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Come to Me and You Will Find Rest in Your Souls–I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End!
We often worry about what we will be tomorrow, but do not take into account that we are somebody today. Life should be a place of learning suffused with excitement, engagement, passion, challenge, creativity, and joy. When we are in the minority, that is when the test of courage comes; when we are in the majority is when the test of acceptance comes. It is our destiny and the destiny of everything in the World that we must come to an end. Very end that we experience in nature and humankind speaks to us with a loud voice: you also will come to an end! It may reveal itself in the farewell to a place where we have lived for a long time, the separation from the fellowship of intimate associates, the death of someone near to us. Or it may become apparent to us in the failure of a work that gave meaning to us, the end of a whole period of life, the approach of old age, or even in the melancholy side of nature visible in autumn. All this tells us: you will also come to an end. Whenever we are shaken by this voice reminding us of our end, we ask anxiously—what does it mean that we have a beginning and an end, that we come from the darkness of the not yet, and rush ahead towards the darkness of the no more? When Augustine asked this question, he began his attempt to answer it with a prayer. And it is right to do so, because praying means elevating oneself to the eternal. #RandolphHarris 1 of 16
In fact, there is no other way of judging time than to see it in the light of the eternal. In order to judge something, one must be partly within it, partly out of it. If we were totally within time, we would not be able to elevate ourselves in prayer, meditation and thought, to the eternal. We would be children of time like all other creatures and could not ask the question of the meaning of time. However, as human beings we are aware of the eternal to which we belong and from which we are estranged by the bondage of time. We speak of time in three ways or modes—the past, present, and future. Every child is aware of them, but no wise being has ever penetrated their mystery. We become aware of them when we hear a voice telling us: you also will come to an end. It is the future that awakens us to the mystery of time. Time runs from the beginning to the end, but our awareness of times goes in the opposite direction. It starts with the anxious anticipation of the end. In the light of the future we see the past and present. So let us first consider our going into the future and towards the end that is the last point that we can anticipate in out future. The image of the future produces contrasting feelings in beings. The expectation of the future gives one a feeling of joy. We may even learn to recapture the will to laugh and the art of laughing at will. #RandolphHarris 2 of 16
It is a great thing to have a future in which one can actualize one’s possibilities, in which one can experience the abundance of life, in which one can create something new—be it new work, a new way of life, or the regeneration of one’s own being. Courageously one goes ahead towards the new, especially in the earlier part of one’s own life. However, this feeling struggles with other ones: the anxiety about what is hidden in the future, the ambiguity of everything it will bring us, the shortness of its duration that decreases with every year of our life and becomes shorter the nearer we come to the unavoidable end. And finally the end itself, with its impenetrable darkness and the threat that one’s whole existence in time will be judged as a failure. Therefore, it may be a good idea to think before one speaks, and read before one thinks. This may give one something to think about that we did not make up ourselves—a wise move at any age, but most especially at seventeen, when one is at the greatest danger of coming to annoying conclusions. We want to be in the pursuit of knowledge, and not knowledge in the pursuit of us. The goal is to fully realize the wealth of sympathy, kindness, and generosity hidden in our souls. The effort of every true education should be to unlock that treasure. #RandolphHarris 3 of 16
How do beings, how do you, react to this image of the future with its hope and threat and inescapable end? Probably most of us react by looking at the immediate future, anticipating it, working for it, hoping for it, being anxious about it, while cutting off from our awareness the future which is farther away, and above all, by cutting off from our consciousness the end, the last moment of our future. Perhaps we could not live without doing so most of our time. However, perhaps we will not be able to die if we always do so. And if one is not able to die, is one really about to live? How do we react if we become aware of the inescapable end contained in our future? Are we able to bear it, to take its anxiety into a courage that faces ultimate darkness? Or are we thrown into utter hopelessness? Do we hope against hope, or do we repress our awareness of the end because we cannot stand it? Repressing the consciousness of our end expresses itself in several ways. Many try to do so by putting the expectation of a long life between now and the end. For them it is decisive that the end be delayed. Even old people who are near the end do this, for they cannot endure the fact that the end will not be delayed much longer. Many people realize this deception and hope for a continuation of this life after death. They expect an endless future in which they may achieve or possess what has been denied them in this life. #RandolphHarris 4 of 16
This attitude that we will achieve our hearts desires in the after life is a prevalent attitude about the future, and also a very simple one. It denies that there is an end. It refuses to accept that we are creatures, that we come from the eternal ground of time and return to the eternal ground of time and have received a limited span of time as our time. It replaces eternity by endless future. However, endless future is without a final aim; it repeats itself and could well be described as an image of hell. This is not the Christian way of dealing with the end. The Christian message says the eternal stands above past and future. “I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end.” The Christian message acknowledges that time runs towards an end, and that we move towards the end of that time which is our time. Many people—but not the Bible—speak loosely of the “hereafter” or the “life after death.” Even in our liturgies eternity is translated by “World without end.” However, the World, by its very nature, is that which comes to an end. If we want to speak in truth without foolish, wishful thinking, we should speak about the eternal that is neither timelessness nor endless time. The mystery of the future is answered in the eternal of which we may speak in images taken from time. However, if we forget that the images are images, we fall into absurdities and self-deceptions. There is no time after time, but there is eternity above time. #RandolphHarris 5 of 16
Time is like a jigsaw puzzle. Each edge piece of a puzzle interlocks with two others to form the puzzle’s framework and give structure and support to the puzzle as a whole. Each piece has a unique design and cut that ensures just the right place to fit within the puzzle. Each morning, people from the edge pieces that interlock to create a safe environment and give support to one another and the whole. Each morning, they provide just the right place for every individual to fit safely and securely. The community members are strength and stability, and like the edge pieces, they do not stand alone in this responsibility. There are always others to support and assist, ensuring that every person has a place. The spirits temper the movements of bodily parts. Some infectious diseases are chiefly in the spirits, and not so much in the humours. We have complex and contradictory feelings toward the freedom and independence and self-determination of the individuals and countries: we desire these and are proud of the past support we have given to such tendencies, and yet we are often frightened by what they may mean. We tend to value and respect the dignity and worth of each individual, yet when we are frightened, we move away from this direction. Suppose we presented ourselves in some such fashion, openly and transparently, in our foreign relations. We would be attempting to be the nation which we truly are, in all our complexity and even contradictoriness. What would be the result? #RandolphHarris 6 of 16
