest God, eternal Lord, God Sabaoth. In the mystery of these vestures of the Holy Ones, I gird up my power in the girdles of righteousness and in truth in the power of the Most High: Ancor: Amacor: Amides: Thoedonias: Anitor: let be might by power: let it endure for ever: in the power of Adonai, to whom the praise and the glory shall be; whose end cannot be. I invoke and move thee, O thou Spirit Purson: and being exalted above ye in the power of the Most High, I say unto thee, Obey! in the name Beralensis, Baldachuensis, Paumachia, and Apologiae Sedes: and of the mighty ones who govern, spirits, Liachidae and ministers of the House of Death: and by the Chief Prince of the seat of Apologia in the Ninth Legion, I do invoke thee and my invoking conjure thee. Ans being exalted above ye in the power of the Most High, I say unto thee, Obey! in the name of him who spake and it was, to whom all creatures and things obey. Moreover I, whom God made in the likeness of God, who is the creator according to his living breath, stir thee up in my name which is the voice of wonder of the mighty God. We need to come to understand that when creating changes within self for the sake of empowerment our external reality also begins to shift reflecting that internal empowerment. When working toward creating external shifts within our external reality our spirit is also empowered by simply exercising our own divine power. #RandolphHarris 10 of 10

Winchester Mystery House

A new chapter of Unhinged is coming this Fall. Stay tuned🤫 https://www.winchestermysteryhouse.com/

Time is Running Out—Stop Buying Time for Error

A mob, which is generally the growth of a redundant population goaded by resentment for real sufferings, but totally ignorant of the quarter from which they originate, is of all monsters the most fatal to freedom. It fosters a prevailing tyranny and engenders on where it was not; and though in its dreadful fits of resentment it appears occasionally to devour its unsightly offspring; yet no sooner is the horrid deed committed, than, however unwilling it may be to propagate such a breed, it immediately groans with a new birth. Of the tendency of mobs to produce tyranny we may not, perhaps, be long without an example in this country…If political discontents were blended with cries of hunger, and a revolution were to take place by the instrumentality of a mob clamoring for want of food, the consequences would be unceasing carnage, a bloody career of which nothing but the establishment of some complete despotism could arrest. The word degenerate, which applied to a people means (as it ought to mean) that the people has no longer the same intrinsic value as it had before, because it has no longer the same blood in its veins, continual adulterations having gradually affected the quality of that blood. In other words, though the nation bears the same given by its founders, the name no longer connotes the same race; in fact, the man of a decadent time, the degenerate man properly so called, is a different being, from the racial point of view, from the heroes of the great ages. The idea of genocide has been going around—it is something that has been in the Black community for a long time. However, those particular pieces, which seemed to be suggesting that there was a resurgence of this kind of thinking going on, is an immediate cause for looking into it. #RandolphHarris 1 of 21

Although the White community also believes they are facing genocide in America, that is not going to be the focus on this report, but you will notice they are becoming a minority in many communities. Some people wonder what is happening to them as well. There is something wrong and it is very abnormal to pretend, or at least not known that anything is wrong, when it really is a very hurtful thing. Our human civilized stock is far more weakly through congenital imperfection than that of any other species of animals, whether wild or domestic. There is a very gloomy future for humanity, on the ground that in our modern civilization natural selection had no play, and the fittest did not survive. Many feel they are enduring as an extinct person in a society, and what kind of society would require extinctions of people that were not extinct. It is hard to understand and cope with deaf, dumb, and blindness of a public, who one thinks wants to know the truth, but who, in fact, only wants to know what they want to hear. Race is an invention. It is a method of control to obliterate certain people’s reference for land and to impose a reference of domination. Racism is the act of imposing the manifestation of race. You behave in that mental system. It can sometimes be a bureaucratic application of death. White supremacy is the product of domination. That is the definition of American domination…actually, global domination, but more locally, American domination. You have to have a reason. You steal something, you do something wrong, you have to take something over that normally would not come into your possession under moral or normal circumstances. There have to be inventions to keep the whole thing going, and white supremacy, as an idea, has to be something that it put over by force, or demonstration. Perhaps there are superior beings? #RandolphHarris 2 of 21

