The most attractive solution to the problems of human existence, to the tragic sense of is, is the hope for eternal life expressed in human’s perennial hunger for immortality. God said, “Get out of your country, from your family and from your father’s house, to a land that I will show you. I will make you a great nation; I will bless you and make your name great; and you shall be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him or her who curses you; and in you all the families of the Earth shall be blessed” (Genesis 12.1-3). This hunger has two dimensions—it refers either to the nondestruction of the soul with the Universe or the totality of being. The destruction of a human’s consciousness is an a priori impossibility: We cannot even conceive of the nonexistence of consciousness, since that conception is itself an act of consciousness. Human is nothing if he or she is not everything—to exist is yearning to reach all space, all time, all being. To be a man or a woman is to seek to become God. Unless human is God, he is not even human: Either all or nothing. We ask not only if we can ever know the truth of statements about the past, or whether we can ever be sure of the existence of minds other than our own.  #RandolphHarris 1 of 14

The existence of God is the supreme cause. Creatures are infinite, God is infinite. Seeing God as the ultimate cause of all perfections; and recognizing the transcendence of those perfections in God; God created the Universe in a hierarchical order ranging from the first luminous intelligence through lesser intelligences, human, animals, elements, and material principles. In all creatures there is a real distinction between essence and existence, and in all material substances there is only one substantial form. Created intellectual substances, seeing the eternal Ideas in God, illuminate lesser intelligences to know truth. The human mind has four immediately evident (per se nota) rules by which it can investigate theology, the science of the faith: God is the supreme Truth and cause of all truth; primary Truth can neither deceive nor be deceived, therefore his Word should be believed; we should believe everything clearly revealed by God through his spokesmen; Scripture is true precisely because God gave it to us in that way. Unlike these rules, the articles of faith are not immediately evident, but in the light of faith and these rules, the articles of faith become objects of scientific study. #RandolphHarris 2 of 14

Beauty is characteristically pleasurable. Ethical attitudes vary much more, from society to society and even between individuals, than do our beliefs about the external World or other people’s feelings. The patent fact of ethical disagreement forces us to re-examine the bases of our moral beliefs. Furthermore, the disagreements we encounter concerning moral issues often seem to involve deep matters of principle which leave no common ground between the disputants. This is sometimes referred to as the problem of disagreement about ultimate moral principles. It is this problem—whether ultimate moral principles are susceptible of rational justification—which will be examined. Just as the field of ethics comprises responsible human actions of which some are evil and blameworthy, so, among perceptual objects, there are some which have negative aesthetic value. This does not mean that such objects simply lack the characteristics by virtue of which things are beautiful; it means, rather, that they possess recognizable properties that are opposites of those found in beautiful objects. #RandolphHarris 3 of 14

Existence is a mystery, absurdity is a mystery, and anguish is a mystery. Love is the basic force of human existence. It encompasses all conative relations of humans to being and enables them to overcome anguish of their contingency by giving them the rich feeling of their own existence. The relation between beauty and ugliness has commonly been conceived in hedonistic terms, that is, whereas a beautiful object is a source of pleasure in the spectator, an ugly object arouses its opposite, pain. The proper function of art and life is to create pleasure. Yet, it is clear that there is seeming conflict between this view of the World and the empirical fact that works of art often represent objects and events that are ugly. What type of visual art depicts things which in themselves we view with pain. The painting, picture, or news itself arouses pleasure in some, a phenomenon that is explained by our intellectual interest in recognizing the object. Comedy, moreover, imitates people who are ignorable and therefore ludicrous; and though this is a kind of ugliness, the comedy is, for unspecified reasons, kept from being painful. #RandolphHarris 4 of 14

I supposed it is because the protagonist is a good individual who suffers adversity, tragedy is not merely shocking when we live in a place where stateworkers are forced to take furloughs and Governor Jerry Brown eliminates affordable housing, but raises taxes and spends $30,000,000.00 taxpayer dollars to defend illegal immigrants. This initiates the controversy over the paradox of tragedy that has survived to this present day. Taxation without representation is a situation in which a government, in this case Jerry Brown (governor of California), imposes taxes on a particular group of its citizens, despite the citizens not consenting nor having an actual representative deliver their views when the taxation decision is made. Many people are having a hard time finding jobs and housing because it is too expensive and the City of Sacramento decided it was better to build a $600,000,000.00 sport complex and tear down the mall that was under 20 years old, without voter approval and Jerry Brown cut funding for Sacramento Housing and Redevelopment Agency, which provided houses and apartments that were based on one’s income. #RandolphHarris 5 of 14