If we, as a country, were more open and transparent in our foreign relations, it seems the results would be similar to the experiences of a client when one is more truly that which he or she is. Let us look at some of the probable outcomes. We would be much more comfortable, because we would have nothing to hide. We could focus on the problem at hand, rather than spending our energies to prove that we are moral or consistent. We could use all of our creative imagination in solving the problem, rather than in defending ourselves. We could openly advance both our selfish interests, and our sympathetic concern for others, and let these conflicting desires find the balance which is acceptable to us as a people. We could freely change and grow in our leadership position, because we would not be bound by rigid concepts of what we have been, must, ought to be. We would find that we were much less feared, because others would be less inclined to suspect what lies behind the façade. We would, by our own openness, tend to bring forth openness and realism on the part of others. We would tend to work out the solutions of World problems on the basis of the real issues involved, rather than in terms of the facades being worn by the negotiating parties. In short what I am suggesting by this fantasied example is that nations and organizations might discover, as have individuals, that it is a richly rewarding experience to be what one deeply is. #RandolphHarris 7 of 16
I am suggesting that this view contains the seeds of a philosophical approach to all of life, that it is more than a trend observed in the experience of clients. Feeling rules are what guide emotion work by establishing the sense of entitlement or obligation that governs emotional exchanges. This emotion system works privately, often free of observation. It is a vital aspect of deep private bonds and also affords a way of talking about them. It is a way of describing how—as parents and children, wives and husbands, friends and lovers—we intervene in feelings in order to shape them. What are feeling rules? How do we know they exist? How do they bear on deep acting? We may address these questions by focusing on the pinch between “what I do feel” and “what I should feel,” for at this spot we get our best view of emotional convention. Now, when we take a closer look at the whole person, we find that there are six basic aspects in our lives as individual human beings—six things inseparable from every human life. These together and in interplay make up human nature. Thought (images, concepts, judgments, inferences), feeling (sensation, emotion), choice (will, decision, character), body (action, interaction with the physical World), social context (personal and structural relations to others), and soul (the factor that integrates all of the above to form one life. #RandolphHarris 8 of 16
Simply put, every human being thinks (has a thought life), feels, chooses, interacts with one’s body and its social context, and (more of less) integrates all of the foregoing as parts of one life. These are the essential factors in a human being, and nothing essential to human life falls outside of them. The ideal of the spiritual life in the Christian understanding is one where all of the essential parts of the human self are effectively organized around Go, as they are restored and sustained by him. Spiritual formation in Christ is the process leading to that ideal end, and its result is love of God with all of the hearts, soul, mind, and strength, and of the neighbor as oneself. The human self is then fully integrated under God. The salvation or deliverance of the believer in Christ is essentially holistic or whole-life. David the psalmist, speaking of his own experience but prophetically expressing the understanding of Jesus the Messiah, said, “I bless the LORD who gives me counsel; in the night also my heart instructs me. I keep the LORD always before me; because he is at my right hand, I shall not be moved. Therefore my heart is glad, and my soul rejoices; my body also rests secure,” reports Psalm 16.7-9. Note how many aspects of the self are explicitly involved in this passage: the mind, the will, the feeling, the soul, and the body. #RandolphHarris 9 of 16
A major part of understanding spiritual formation in the Christian traditions is to follow closely the way the biblical writings repeatedly and emphatically focus on the various essential dimensions of the human being and their role in life as a whole. We will draw from spiritual understanding the incentive to keep on with our quest and the courage to set higher goals. To learn from God in this total-life immersion is ow we seek first His kingdom and His righteousness. The outcome is that we increasingly are able to do all things, speaking or acting, as I Christ were doing them. As apprentices of Christ we are not learning how to do some special religious activity, but how to live every moment of our live from the reality of God’s kingdom. I am learning how to live my actual life as Jesus would if He were me. No matter what my profession is, I am in full-time Christian service no less than someone who earns his or her living in a specifically religious role. Jesus stands beside me and teaches me in all I do to live in God’s World. He shows me how, in every circumstance, to reside in His word and thus be a genuine apprentice of His—His disciple indeed. This enables me to find the reality of God’s World everywhere I may be, and thereby to escape from enslavement to sin and evil. We become able to do what we know to be good and right, even when it is humanly impossible. Our lives and words become constant testimony of the reality of God. #RandolphHarris 10 of 16
When, for example, an architect facing a difficult architectural job, one must know how to integrate it into the kingdom of God as much as someone attempting to win another to Christ or preparing a lesson for a congregation. Until we are clear on this, we will have missed Jesus’ connection between life and God and will automatically exclude most of our everyday lives from the domain of faith and discipleship. Jesus lived most of His life on Earth as a blue-collar worker, someone we might describe today as an independent contractor. In His vocation He practiced everything He later taught about in life in the kingdom. It is important to move away from derogatory language against others, calling them twits, jerks, or idiots, and increasingly mesh with the respect and endearment for persons that naturally flows from God’s way. This in turn transforms all of my dealings with others into tenderness and makes the usual coldness and brutality of human relations, which lays a natural foundation for unspeakable actions, simply unthinkable. Our mind and heart will keep coming back to God’s grace. The grace of God is so inexhaustible and at times overwhelming. “Grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To him be glory both now and forever more! Amen,” reports 2 Peter 3.18. #RandolphHarris 11 of 16
Growing in the grace of God allows one to become acquainted with elements of our experience which have in the past been denied to awareness as too threatening, too damaging to the structure of the self. One finds one’s experiencing these feelings fully, completely, in the relationship, so that for the moment one is one’s fear, or one’s anger, or one’s tenderness, or one’s strength. And as one lives these widely varied feelings, in all their degrees of intensity, one discovers that one has experienced oneself, that one is all these feelings. One finds that one’s behavior changing in constructive fashion in accordance with one’s newly experienced self. One approaches the realization that one no longer needs to fear what experience may hold, but can welcome it freely as a part of one’s changing and developing self. However, it seems to me that the good life is not any fixed state. It is not, in my estimation, a state of virtue, or contentment, or nirvana, or happiness. It is not a condition in which the individual is adjusted, or fulfilled, or actualized. It is not a state of drive-reduction, or tension-reduction, or homeostasis. I believe that all of these terms have been used in ways which imply that if one or several of these states is achieved, then the goal of life have been achieved. Certainly, for many people happiness, or adjustment, are seen as states of being which are synonymous with the good life. #RandolphHarris 12 of 16
Social scientists have frequently spoken of the reduction of tension, or the achievement of homeostasis or equilibrium as if these states constituted the goal of the process of living. So it is with a certain amount of surprise and concern that I realize that my experience supports none of these definitions. If I focus on the experience of those individuals who seem to have evidenced the greatest degree of movement during the spiritual and therapeutic relationship, and who, in the years following this relationship, appear to have made and to be making real progress toward the good life, then it seems to me that they are not adequately described at all by any of these terms which refer to fixed states of being. I believe they would consider themselves insulted if they were described as adjusted, and they would regard it as false if they were described as happy or contented or even actualized. As I have known them I would regard it as most inaccurate to say that all their dive tensions have been reduced, or that they are in a state of homeostasis. So I am forced to ask myself whether there is any way in which I can generalize about their situation, any definition which I can give of the good life which would seem to fit the facts as I have observed them. I find this not at all easy, and what follows is stated very tentatively. #RandolphHarris 13 of 16