A conspiracy is a plan. A method. Sometimes conscious, something not. Genocide is a murder of a kind. There are many places in the World where campaigns verging on, if not actually meeting, that standard are going on. I can think of recent incidents. There was, for example, in Nicaragua, the campaign against the Miskito Indians, which—I have not been there but—based on the reports which came out it appeared that it was an ethically based campaign to wipe out that population. Some of what has happened in Brazil to the Amazon tribes, I have not been there, but based on that….I do know first hand that in Africa there are a number of cases of tribal conflict that have verged on, if not actually crossed over into, genocide. So, yeah, it exists, for sure, even now. I think what happened to the Kurds verges on and probably crosses into genocidal campaigns. Sure. It does on. However, what is happening to Black Americans is different. Not only is the race being discriminated against, but so are certain individuals who show promise in their youth. Some politicians find anyway possible to ruin their lives financially, physically, and mentally. It is not that well known about, but becoming more obvious that people are not just crying “wolf.” And sometimes abusers will accuse the powerless victims of what they themselves are guilty of. To make genocide possible or probable, a community has to commit to wiping out another ethnic group on the basis of ethnicity. And secondly, they have to have the power to do that. And again, I do not think in this country, the conditions may pertain because of the hatred that has flared up against certain races of people, which is being stoked by politicians. However, at this point, no government has the power in America to wipe out a race of people for we are not a socialist or communist country yet. #RandolphHarris 3 of 21

The intention of the American government is not to eliminate any one population. While there may be factions of local governments who try to start race wars because they are bitter over something from the past that may not even have anything to do with America, these are still isolated cases. The Armed Forces are very diverse for that sort of thing to be carried out, and I believe if the police suspected something was wrong, they would contact the proper authorities to stop it. There is not much evidence that it is taking place in society, at all, at this time. But, if we become a socialist or communist country, it may become a way of life, which is why a certain political party keeps increasing your taxes, refusing to help citizens, and eroding your civil rights. That is why they are trying to disarm Americans, so they cannot fight back. We have not gotten to the point where one race of people has applied the application of death, and said, “They are red devils, the sin and scum of the Earth! We are chosen by God to kill them all off!” And there has to be a way to carry that out. And since nobody volunteers to be killed off, there has to be some deceit, and other kinds of low-life, immoral methods to trick and exploit and just violate situations, so that genocide can take place. While it was happening in the past, as the brainwashing of society has decreased and more Americans have been exposed to African Americans and see their art and culture, ideas, designs and works, they are more trusting of them and see them as a value to human society. However, there are always going to be a few bad apples in any bunch. However, genocide could take place in a democracy by a majority vote. #RandolphHarris 4 of 21

Yet it is probably unlikely that genocide would take place. That is why the United States of America, has constitutional protections: To protect human life, because it is not always possible. The mass hysteria that attended the rise of Nazism in Germany could conceivably take rise in any society in the World, if you had sufficient friction, and the right ethnic group, and the right sort of numbers involved. Again, I do not think that pertains to the United States of America, but it is conceivable it could occur somewhere else, and probably has. At this point, it does not seem, that democracy is possible with genocide, because genocide is extreme repression-oppression and elimination-obliteration. And democracy in interaction of interdependent peers that are able to articulate, not only to others, but to themselves. They are aware. They have language. They have access to self-empowering skills, and ideas, and entities. And most important to that is a sense of selfhood. Not invented manifestations of oppression, like racializing. We are dehumanized into other definitions that make us think we are not people. Victims can play certain roles in a genocidal process that facilitates genocide. For one, by not fighting back. Now recognizing what is happening to them, not fighting back. Many people criticize the Black Lives Matter movement or those who believe they are Aryan Supermen, but there is a reason they hold their beliefs and do what they do to stand up for their rights. However, genocide is not something that is happening on a wide scale in America. There is a process of scapegoating, in which people find it much more easy…to project these kind of fantasies onto a structure that they have been opposed to—and for good reason—that they are skeptical of, that they are suspicious of, and fearful of, and when they have got a heck of a problem of their own, is to insist that someone is doing this to them. #RandolphHarris 5 of 21