Humans are painfully aware of the contingency. That they exist or that one is the particular person he or she happens to be is neither necessary nor permanent. By usurping taxpayer funds, and redistributing them to illegal immigrants, we are displacing many Americans who are born in the United States and lived here all of their lives, but no one is protesting for their rights! This is the same type of situation that trigged the original 13 American colonies to revolt against the British Empire during the Seven Years’ was (1756-1763). Many people believe that the way their tax money is being used is illegal because they have no Parliamentary representation and were denied the right to a trial by jury about the use of their money. How can we support undocumented citizens and build unnecessary bridges when we cannot even afford to take care of our own people nor maintain our infrastructure? As has been shown, this paradox is not the sole instance of the problem of ugliness, but it states the problem most acutely, both because the tragedy is sorrowful or pathetic. Why do we esteem narratives of evil and suffering? #RandolphHarris 6 of 14

Why are we not demanding more affordable housing? The whole ugliness has transcended and instead of protesting about our own needs, everyone is attacking the President about people who have absolutely no right to be here. The tragic melting plot in America has been painful to watch, and therefore ugly.  Simply because democrats and the people they have illegally voting for them and causing chaos in America and stealing American tax money wish to hold that ugliness does not exist, and since their thesis runs counter to ordinary belief, they are constrained to justify it. The unreality of the ugliness is enjoined by the media because they fear American will go back to being a lawful and righteous country and the reporters will no longer be able to run amuck and produce lies and wild facts for entertainment. And 50 percent of the people who regularly watch the news say it is too much and they cannot stand it anymore, so perhaps they need to turn the TV off and let the news ratings fall. So, they can fire the pundants and disrupters. #RandolphHarris 7 of 14

Stated theologically, the World and everything in it has been created by an infinitely good God, as an expression of his goodness; stated metaphysically, existence is not neutral with respect to value and disvalue, but is rather an embodiment, through and through, of beneficial value. In such a World view, the apparent presence of evil of any kind poses a problem, and I consider sin and blindness just such problems. However, this aesthetic disvalue is a particular issue for me because my conception of reality is conspicuously aesthetic. Aesthetic aspects of life are beautiful and harmonious. All things are images of the ideas of form and harmony that exist in the mind of God, and together they make up an internally ordered unity. Objects are beautiful by virtue of their form, but if there is so, then ugliness does not exist, since sheer formlessness cannot exist. The opposite of beauty is not anything real, but mere the absence or privation of optimistic value. There is a degrees of value characteristic of metaphysical optimism and idealism. An object may not have the form appropriate to things of its kind, but this lack constitutes a relative deficiency of beauty, not sheer ugliness. #RandolphHarris 8 of 14

Moreover, objects that lack a certain degree of aesthetic value must be seen not in isolation, but as parts of the Universe as a whole. Seeming ugliness sets off, and thereby enhances, the beauty of the World. Jerry Brown, Vivek Ranadive, and other dangerous animals, which are not in any clear way lacking in form, but are considered ugly because they are displeasing or offensive to the sight. They are unbeautiful—the mere negative absence of beauty—conforming to a belief that language and practices which could offend political sensibilities (as in matters of sex or race) should be eliminated—rather than the ugly. Ugliness itself is a species of beauty that is present whenever such concepts as evil and disaster enter into the aesthetic pleasure we gain from the total object. Sometimes we may also want to say people are bad because they express a deficiency or relatively slight degree of aesthetic goodness. The work of Governor Jerry Brown, the City of Sacramento and Vivek Ranadive is less than it promises; they are lacking in vitality, ethics, morals, and charm. The muddy orchestration or incoherent plot structure is, significantly, opposite to orchestral clarity or unity of plot. There is a total absence of compensating virtues. #RandolphHarris 9 of 14