The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction, not a destination. The direction which constitutes the good life is that which is selected by the total organism, when there is psychological freedom to move in any direction. This organismically selected direction seems to have certain discernible general qualities which appear to be the same in a wide variety of unique individuals. The good life, from the point of view of my experience, is the process of movement in a direction which the human organism selects when it is inwardly free to move in any direction, and the general qualities of this selected direction appear to have a certain universality. Many people, however, seem to be morally bankrupt—completely devoid of any decent moral qualities. And it is just about the worst thing you can say about a person. A lot of people are also spiritually bankrupt. Spiritual bankruptcy is a most absolute state. It means we have nothing to give to God. Salvation is a gift from God; it is entirely by grace through faith—not by works. People living the good life are righteous and the process seems to involve an increasing openness to the experience. It is the polar opposite of defensiveness. Defensiveness is an organism’s response to experiences which are perceived or anticipated as threatening, as incongruent with the individual’s existing picture of oneself, or of oneself in relationship to the World. #RandolphHarris 14 of 16
These threatening experiences are temporarily rendered harmless by being distorted in awareness, or being denied to awareness. I quite literally cannot see, with accuracy, those experiences, feelings, reactions in myself which are significantly at variance with the picture of myself which I already possess. A large part of the process of therapy is the continuing discovery by the client that one is experiencing feelings and attitudes which heretofore one has not been able to be aware of, which one has not been able to own as being a part of oneself. If a person could be fully open to one’s experience, however, every stimulus—whether originating within the organism or in the environment—would be freely relayed through the nervous system without being distorted by any defensive mechanism. There would be no need of the mechanism of subception whereby the organism is forewarned of any experience threatening to the self. On the contrary, whether the stimulus was the impact of a configuration of form, color, or sound in the environment on the sensory nerves, or a memory trace from the past, or visceral sensation of fear or pleasure or disgust, the person would be living it, would have it completely available to awareness. Thus, one aspect of this process which I am naming the good life appears to be a movement away from the pole of defensiveness toward the pole of openness to experience. #RandolphHarris 15 of 16
The individual living the good life is becoming more able to listen to oneself, to experience what is going on within oneself. One is more open to one’s feelings of fear and discouragement and pain. One is also more open to one’s feelings of courage, and tenderness, and awe. One is free to live one’s feelings subjectively, as they exist in one, and also free to be aware of these feelings. One is more able fully to live the experiences of one’s organism rather than shutting them off. Almighty and everlasting God, Who hast made known the Incarnation of Thy Word by the testimony of a glorious star, which when the wise men be held, they adored Thy Majesty with gifts; grant that the star of Thy righteousness may always appear in our hearts, and our treasure consist in giving thanks to Thee; through Jesus Christ our Lord. O God, the Enlightener of all nations, grant Thy people to enjoy perpetual peace; and pour into our hearts that radiant light which Thou didst shed into the minds of the wise men; thought Jesus Christ Our Lord. “Behold, O Lord, thou hast smitten us because of our iniquity, and hast driven us forth, and for these many years we have been in the wilderness; nevertheless, thou hast been merciful unto us. O Lord, look upon me in pity, and turn away thine anger from this thy people, and suffer not that they shall go forth across this raging deep in darkness; but behold these things which I have molten out of rock,” reports Ether 3.3. #RandolphHarris 16 of 16
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Feed Upon Apples Red and Strawberries, and Choose Each Pleasure that My Fancy Sees!
Stop and consider life is but a day; a fragile dew-drop on its perilous way from a tree’s summit. When they especially do not deserve it is when people need love the most. In field of medicine, we know that certain recognized sicknesses are the result of a physician’s (witting or unwitting) invitation to consider oneself weak or sick. Such conditions are designated iatrogenetic diseases. If we speak of iatrogenic illness, is it not just as meaningful to speak of iatrogenic wellness? Or “mother-o-genic” wellness; or “psychologist-o-genic” wellness? Could we classify some physicians as wellness-inviters, i.e., healers, and others as sickness, who have a knack for persuading others that they are weak, helpless, and sick? There are some people in society who have a proven flair for transmitting powerful invitations to others to regard life as pointless and hopeless and to regard themselves as weak and worthless. There may be many in society who are gifted at getting people to “give up,” to yield, to give in. Mental hospital personnel invite or shape patients so that they will conform to current conceptions of how a mad person should appear. And a visit to any mental hospital will prompt this question: “What kind of behavior and attitude are invited by the hospital buildings themselves? By the social organization that prevails there?” #RandolphHarris 1 of 15
Much of the traditional psychiatric symptomatology can be explained as the outcome of invalidating and disconfirming behavior from relatives and professional people toward anyone who experiences difficulty in living. In fact, it is warranted to wonder whether hospital personnel can take healthy behavior when it appears in the ones called “patients,” or do they rather get terrified by it when it appears and persuade the patient (invite one) to stop this nonsensical autonomy and self-expression and step into line. Do hospital personnel invite “crazy” behavior, and punish healthy behavior? In Kesey’s novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, patients who became bumptious were sedated or electroshocked into their appropriate social roles. If that did not work, they were lobotomized. I do not think the story told in that novel is far from truth. At least in then existing mental hospitals. A person’s attitude to reality is something extraordinarily persistent, but the more persistent one’s mental habitus (the norms, values, attitudes, and behaviours of a particular social group/class) is, the less permanent will be one’s effective achievement of adaptation. This is the necessary consequence of the continual changes in the environment and the new adaptations demanded by them. Thus it may easily happen that an attitude can no longer satisfy the demands of adaptation because changes have occurred in the environmental conditions which require a different attitude. #RandolphHarris 2 of 15
An example of an attitude that can no longer satisfy the demands of adaption, when changes have occurred in the environment is that require a different attitude has occurred is like when a feeling-attitude seeks to fulfill the demands of reality by means of empathy, but easily encounters a situation that can only be solved by thinking. Then one is at an impasse. In this case the feeling-attitude breaks down the progression and the progression of the psyche (human soul, mind, or spirit) also ceases. The vital feeling that was present before disappears, and in its place the psychic value of certain conscious contents increases in an unpleasant way; subjective contents and reactions press to the fore and the situation becomes full of affect and ripe for explosions. Thee symptoms indicate a damming up the psyche, and the stoppage is always marked by the breaking up of the pairs of opposites. During the progression of the psyche the pairs of opposites are united in the co-ordinated flow of psychic processes. Their working together makes possible the balanced regularity of these processes, which without the inner polarity would become one-sided and unreasonable. We are therefore justified in regarding all extravagant and exaggerated behavior as a loss of balance, because the co-ordinating effect of the opposite impulse is obviously lacking. #RandolphHarris 3 of 15