It is a natural human instinct: To scapegoat when you have got an insoluble problem and you feel strongly that somebody has malign intentions for you. By accepting the fact, and being aware that one has a selfhood, outside of the genocidal process, this is what makes one unwilling to volunteer to be killed anymore, spiritually or physically. They can help in the genocidal process by denial—by denying that there is a genocidal process. And being compulsive, which results in addictions of any type. It would almost, in modern times, be impossible to exterminate a race of people in America. Not only because they would not go down supinely, but also because they have many allies. It does will not happen, as long as we are a capitalistic society, ruled by Americans. When you start killing off a race of people, you are being killed, too. By just trying to figure out what is “a Black person” on the way to the gas chamber, one is going to have a very difficult time sometimes with their paper-bag test. It is not always going to work, first of all And we just do not always know who is who and who does not have the one drop of quote-unquote, “Black blood,” which is the most ridiculous idea that could have come out of this whole thing; one of many. And in such a drive act, if anybody were to try to do such a thing, it would result in such madness that it would be impossible to think anybody could get away with such a thing without destroying themselves. Fostering the good-for-nothing at the expense of the good is an extreme cruelty. It is a deliberate storing up of miseries for future generations. There is no greater curse to posterity than that of bequeathing them an increasing population of imbeciles. #RandolphHarris 6 of 21

However, cultural genocide is a concept that makes some sense. There is still racial oppression on the harshest sort of scale, and it may be considered a sort of genocide. Oppression by enforced violence might be considered genocide because it allows a group of people to break the bread winners of the family, which makes it harder for them and their children to survive, which means they have a disadvantage at life and are less likely to reproduce and survive. At the present time considerable alarm has been expressed at the apparently growing disinclination of American women to bear children, and a cry has been raised against what people call race suicide. The eugenic ideal which is now developing is not an artificial product, but the reasoned manifestation of a natural instinct, which has often been far more severely strained by any eugenic ideals of the future. The new ideal ill be absorbed into the conscience of the community, whether or not like a new kind of religion, and will instinctively and impulsively influence the impulses of men and women. It will do all this the more surely since, unlike the taboos of savage societies, the eugenic ideal will lead men and women to reject as partners only the men and women who are naturally unfit—the diseased, the abnormal, the weaklings—and conscience will this be on the side of impulse. Anytime you have a seizure of land by people who would not come in that position under moral or normal circumstances, you have to have genocide is the thought. That is why so many people in North Dakota are upset that back in November of 2022, Red River Trust, also known as Bill Gates, quietly purchased 2,001 acres of farmland that spans two counties and costs $13.5 million dollars. In fact, Bill Gates is the largest holder of farmland in America. He owns 269,000 acres of farmland in America. And Gates is not the only one buying up land. A Chinese company and food manufacturer purchased 300 acres near Grandforest and twenty minutes from the Grandforest Air Force base. With how the media dethroned and banned President Trump from social media, this should be a real huge concern for democracy. #RandolphHarris 7 of 21

The Survivor: An Anatomy of the Death Camps, is a book by Depres where he refers to the accusation and the confession: Where the Nazis would beat the prisoners, or harass them, or browbeat them so badly into confessing to something that they did not do, and one survivor had described that “to confess to them, was to say to them, and to yourself, that you never were who you had been.” And to get you to confess or to submit to my system of surrendering your wallet, you have to do some mental rearranging, in order to agree to do that. To cope with doing that. to make that seem all right with you. So whenever there is an issue of seized land, that is what is going to go hand-in-hand with it. Just like, scientifically, genocide cannot go hand-in-hand with democracy, geocide goes hand-in-hand with seizure of land. Where they have no selfhood, because everybody’s identity depends on the domination of another, and where that power is traded off, back and forth, interchangeably. Some many people are now giving credit to such an idea of genocide because of the ravages of crack, fentanyl, meth, marijuana, high homicide rates of Black youth, the high infant morality rate of Black infants, the shorter life expectancy of Black men in particular, higher rates of cancer, COVID, and other certain diseases that take place in the Black community, the marketing of liquor and cigarettes in the Black community—all those thing, I think, tend to give people the idea that there is a racist conspiracy to exterminate them. However, White men also fear that they are now becoming targets. People are targeting police and killing them and many of them are predominately White. Also, it seems in is now impossible for a White many to win an election in America, even if he seems more qualified than his democratic opponent. #RandolphHarris 8 of 21