Lying is wrong suggests that the fact that a statement is known to be false is a reason for not making it to someone. Adultery is wrong suggests that the fact that someone is married is a reason for his refraining from the sexual intercourse with any person who is not his spouse. And, again, one ought to be kind suggest that there are reasons for performing kind actions rather than unkind ones. Asserting a moral principle of this kind and denying the suggestion about reasons results in paradox. Saying the governor upholds the law, but then raises taxes and steals money from hard working legal citizens, to redistribute to unlawful immigrants constitutes a lie and fraud. The Bible states that sinners earn the death penalty (Romans 6.23). Forgiveness of those sins requires blood to be shed to satisfy that penalty (Hebrews 9.22). Christ’s sacrifice of himself made is possible to take away the sin of the World (John 1.29). Because he is God, and human beings were created through him (Colossians 1.16), his life is worth immeasurably more than all other human lives throughout history. This, Christ’s sacrifice was more than sufficient as total payment for the death penalty we have earned because of sin. #RandolphHarris 10 of 14

To assuage their anguish, humans must feel in their existence, even of one is lead to suffering. One must learn to experience their uniqueness by expanding the range and the self-consciousness of their perceptions of the World. The central temporal dimension of human existence is the future, which leads to a desire for immortality and to a concern with death. This focus on the future is expressed as a means of both honors and hope and the means of eternal waiting. The structure of the future expresses both human’s determination to continue to live and their permanent dissatisfaction and despair concerning existence. Goals are self-created and are permanent commitments. This covenant with God guarantees a permanent right to the land. It is unconditional, as seen in the statements “God will,” without corresponding obligations. This covenant promises the ultimate return to the land in repentance and faith in circumstances will God will prosper them. This covenant will be fulfilled in the Millennium. Convent theology teaches that God initially made a covenant of works with Adam, promising eternal life for obedience and death for disobedience. Christ is the ultimate mediator of God’s covenant of grace. #RandolphHarris 11 of 14

Truth is subjective, it exists only as it is manifested in authentic belief. Belief, in turn, is an expression of human’s total being and consequently is realized in action. Objective truth is, strictly speaking, a meaningless conception. Through its identity with belief and actions, truth is ultimately an act of will. It is a will to create; and the will as creator wants and loves at the same time. Because of this persona and volitional factor in truth, the opposite of truth is not error but the lie. This subjective view of truth gives a distinct idealistic, even mystical cast to this thought. All knowledge about human and the World is subjective in the sense that it begins with first-person experience. To think of truth as transcending first-person experiences is, strictly speaking, a contradiction, because the very program of transcending first-person experience is a first-person project and concept and a construction. There is, however, another kind of truth, illustrated by mathematics, which is the function of reason alone, whereas true belief is a function of human’s whole being. Reality is a state of permanent flux, so that no two experiences are ever the same. #RandolphHarris 12 of 14

There are two metaphysical alternatives. Reality may be a vast sea of consciousness with my subjectivity at the center. There is no easy way to distinguish this consciousness from a mere dream. Its sole foundation is the fact that I experience it and that I will it to be real. The other view is that the focus of our being may be outside ourselves. We may identify ourselves with the realities of other people, cars, houses, trees, flowers, and mountains. This care and watchfulness over our own actions must be seconded by frequent and serious reflections upon them, not only that we may obtain the divine mercy and pardon for our sins, by an humble and sorrowful acknowledgment of them; but also that we may re-enforce and strengthen out resolutions, and learn to decline or resist the temptations by which we have been formerly foiled. It is an advice worthy of a Christian, though it did first drop from a heathen pen, that before we betake ourselves to rest, we renew and examine all the passages of the day, that we may have the comfort of what we have done aright, and my redress what we find to have done amiss, and make the shipwrecks of one day be as marks to direct our course in another. #RandolphHarris 13 of 14

This may be called the very art of virtuous living, and would contribute wonderfully to advance our reformation, and preserve our innocence. However what we must nor forget to implore the divine assistance, especially against those sins that do most easily beset us: and through it be supposed that our hearts are not yet moulded into that spiritual frame which should render our devotions acceptable; yet, methinks, such considerations as have been proposed to deter us from sin, may also stir us up to some natural seriousness, and make our prayers against it as earnest, at least, as they are wont to be against other calamities: and I doubt not but God, who hear the cry of the ravens, will have some regard even to such petitions as proceed from those natural passions which himself hath implanted in us. Besides, that those prayers against sin, will be powerful engagements on ourselves to excite us to watchfulness and care; and common ingenuity will make us ashamed to relapse into those faults which we have lately bewailed before God, and against which we have begged his assistance. All who rage against you will surely be ashamed and disgraced; those who oppose you will be as nothing and perish. #RandolphHarris 14 of 14