Hence, it is essential for progression, which is the successful achievement of adaptation, that impulse and counter-impulse, positive and negative, should reach a state of regular interaction and mutual influence. This balancing and combining of pairs of opposites can be seen, for instance, in the process of reflection that precedes a difficult decision. However, in the stoppage of psyche that occurs when progression has become impossible, positive and negative can no longer unite in coordinated action, because both have attained an equal value which keeps the scales balanced. The longer the stoppage lasts, the more the value which keeps the scales balanced. The longer the stoppage lasts, the more the valued of the opposed positions increases; they become enriched with more and more associations and attach to themselves an ever-widening range of psychic material. The tension leads to conflict, the conflict leads to attempts at mutual repression, and if one of the opposing forces is successfully repressed a dissociation ensures, a splitting of the personality, or disunion with oneself. The stage is then set for neurosis. The acts that follow from such a condition are unco-ordinated, sometimes pathological, having the appearance of symptomatic actions. Although in part normal, they are based partly on the repressed opposite which, instead of working as an equilibrating force, has an obstructive effect, thus hindering the possibility of further progress. #RandolphHarris 4 of 15
The struggle between the opposites would persist in this fruitless way if the process of regression, the backward movement of the psyche, did not set in with the outbreak of the conflict. Through their collision the opposites are gradually deprived of value and depotentiated. This loss of value steadily increases and is the only thing perceived by consciousness. It is synonymous with regression, for in proportion to the decrease in value of the conscious opposites there is an increase in the value of all those psychic processes which are not concerned with outward adaptation and therefore are seldom or never employed consciously. These psychic factors are for the most part unconscious. As the value of the subliminal elements and of the unconscious increases, it is to be expected that they will gain influence over the conscious mind. On account of the inhibiting influence which the conscious exercises over the unconscious, the unconscious values assert themselves at first only indirectly. The inhibition to which they are subjected is a result of the exclusive directedness of conscious contents. (This inhibition is called the “censor.”) The indirect manifestation of the unconscious takes the form of disturbances of conscious behaviour. In the association experiment they appear as complex-indicators, in daily life as the “symptomatic actions,” and in neurotic conditions they appear as symptoms. #RandolphHarris 5 of 15
Since regression raises the value of contents that were previously excluded from the conscious process of adaption, and hence are either totally unconscious or only dimly conscious, the psychic elements now being forced over the threshold are momentarily useless from the standpoint of adaptation, and for this reason are invariably kept at a distance by the directed psychic function. They are altogether incompatible contents and tendencies, partly immoral, partly unaesthetic, partly again of an irrational, imaginary nature. The obviously inferior character of these contents as regards adaptation has given rise to that depreciatory view of the psychic background which is habitual in psychoanalytic writings. What the regression brings to the surface certainly seems at first sight to be slime from the depths; but if one does not stop short at a superficial evaluation and refrains from passing judgment on the basis of a preconceived strict and rigid doctrine, it will be found that this “slime” contains not merely incompatible and rejected remnants of everyday life, or inconvenient and objectionable terrestrial tendencies, but also germs of a new life and vital possibilities for the future. This is one of the great merits of psychoanalysis, that it is not afraid to dredge up the incompatible elements, which would be a thoroughly useless and indeed reprehensible undertaking were it not for the possibilities of new life that are possessed in the repressed contents. That this is and must be so is not only proved by a wealth of practical experiences but can also be deduced from the following considerations. #RandolphHarris 6 of 15
The process of adaptation requires a directed conscious function characterized by inner consistency and logical coherence. Because it is directed, everything unsuitable must be excluded in order to maintain the integrity of direction. The unsuitable elements are subjected to inhibition and thereby escape attention. Now experience shows that there is only one consciously directed function of adaptation. If, for example, I have a thinking orientation I cannot at the same time orient myself by feeling, because thinking and feeling are two quite different functions. In fact, if I am to satisfy the logical laws of thinking, so that the thought-process will not be disturbed by feeling, I must carefully exclude feeling. In this case I withdraw as much of the psyche as possible from the feeling process, with the result that this function becomes relatively unconscious. Experience shows, again, that the orientation is largely habitual; accordingly the other unsuitable functions, so far as they are incompatible with the prevailing attitude, are relatively unconscious, and hence unused, untrained, and undifferentiated. Moreover, on the principle of coexistence they necessarily become associated with other contents of the unconscious, the inferior and incompatible quality of which I have already pointed out. Consequently, when these functions are activated by regression and so reach consciousness, they appear in a somewhat incompatible form, disguised and covered up with the slime of the deep. #RandolphHarris 7 of 15
If we remember that the stoppage of the psyche was due to failure of the conscious attitude, we can now understand what valuable seeds are possessed in the unconscious contents activated by regression. They contain the elements of that other function which was excluded by the conscious attitude and which would be capable of effectively complementing or even of replacing the inadequate conscious attitude. If thinking fails as the adapted function, because it is dealing with a situation to which one can adapt only by feeling, then the unconscious material activated by repression will contain the missing feeling function, although still in embryonic form, archaic and undeveloped. Similarly, in the opposite type, regression would activate a thinking function that would effectively compensate the inadequate feeling. By activating an unconscious factor, regression confronts consciousness with the problem of the psyche as opposed to the problem of outward adaptation. It is natural that the conscious mind should fight against accepting the regressive contents, yet it is finally compelled by the impossibility of further progress to submit to the regressive values. In other words, regression leads to the necessity of adapting to the inner World of the psyche. #RandolphHarris 8 of 15
Just as adaptation to the environment may fail because of the one-sidedness of the adapted function, so adaption to the inner World may fail because of the one-sidedness of the function in question. For instance, if the stoppage of the psyche was due to the failure of the thinking attitude to cope with the demands of outward adaptation, and if the unconscious feeling function is activated by regression, there is only a feeling attitude towards the inner World. This may be sufficient at first, but in the long run it will cease to be adequate, and the thinking function will have to be enlisted too, just as the reverse was necessary when dealing with the outer World. Thus a complete orientation towards the inner World becomes necessary until such time as inner adaptation is attained. One the adaptation is achieved, progression can begin again. The principle of progression and regression is portrayed in the myth of the whale-dragon worked out by Forbenius. The hero is the symbolic exponent of the movement of the psyche. Entry into the dragon is the regressive direction, and the journey to the East (the “night sea journey”) with its attendant events symbolizes the effort to adapt to the conditions of the psychic inner World. The complete swallowing up and disappearance of the hero in the belly of the dragon represents the complete withdrawal of interest from the outer Word. #RandolphHarris 9 of 15