Also, most soldiers in America are White and they are often sent overseas and die or come home injured, and do not have many benefits when they come home. There is developing in America, an environment of extreme terror. People are responding in terms of genocidal acts of aggression against them, because of how brutal things are and can be. And also, as DePres has said in his book, that a lot of people refused to believe that it was going on in Nazi Germany, too. And it was just that people who, “live decently,” do not want to think that there is anything going on around them that could mean a guilt on their part, or an examination of their lives, or a questioning of their own motives or failure to do something about it. However, that has its opposite reaction: For all of that denial, you also have that very same panic and fear. Not that the fears of the people are unfounded, but from the absolute fright of what is going on—which is so obvious to them, but is totally deniable and invisible to others who seem to willfully not want to address it or change it. There is another form of absolute terror! When you totally rearrange what is going on around you into “Mumbo Jumbo,” or to trivialize it, to the point of contempt, is another form of denial. To say it is not true, to trivialize. Some people even believe that African-Americans who have become mayors and police chiefs in dozens of cities are either willing participants in Black genocide or inept dupes. It is not a matter of somebody being stupid. That is one of the tricks about abuse victims in a dysfunctional family situation. You are told that what happened to you is because you are stupid and it was your fault. Or that you wanted it that way and you cause what happened to you to happen. See, it is none of the above. #RandolphHarris 9 of 21

When you are talking about a behavioral system, then you are talking about a dysfunctional situation, like a family or a society. When you are looking at the behavior reference, the ongoing process, then you know it is not a matter of villains and heroes, but a sickness, and people can do things compulsively. You can tell certain people that the Surgeon General warns against cigarette smoke and vaping and that 90 percent of street drug pills tested in Sacramento County are fake and mixed with fentanyl, and can be hazardous to their health and even deadly, and they will agree with you! They have their throat out, and they are smoking through the hole in their throat. It has nothing to do with intellectualizing, or an intellectual understanding, or a willful act to destroy yourself, as much as it is the addiction and the compulsion from a dependency disorder. Benign neglect works in a genocidal process. The Black population has decreased since 2010 from 12.6 percent of the American population to 12.4 percent in 2020. One can brutalize you without touching you, without hitting you. One can just not speak to you. One can be cold where you might need approval, or one might need nurturing. One can just not nurture you. One can not interact with you. One can set up situations so that you never self-actualize; you can never imagine or create vision about yourself, because there is no such thing as a “you.” And at the same time one can clothe you. It is important to have a strong mind, and be able to understand what your strengths are, and the power that you have, so that you can always make your own decisions. But there is a genocidal process, or an obliterating process to both human beings. So the benign neglect concept works very well. #RandolphHarris 10 of 21

In fact, it is operational in the mechanics of ultimate despair, and that means, “I have nothing left to lose,” which means I can kill myself, or harm others. It really depends on how one expresses anger, internally or externally. There is some selective law enforcement that goes on quite a bit, even when a prosecutor does not have a case, they have ways to pressure people into not going to a trial and admitting to the charges and can follow and terrorize that person for one’s entire life, even though it is illegal, but no one will say anything. Not even the judge. The police are much more prone to arrest Blacks. The criminal justice system, for a whole variety of reasons, is much more likely to convict Blacks in these crimes. They do not have access to the same quality of lawyers, same kind of finances that help in a legal defense strategy and so forth. However, the majority of people in jail belong there, and there are people in jail who are innocent. There is a whole body of sociological theory that demonstrates that people who are poor and who are oppressed tend to commit more crimes. So, just because your income is not as high as someone else’s or because of the color of your skin, you may be accused of causing accidents you are not at fault at, insurance companies may not think you have credibility because you are Black, or because your income is lower than someone else’s, you made be confused of crimes more often. In American you have a Black marginalized population, who people have been brainwashed into think are not valuable. You have a huge White majority and a lot of new immigrants who sometimes still prescribe to these old ideas. Therefore people fear Blacks for a variety of reasons, some justified, some not. Even successful, just getting started or established Blacks can be considered a threat. Much like poor, middle-class and rich White men are starting to be seen as a threat. #RandolphHarris 11 of 21