The overcoming of the monster from within is the achievement of adaptation to the conditions of the inner World, and the emergence (“slipping out”) of the hero from the monster’s belly with the help of a bird, which happens at the moment of Sunrise, symbolizes he recommencement of progression. It is characteristic that the monster begins the night sea journey to the East, for instances, towards Sunrise, while the hero is engulfed in its belly. This seems to me to indicate that regression is not necessarily a retrograde step in the sense of a backwards development or degeneration, but rather represents a necessary phase of development. The individual is, however, not consciously aware that one is developing; one feels oneself to be in a compulsive situation that resembles an early infantile state or even an embryonic condition within the womb. It is only if one remains stuck in this condition that we can speak of involution or degeneration. The Spiritual Formation Lines presents discipleship to Jesus Christ as the greatest opportunity individual human beings have in life and the only hope to corporate humankind has of solving its insurmountable problems. It affirms the unity of the present-day Christian with those who walked beside Jesus during His incarnation. To be His disciple then was t be with Him, to learn to be like Him. It was to be Christ’s student or apprentice in kingdom living. #RandolphHarris 10 of 15
Christ’s disciples heard what He said and observed what He did, and then, under His direction, they simply began to say and to the same things. They did so imperfectly but progressively. As He taught: “Everyone who is full trained will be like his or her teacher,” reports Luke 6.40. Today it is the same, except now it is the resurrected Lord who walks throughout the World. He invites us to place our confidence in Him. Those who rely on Christ believe that He knows how to live and will pour our His life into us as we “take His yoke and learn from Him, for He is gentle and humble in heart,” reports Matthew 11.29. To take His yoke means joining Him in His work, making our work His work. To trust Christ is to understand that total immersion in what He is doing with our life is the best thing that can happen to us. The grace of God is one of the most important subjects in all of Scripture. At the same time it is probably one of the least understood. All Christians believe in grace. Many of us frequently quote Paul’s well-known words in Ephesians 2.8-9: ‘For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God—not by works, so that no one can boast. And John Newton’s beloved hymn “Amazing Grace” is said to be the all-time favorite hymn in the United States of America. Why then do I say the grace of God is one of the least understood subjects in the Bible? #RandolphHarris 11 of 15
When we think of grace, we almost always think of being saved by grace. That is why Ephesians 2.8-9 is so familiar to us. Even Christian literature available on the subject of grace seems to deal almost exclusively with salvation. However, the Bible teaches we are not only saved by grace, but we also live by grace every day of our lives. It is this important aspect of grace that seems to be so little understood or practiced by Christians. Most of us tend to base our personal relationship with God on our performance instead of on His grace. If we have performed well—whatever “well” is in our opinion—then we expect God to bless us. If we have not done so well, our expectations are reduced accordingly. In this sense, we live by works rather than grace. We are saved by grace, but we are living by the sweat of our own performance. Moreover, we are always challenging ourselves and one another to try harder. We seem to believe success in the Christian life (however we define success) is basically up to us: our commitment, or discipline, our zeal, with some help from God along the way. We give lip service to the attitude of the apostle Paul, “But by the grace of God I am what I am” (1 Corinthians 15.10), but our unspoken motto is, “God helps those who help themselves.” The realization that my daily relationship with God is based on the infinite merit of Christ instead of on my own performance is a very freeing and joyous experience. However, it is not mean to be a one-tome experience; the truth needs to be reaffirmed daily. #RandolphHarris 12 of 15
Now, in order to see what this means and why it is so, we must be clear about what the “heart” or “spirit: is within the human system and how it can effectively govern our lives for good. The human heart, will, or spirit is the executive center of a human life. The heart is where decisions and choices are made for the whole person. That is its function. This does not mean that the whole person actually does only what the heart directs, any more than a whole organization actually does precisely what the chief executive officers (CEO) directs. That would be ideal, perhaps (and again, perhaps not); but as any CEO or person in a management position—or even the head of a family—knows, the system rarely goes as it is directed, and never perfectly so. Many factors are always at work in the decisions and actions that actually occur. The individual, like the group, is often divided into incoherent fragments. “Like a city that is broken into and without walls is the human who has no control over one’s spirit,” reports Proverbs 25.28. Still, the ideal is there because of the necessities imposed by real life—a house divided cannot stand, and so on—and only to the degree that we come close to that ideal are our lives well directed or even coherent. In a World deeply infected with evil and stuff that just happens, the usual case is that the individual does not consistently do what his or her own heart says is good and right, and all too often it is the same with groups of all kinds. #RandolphHarris 13 of 15
And how rare to find a group that consistently functions well for the good it envisions. In fact, the group usually exhibits the divided hearts and lives of its members even more strikingly than does the individual alone. That is because of its larger scope and greater complexity. When successful, spiritual formation (or, really, reformation) unites the divided heart and life of the individual. That person can then bring remarkable harmony into the groups where he or she participates. Be one a dictator holding the fortunes of a nation in the hollow of one’s hand, or a despised outcast, degraded, destitute, and sin-steeped, none is too high to find a place in the illuminate’s orbit of contact, just as none is too low. For the first time virtue of self-knowledge is the inner understanding of others, the intellectual sympathy with them. Through this sympathy one is able to place oneself at the point of view of each being with whom one has to deal, or of each school of thought which one has to lead to one beyond its own. If it can be said that one has any negative attitude at all, it may be noted that one has a strong disinclination to talk about the Quest to those who are uninterested in it, or antagonistic to it. Enlightened individuals hold their convictions calmly where others preach them violently. One is indifferent to laudatory articles about oneself in the public prints as to condemnatory gossip in the private circles. One can understand why they hold these views even though one does not share them. #RandolphHarris 14 of 15
The current of peace an enlightened individual carries along is part of the gift of grace from God, so one does not have to struggle for it. O God, Who hast made the most glorious Name of our Lord Jesus Christ, Thine Only-begotten Son, to be exceeding sweet and supremely lovable to Thy faithful servants, and tremendous and terrible to malignant spirits; mercifully grant that all who devoutly venerate this Name of Jesus on Earth, may in this life receive the sweetness of holy comfort, and in the life to come attain the joy of exulting gladness and never-ending jubilation; through the same name Jesus Christ our Lord may we feel better than we are, wiser than we are. Please kindle this spark that allows us to be wholly possessed by the love of God and give us the guidance for which we have long been waiting. The words of God are like a lighthouse to those seekers who are still grouping in the dark, and even to those who have found the light. O God, Whose Only-begotten Son hath appeared in substance of our flesh; grant, we beseech Thee, that through Him Whom we have acknowledged as outwardly like unto us, we may attain an inward renewal; through Jesus Christ our Lord. “O Lord, thou hast given us a commandment that we must call upon thee, that from thee we may receive according to our desires,” reports Ether 3.2. Therefore, no insult will I give one’s spirit, by telling what one’s sees from the native merit. #RandolphHarris 15 of 15
MILLS STATION AT CRESLEIGH RANCH
Rancho Cordova, CA |
Now Selling!
Mills Station at Cresleigh Ranch is Rancho Cordova’s newest home community! This charming neighborhood offers an array of home types with eye catching architecture styles such as Mission, Mid-Century Modern, California Modern, and Contemporary Farmhouse. These homes are symbols of the creative freedom and optimism that is prevalent in the Age of Information. The homes are constructed by artisans who take great pride in showcasing their craftsmanship. Furthermore, the designs for these homes are inspired by the classical architectural elements and forms that have withstood the test of time. Various details, such the windows, porches, and rooflines, provide traditional forms that are easily understood and emotionally comforting. The homes in Mills Station utilize the same traditional values and provide a sense of continuity by linking the present to the past. The Farmhouse and other plans, for example, are designed to recapture the harmony of style and timeless design of the bygone Victorian era.
Along with this nostalgic charm, Cresleigh homes created houses that are retreats from today’s fast paced soictey, with spacious living areas, multi-purpose media centers, and elegant master suites. The design knowledge Cresleigh has accumulated from open-concept space planning, along with the realization that people also desire private, personal areas, has resulted in a blend o unobstructed views, along with versatile alcoves and cozy nooks for privacy. Located off Douglas Road and Rancho Cordova Parkway, the residents of Cresleigh Ranch will enjoy, being just minutes from shopping, dining, and entertainment, and quick access to Highway 50 and Grant Line Road providing a direct route into Folsom. Residents here also benefit from no HOA fees, two community parks and the benefits of being a part of the highly-rated Elk Grove Unified School District. As you browse through Cresleigh’s website, we hope you agree that these designs offer a lasting tribute to the design and integrity of the Victorian Era and reflect all the modern comforts. Perhaps one of them will not only recall for you the comfort and serenity that you desire, but also fulfills all the requirements you may have for your ideal home. https://cresleigh.com/mills-station/residence-2/
Here is also a link for a virtual walk through of Mills Station Cresleigh Ranch Resident 2 with Mrs. Abbie Johnson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Rpm_C0hXkY&feature=youtu.be
No One Knows the Worth of Innocence Till One Knows it is Gone Forever, and that Money Cannot Buy it Back!
If past history was all there was to life, the richest people would be those who did not progress. Your past is important, but as important as that is, it is not nearly as important to your present as the way you see the future. The function of a great soul is to store obscure ideas, and make sense of the World of information. We are the dwelling place of incredible opportunities. They live within us. With consciousness about who we are and what we are, with the awareness of the problems we are faced with, with a commitment not only to ourselves but to each other, we can make it work We will make it work Is this all too good to be true, too beautiful to be factual? Is it only a theory without grounds, a personal belief without evidence? No!—it is quite demonstrable to anyone who will undertake the work upon oneself.. When God made you, He threw away the mold. There never has been or ever will be another person just like you. So you are an original, a meticulously designed instrument. That is great! However, you will never perform, live, or achieve above the value you attribute to yourself. It is the supreme job of the soul to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge. The rewards of this quest are not primarily material ones, although these may come. #RandolphHarris 1 of 22
The only reward that can be guaranteed to the successful aspirant is that one will emerge out of the unregenerate state and come closer to God’s consciousness, that is to say, to the kingdom of Heaven. Whoever looks for more may be disappointed. However, to the being who through reflection or suffering, intuition or instruction, has got one’s values right, this will be enough. From the first momentary glimpse f the soul till the final rest in it, one is being led to accept the truth that the love which one wants and hopes to find outside of oneself must be found within oneself. The true beloved is not a person but a present. When genuine love in its most intense form utterly overwhelms one, one will find that its physical form is a mere caricature of it and that its human form is a pale reflection from it. Instead of having to bed some woman or some man for crumbs of affection from their table, one will find a veritable fountain of everflowing love deep within one’s heart, and therefore ever available to one in the fullest measure. This is that one beloved who can never desert one, the unique soul-mate who will forever remain with one, the only twin soul one can seek with the absolute certainty that it is truly one’s own. At the least there will be more outer harmony and less outer friction in day-to-day living, more inner peace and less inner anxiety. It leads to amity in human relationships and dissolves enmity. #RandolphHarris 2 of 22
When their lives have reached an impasse, people seek or should seek the help of a psychotherapist. The symptoms of the impasse are diverse, including physical suffering, inability to concentrate, anxiety, depression, boredom or guilt, inability to love another or participate in adult relationships, loneliness, obsession, antisocial behavior—the entire gamut of psychopathology as we know it. Diverse though the symptoms of misery might be, they share one feature. They are the inexorable outcome of adjusting to a way of life, a way of existing and behaving in the World, which an informed common sense would tell us must lead to neurosis or psychosis, to a checking out or a refusal to carry on further in that way. We know now that elaborate schemes for classifying symptoms of mental illness into neat categories is unprofitable for would-be helpers of others. When we label someone as a schizophrenic or a neurotic, we lull ourselves into thinking that we understand one before we actually do. The impasses in existence are only superficially described as illness, a term which at best is a metaphor, not an explanation. We spent centuries regarding people who do not fit, whose behavior we could neither understand nor accept as evil, as possessed by demons. It was indeed an advance toward greater compassion among beings when the illness-metaphor was applied to the people who would not play the game of social existence as it was supposed to be played. #RandolphHarris 3 of 22
However, not all who, though physically intact, cannot play the game are sick. Perhaps none are. Mental illness is a myth one that has an historical purpose, but which no longer helps beings regard and treat deviants as their kith and kin. Now, the persistent belief that people who check out are mentally ill and need to be cured of their disease symptoms beclouds understanding. Indeed, the belief that one’s patient or client or counselee is an exemplar of some category of disapproved humanity: schizophrenic, delinquent, neurotic, and so forth—leads the would-be helper to treat one as less than a full human being, less than a fellow traveler through this life. Anyone who has been treated by another, not as they very one he or she is, but as the embodiment of some category—disabled, same sex oriented, a professor, a psychotic—knows that one is not being addressed by the person who so regards him or her. If I am regarded as a patient by the doctor, and neither he or she nor I ever become acquainted with one another, we are doubtless both cheated; and it is questionable whether any enduring help can come out of so impersonal a transaction. It is more apt to regard the one in deed of help as a fellow seeker. One seeks relief from one’s suffering, to be sure, and more fundamentally (whether or not one can verbalize the ultimate goal of one’s quest), one is seeking a way to be in the World, a way to live with others, and a way of being oneself that is meaningful and rewarding. #RandolphHarris 4 of 22