True aristocracy is governed by the wisest and best, always a small minority in the population. Human society is like a serpent dragging its long body on the ground, but with the head always thrust a little in advance and a little elevated above the Earth. The serpent’s tail, in human society represented by the antisocial forces, was in the past dragged by sheer force along the path of progress. Such has been the organization of mankind from the beginning, and such it still is in older communities than ours. What progress humanity can make under the control of universal suffrage, or the rule of the average, may find a further analogy in the habits of certain snakes which wiggle sideways and disregard the head with its brain and eyes. Such serpents, however, are not noted for their ability to make rapid progress. Enlightenment rejected that moderate Socratic compromise between society and philosophy, poetry and science, which had governed intellectual life for so long and had made possible the foundation of political science. However, unlike pre-Socratic philosophy, which had no interest in politics at all, this science wished to rule and conclude rule. The new science had indeed generated sufficient power to rule, but in order to do so had had to lose the human perspective. In other words, some deny that modern science has actually established a human or political science. All to the contrary, it had destroyed it. Such a political science would, in the first place, have to understand man as man, and not as a geometric figure with flesh on it. In the second place, it would have to ensure the harmony between the good of science or scientists and that of a decent political community. On the Flying Island, neither condition is met. In particular, the scientists exploit the nonscientists at to live their version of the contemplative life in safety and comfort. #RandolphHarris 12 of 21

More simply put, the scientists in power and with power do not give a care about mankind at large. The whole conspiracy is like any other. The potential tyrant speaks in the name of the common good but is seeking a private good. Bacon’s House of Solomon in the New Atlantis is just propaganda for the Flying Island. The scientists want to live as they please—delighting in numbers, figures, and starts—and are no longer obliged to hide their desires. The people still have a means of making themselves felt, but they are essentially enslaved to what scientists provide for them. The scientists can cut off the sun’s light to the World below. Natural science very quickly withdrew from the Enlightenment project as a whole, leaving the human parts of it to fend for themselves. The laws of nature were scientific, but natural science no longer claimed to be able to legislate human laws, leaving political science out in the cold, without a rational or scientific basis. Instead of being real partners in the business of overthrowing the antiscientific regimes of the past, the scientists became fellow travelers. Once theological supervision was defeated and everyone accepted the need for scientists instead of priest, science was free and used them. Early Enlightenment thinkers appear to have believed that there was a perfect coincidence between rational consent of the governed and the freedom of science. However, science could not rationalize all men, and turned out not to have to, inasmuch as it became able to force whatever rulers there are to support it and leave it alone. #RandolphHarris 13 of 21

When there were still rulers who would in principle persecute a Galileo if they found out what he was up to—because his investigations undermined their legitimacy, founded on sacred texts—scientist were natural allies of all opponents of these rulers. The fascination of early modern thought with the ecclesiastical authority as the one great danger to freedom of thought caused the philosophers to believe that the alliance formed to overthrow it was permanent. In the event, it turned out that once there were secular rulers who had no absolute commitment to a nonrational or unscientific view of nature, the nonhuman part of the Enlightenment was immune. Self-interest, the great modern motivating principle, no longer dictated concern for the other thinkers, and science or reason, which appeared now to belong utterly to the natural philosopher, no longer gave the political and moral thinkers any warrant. In short, the common front presented by human and natural science in the name of democracy became an ideology. The condition of natural science in Russian is dreadful tyranny founded on science. And natural science, alone among the learned disciplines, and natural scientists, alone among the learned disciplines, and natural scientists, along among human beings, have been able to force the tyrants to leave them alone. A Russian mathematician is as much a mathematician as an American mathematician, whereas a historian or a political scientist must be a sham, a party hack. Natural science can now flourish in Russia, because Russian tyrants have finally recognized their unconditional need of the scientists. They cannot endure the historians or political scientists, and they do not have to. These latter are not of the same species as the natural scientists, either in the eyes of the natural scientists or those of the tyrants. #RandolphHarris 14 of 21

Most unpleasant of all is that this dreadful regime gets its power to maintain its rule from the natural science. As sciences they are neutral, expect with respect to what concerns their interests, and cannot judge Biden to be superior to Stalin. This would have probably been true of pre-Socratics too, but they did not generate political power. They were indifferent to political regimes and provided aid and comfort to none. The new scientists are the cause of all. The pre-Socratics lived in splendid isolation as models of the theoretical life. Natural scientists now project an ambiguous image. Although they may be truly theoretical, thy do not appear that way to untheoretical men. Their involvement in human things gives them a public role as curers of diseases and inventors of nuclear weapons, as bastions of democracy and bastions of totalitarianism. Andrei Sakharov is humanly most impressive, but his stand for human rights does not follow from his science and, to day the least, does not guarantee him the fellowship of other Soviet scientists. The new dispensation has protected science; it has done nothing to give scientists control over the uses of the results of science, or the wherewithal to know how to use those results, if they were indeed able to gain control over them. Natural science in the long run won out over the Party when its results clashed with Marxist orthodoxy, but it could not control the Party’s political action. And no future tyrant is likely to imitate Hitler’s doctrinarism, which caused him to send Jewish scientists to his enemies to insure his defeat. Science in that sense moderate potential Hitlers—but only in that sense. In general it increases man’s power without increasing his virtue, hence increasing his power to do both good and evil. #RandolphHarris 15 of 21