One is seeking a way that produces satisfactions, hope, and meaning in expanding experience rather than pain, misery, stultification, and impotence. These latter outcomes are cries for help. They are, as well, proof that the seeker’s way of life up to the point of breakdown was not compatible with wellness. It seems futile for a physician, psychotherapist, or growth counselor to treat symptoms by anesthetizing the person with assorted drugs, or by reducing one in some way, and then to send one back to the very way of life that was inimical to truly human being. What is called for in addition to cure is to help the seeker find some way that will permit one to function more fully, more authentically, with a more liberating focus to one’s existence. The counthentically, with a more liberating focus to one’s existence. The counselor must aim to seek with one’s client and persist in the search until they jointly discover what changes in the client’s self and World will permit one to live a life compatible with wellness. The helper, if one is to me more than a first-aid technician, must grope with one’s client, to find healthy personality for one: that is, a healthy way of being a person in the World (the literal meaning of personality). Therefore, not everyone with a mental illness is broke or dangerous, but sometimes those who are not seeking help can be. #RandolphHarris 5 of 22
In real life a person knows that one’s behavior will have consequences. When people lack a complete feeling of reality, it may cause reactions that represent unconscious tendencies. No one knows the worth of innocence till one know it is gone forever, and that money cannot buy it back. Some people have a predisposing factor in the brain which is partly responsible for their mental illness. Often times, a paranoiac fall ill long before anyone suspects one’s illness and their pathological idea overwhelmed them at a psychological moment. This usually happens when one’s congenitally hypersensitive emotional life becomes warped, and the spiritual form which one’s emotions need in order to live finally break down. It did not break by itself, it was broken by the individual. It is usually because one’s feelings, which are woven out of moonshine are immature, and need prolonged incubation in order to grow strong and to withstand he unavoidable clash with reality. In themselves there is nothing reprehensible about them, but to the simple, straightforward mind they arouse suspicion. However, in the individual’s mind, when someone rejects them it has a devastating effect, because they believe there are no grounds for this harsh interpretation. One’s dream is destroyed, but this in itself would not have been harmful had it not also killed the individual’s feelings. #RandolphHarris 6 of 22
A less passionate person can put up with sternness, and not hold before one the ideal of cold-blooded heartlessness, but the highly-strung, sensitive nature in need of affection will be broke. Gradually it will seem to the individual that one attained one’s ideal, when suddenly one discovered that the person they think they “fixed” was not on the same wavelength. This realization is usually followed by an arise of paranoia, and also a form of paranoid schizophrenia characterized by delusions and hallucinations, and indeed all other forms of schizophrenia. There will also usually be microscopic lesions of the brain. Milder cases do not usually lead to hospitalization, they can be cured by psychotherapeutic means. However, with regard to the possibility of a cure, one should not be too optimistic. Such cases are rare. They very nature of the disease, involving as it does the disintegration of the personality, rules out the possibility of psychic influences, which is the essential agent in therapy. Schizophrenia shares this peculiarity with obsessional neurosis, its nearest relative in the realm of the neuroses. Many cases of schizophrenics never are seen in psychiatric hospitals because these cases are partially camouflaged as obsessional neuroses, compulsions, phobias, and hysterias, and they are very careful never to go near an asylum. #RandolphHarris 7 of 22
Concomitantly, the individual needs to excel, to achieve success, prestige, or recognition in any form, they need to feel “accepted.” Strivings in this direction are partly oriented toward power, inasmuch as success and prestige lend power in a competitive society. However, they also make for a subjective feeling of strength through outside affirmation, outside acclaim, and the fact of supremacy. Here the center of gravity is possessed outside the person oneself; only the kind of affirmation wanted from others differs. Factually the one is as futile as the other. When people wonder why success has failed to make the individual feel any less insecure, they only show their psychological ignorance, but the fact that they do so indicates the extent to which success and prestige are commonly regarded as yardsticks. A strong need to exploit others, to outsmart them, to play them, to make them of use to oneself, is part of the picture. Any situation or relationship is looked at from the standpoint of “What can I get out of it?”—whether it has to do with money, prestige, contact, or ideas. The person is consciously or semiconsciously convinced that everyone acts this way, and so what counts is to do it more efficiently than the rest. One becomes hard and tough, or gives that appearance. One regards all feelings, one’s own as well as others’, as sloppy sentimentality. #RandolphHarris 8 of 22
In love relationships the neurotic’s tendencies to defeat, subdue, and humiliate the partner play an enormous role. They usually want a mate who is eminently desirable, one through whose attractiveness, social prestige, or wealth can enhance one’s own position. One sees no reason to be considerate of other. The neurotic usually attaches him or herself to others so they can subdue and degrade and humiliate that individual, and this attitude is usually traceable to feelings the individual has about his or her parent, by whom one felt humiliated and whom one wished to humiliate in returned, but out of fear hid this impulse being an exaggerated devotion—a situation which is often described as a fixation. These individuals are usually bad losers and undeniably want victory. One is always ready to accuse others, and the consideration of guilt does not play a role in the thought process. One does not assume the other person is wrong; just one assumes one is right because one needs this ground for subjective certainty in as much the same way as an army needs a safe ground to launch an attack. If not an arrant foolishness, to admit an error when it is not absolutely necessary sees to one as an unforgivable display of weakness. It is consistent with one’s attitude of having to fight against a malevolent World that one should develop a keen sense of realism—of its kind. A need for reassuring affection is often the reason for clinging to a partner of the same sex. #RandolphHarris 9 of 22
Admiration or love may serve as a compensation for the defeating drives as follows: by keeping the destructive impulses from awareness; by eliminating competitiveness altogether by creating an unsurpassable distance between self and competitor; by providing a vicarious enjoyment of success or participation in it; by propitiating the competitor and thus warding off one’s vindictiveness. One will never be so naïve as to overlook in others any manifestation of ambition, greed, ignorance, or anything else that might obstruct one’s own goals. Since in a competitive civilization attributes like these are much more common than real decency, one feels justified in regarding oneself as only realistic. Another facet of one’s realism is one’s emphasis on planning and foresight. Like any good strategist, in every situation one is careful to appraise one’s own chances, the forces of one’s adversaries, and the possible pitfalls. Because one is driven always to assert oneself as the strongest, shrewdest, or most sought after, one tries to develop the efficiency and resourcefulness necessary to being so. The zest and intelligence one puts into one’s work may make one a highly esteemed employee or a success in a business of one’s own. However, the impression one gives of having an absorbing interest in one’s work is only a means to an end. One has no love for what one is doing and take no real pleasure in it—a fact consistent with one’s attempt to exclude feelings from one’s life altogether. #RandolphHarris 10 of 22