The total picture is one of great danger resulting from the political involvement of science. Some people asset that we have to reinvent politics in order to meet the danger. Politics was already reinvented by the founders of Enlightenment, and that is the problem. It turned out that natural science had nothing to say about human things, about the uses of science for life or about the scientists. When a poet writes about a poet, he does so as a poet. When a scientist talks about scientists, he does not do so as a scientist. If he does so, he uses none of the tools he uses in his scientific activity, and his conclusions have none of the demonstrative character he demands in his science. Science had broken off from the self-consciousness about science that was the core of ancient science. This loss of self-consciousness is somehow connected with the banishment of poetry. One does not overlook the fact that religion has at times sacrificed both personal and eugenic values. Cases of flagellation and religious celibacy come to mind as two spectacular instances. Since progress toward eugenic ideals is hampered by the present inadequate motivation toward eugenic conduct, the eugenicist looks with eager hope to religion for possible aid. Yet, unfortunately, it is necessary to admit that to date religion has contributed, along with some slight eugenic motivation, a large mixture of dysgenic motivation. If, on the average, the religious celibates were inferior, there would be no net eugenic loss, but this is not the case, especially with many celibate males who are held to high scholastic standards. Our most serious problems are not technical, nor do they arise from inadequate information. If a nuclear catastrophe occurs, it shall not be because of inadequate information. #RandolphHarris 16 of 21

Where people are dying of starvation, it does not occur because of inadequate information. If families break up, children are mistreated, crime terrorizes a city, education is impotent, it does not happen because of inadequate information. Mathematical equations, instantaneous communication, and vast quantities of information have nothing whatever to do with any of these problems. And the computer is useless in addressing them. And yet, because of its “universality,” the computer compels respect, even devotion, and argues for a comprehensive role in all fields of human activity. Those who insist that it is foolish to deny the computer vast sovereignty are singularly devoid of what Paul Goodman once called “technological modesty”—that is, having a sense of the whole and not claiming or obtruding more than a particular function warrants. Norbert Wiener warned about lack of modesty when he remarked that, if digital computers had been in more common use before the atomic bomb was invented, people would have said that the bomb could not have been invented without computers. However, it was. And it is important to remind ourselves of how many things are quite possible to do without the use of computers. When the Dallas Cowboys were consistently winning football championships, their success was attributed to the fact that computers were used to evaluate and select team members. During the past several years, when Dallas has been hard put to win more than a few games, not much has been said about the computers, perhaps because people have realized that computers have nothing to do with winning football games, and never did. One might say the same about writing lucid, economical, stylish prose, which has nothing to do with word processors. Although my students do not believe it, it is actually possible to write well without a processor and, I should say, to write poorly with one. #RandolphHarris 17 of 21

Technological immodesty is always an acute danger in Technopoly, which encourages it. Technopoly also encourages insensitivity to what skills may be lost in the acquisition of new ones. It is important to remember what can be done without computers, and it is also important to remind ourselves of what may be lost when we do use them. Shashank Joshi, who rases soy on two acres in India’s Madya Pradesh state, is also providing online price information to farmers—but as part of a business-cum-social innovation called e-choupal.ITC, one of India’s biggest corporations, needed a better system for procuring the soy, tobacco, coffee, wheat and other crops its exports. Which was why it set up its own I.T. network for thousands of growers in rural India. It provided computers to Joshi and others like him. In return, the recipient agreed to turn his home into a choupal, or gathering place, where the less affluent could come to meet, chat, drink tea—and find out the latest prices for their crops in local, government-mandated markets. Or, for that matter, on the Chicago Board of Trade. According to Kuttayan Annamalai and Sachin Rao of the World Resources Institute, each choupal computer serves “an average of 600 farmers in 10 surrounding villages.” In addition to tracking prices, the grower can learn about new farming techniques—either directly from the screen or, because many farmers are illiterate, with help from the host farmers, or sanchalak. Some online information is rewritten by the farmers themselves to make it more reader-friendly. The sanchalak receives a commission from ITC for purchases made through him but “is obligated by public oath to serve the entire community.” #RandolphHarris 18 of 21

The bottom line: When ITC buys from the farmers, it is at the previous day’s closing price. Only then does the farmer transport his crop to an ITC processing center. And prices average 2.5 percent higher than those available to him in the government market system. The basement line: Despite India’s success in attracting outsourced high-tech business from the United States of America and elsewhere, and despite e–choupals and many other innovations and experiments, the country has an even longer way to go than China in closing the digital divide. Price information and a few tips on how to improve a crop are the least of the Internet’s potential for the rural poor. The Web, is in fact, the World’s smartest agronomist, offering no few than 21 million agriculture sites, accessible by plant, region, climate, ecology, chemistry, biology and just about every other topic of relevance to a farmer. Rural villagers can teach outsiders plenty about courage, grit, humor in the face of hardship, and about coming to terms with bitter reality. And arrogant, ignorant outsiders traipsing into a village to “help” deserve the scorn they often receive. However, as the price of computers continues to rise, along with the costs of cell phones and other tools that put isolated minds in contact with one another, nothing is more important than opening villages to the rich (and enriching) flow of outside knowledge. In a World in which knowledge and its component information and data are more and more inextricably linked to wealth creation, villagers need to know about matters that never seemed to matter. About the dangers of new plant and animal diseases from distant sources, about the changing value not merely of crops but of land and supplies, about looming environmental dangers (and opportunities), about new ways to fight corrpt local officials, about breakthroughs in medical care, and about other ways of life—including the lives of the children they have sorrowfully sent to the cities. #RandolphHarris 19 of 21

Today’s best knowledge tools, including the Internet, are still rudimentary, still maldistributed across the World, still clunky to use and still difficult for illiterates—no matter how intelligent—to navigate without help from intermediaries. (It may seem odd at first glance, but cracking the remaining barriers to inexpensive, simple speech-recognition technology could have a dramatic effect on village life and oral cultures by making it possible for millions to use the Net without first having to become literate. Few advances could do more to close the digital divide.) Yet the Internet, mobile phones and cam-phones, handled monitors and their successors technologies will be as fundamental a part of tomorrow’s agriculture as the shovel and the hoe have been throughout history. In 1976, Merrill Lynch’s total revenues, after ninety-one years of doing business, reached the magic billion-dollar mark. Ten years later, information and information technology had become so important that DuWayne Peterson, Merrill’s head of systems Operations and Telecommunications, by himself presided over an annual budget of $800 million—and that was only part of the total spent on information services. Merrill Lynch was basically divided into two parts. Its Capital Markets people created “products”—specialized funds, underwriting, stock and bond offerings—a dizzying profusion of investment vehicles. They also disbursed the capital raised by the firm. Its Retail people, by contrast—some 11,000 securities brokers in 500 branches—sold the products to investors. These two sides of the house were almost like two different political parties or tribes. Each had its own culture, leaders, and specialized needs. Each placed different demands on Merrill’s information systems. #RandolphHarris 20 of 21

On the Capital Market side, it was all real-time…It all happened in the now, the profit and loss, the inventories, the prices…everything had to be there, real time. It was thought to be bad on the Retail side. When the vice president got to the Capital Markets side, he walked into a whole different World…different people…with different attitudes. The data center ran differently obviously. The programmers and the people who managed them were different. The talents they needed, the knowledge of business, the understanding of the products, the integration of product and technology—he had never seen it quite as intense. Not surprisingly, there was a fundamental tension between the two sides of the house, and they wanted quite different things from the huge budget for information services and technology. Capital Markets was constantly demanding instantaneous, highly analyzed and sophisticated date, while Retail needed more transactional data, but less refined and complex information. A similar tension is found in many of the other big financial firms. Thus, those mostly concerned with assembling and providing capital—the Salomon Brothers, First Bostons, Morgan Stanleys, and Goldman, Sachses—invent more heavily in information and communications systems, as a rule, than those firms, like Merrill, Shearson, or Hutton, that are still primarily oriented toward retail securities. At Merrill the collision between the two sides of the house ended with a political battle royal and the departure of the CEO, a man regarded as sympathetic to the Capital Markets people and their informational needs. While the budget for information systems was not the critical factor in the Merrill case, it is likely to become more and more central to corporate politics as computers and communication begin to charge strategies and missions at the very highest levels. #RandolphHarris 21 of 21

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