This chocking off of all feelings has a two-edged effect. On the one hand it is undoubtedly expedient from the standpoint of success in that it enables one to function like a well-oiled machine, untiringly producing the goods that will bring one ever more power and prestige. Here feelings might interfere. They could conceivably lead one into a line of work with fewer opportunistic advantages; they might cause one to shy away from the techniques so often employed on the road to success; they might tempt one away from one’s work to the enjoyment of nature or art, or to the companionship of friends instead of persons merely useful to one’s purpose. On the other than the emotional barrenness that results from a throttling of feeling will do something to the quality of one’s work; certainly it is bound to detract from one’s creativity. The moment of the outbreak of neurosis is not just a matter of chance; as a rule it is most critical. It is usually the moment when a new psychological adjustment, that is, a new adaptation, is demanded. Such moments facilitate the outbreak of a neurosis, as every experienced neurologist knows. You may ask why the neurotic has a special tendency not to accomplish one’s necessary tasks. Here let me point out that no living creatures adjusts itself easily and smoothly to new conditions. The law of inertia is valid everywhere. #RandolphHarris 11 of 22
A sensitive and somewhat unbalanced person, as a neurotic always is, will meet with special difficulties and perhaps with more unusual tasks in life than a normal individual, who as a rule has only to follow the well-worn path of an ordinary existence. For the neurotic there is no established way of life, because one’s aims and tasks are apt to be of a highly individual character. One tries to go the more or less uncontrolled and half-conscious way of normal people, not realizing that one’s own critical and very different nature demands of one more effort than the normal person is required to exert. There are neurotics who have shown their heightened sensitiveness and their resistance to adaptation in the very first weeks of life, in the difficulty they have in taking the mother’s breast and in their exaggerated nervous reactions, and so forth. For this peculiarity in the neurotic predisposition it will always be impossible to find a psychological aetiology, because it is anterior to all psychology. This predisposition—you can call it congenital sensitiveness or what you like—is the cause of the first resistances to adaptation. As the way to adaptation is blocked, the biological energy we call libido does not find its appropriate outlet or activity, with the result that a suitable form of adaptation is replaces by an abnormal or primitive one. #RandolphHarris 12 of 22
Neurosis is not primary a phenomenon based on a perverted sexual disposition, but merely secondary and a consequence of failure to apply the stored-up psyche in a suitable way. The psychological trouble in neurosis, and the neurosis itself, can be formulated as an act of adaption that has failed. A neurosis is, in a sense, an attempt at a self-cure—a view which can be and has been applied to many other illnesses. The aggressive type looks like an exquisitely uninhibited person. One can assert one’s wishes, one can orders, express anger, defend oneself. One’s feelings about oneself is that one is strong, honest, and realistic, all of which is true if you look at things from one’s way. According to one’s premises one estimate of oneself is strictly logical, since to one ruthlessness is strength, lack of consideration for others, honesty, and a callous pursuit of one’s own ends, realism. One’s attitude on the score of one’s honesty comes partly from a shrewd debunking of current hypocrisies. Enthusiasm for a cause, philanthropic sentiments, and the like one sees as sheer pretense, and it is not hard for one to expose gestures of social consciousness or Christian virtue for what they so often are. One’s set of values is built around the philosophy of the jungle. Might makes right. Away with humanness and mercy. Homo himini lupi. Here we have values not very different from those with which the nazis have made us so familiar. #RandolphHarris 13 of 22
This behavior could be labeled as Pseudoneurotic schizophrenic. Schizophrenia literally means “split personality,” referring to portions of the psyche that are contradictory; it does not mean multiple personality disorder, which is the presence of distinct, autonomous alternate personalities. Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia is a form characterized by all-pervasive anxiety and a wide variety of neurotic symptoms that initially mask underlying psychotic tendencies, which may be manifest as occasional, brief psychotic episodes. By adapting the terminology to that of early Middle Ages, it is all devils and witchcraft. Healthy personality is growing personality. It is a way for a person to function in one’s World, a way that yields growth without placing other important values in jeopardy. People commit themselves to a repertoire of values; they live for them One who is a healthy personality seeks to fulfill them, and one defends them when they are under threat. A healthy personality is to oneself as a dedicated farmer is to one’s farm—one does everything in its time. The abundance of the crops, that state of one’s livestock, and the condition of one’s outbuildings are testimony to the farmer’s alert and responsive care. The healthy personality likewise shows evidence, in one’s very being and presence, of one’s alert and responsive care of oneself. One finds one’s life meaningful, with satisfactions and some accepted suffering; one loves and is loved; one is can fulfill reasonable social demands upon one. #RandolphHarris 14 of 22
And one is in no doubt as to who one is, what one’s feeling and convictions are. One does not apologize for being the very person one is. One can look out on the World and see it from the standpoint of how it presently is (according o social consensus); but one can also see oneself, the World, and the people in it from the standpoint of possibility. One can regard the World as a place in which one can bring into being some possibilities that exist only in one’s imagination. The World, the other person, and oneself—none of these are seen by a healthy personality as sclerosed, frozen, finished, or defined once for all. Such a person has free access to a dimension of human being much neglected by the square, the hyper-conformist, the modal personality. I am referring here to something that has been called the unconscious, experiencing. Transcendental experiences, spiritual experience. This hidden dimension of the self, sought for centuries by beings who have longed for personal fulfillment beyond rationalism, is usually dreaded by the average person. It could be called experiencing possibility. It sometimes peeps out when one permits oneself to be unfocused and aimless, unintegrated, not going anywhere or doing anything; but is tamped back in anxious haste, for it is experiences like the contents of Pandora’s box. #RandolphHarris 15 of 22
When one’s unconscious threatens to speak, when direct experience of self or World invades one’s consciousness, one becomes overwhelmed with anxiety and may temporarily feel one is losing one’s mind and sanity. Indeed, one is on the point of going out of one’s ego. One’s present self-concept and concept of things and people are shattered by implosions and explosions of raw experience from within and without. One experiences one’s being in dimensions presently unfamiliar to one, hence frightening. However, a healthier personality recognizes that one’s unconscious, this persistent but usually drowned out dream, this source of new truth, is the voice of one’s true, real self—a statement of how one has mistreated oneself (if the message is dysphoric) or an invitation to new possibilities of being for which one has become sufficiently grown and secretly, unconsciously prepared. We look upon these possibilities from this delicious mess of insanities and realities, strivings, and deadnesses, hopes and fears, agonies and exultations, which forms our present state, and realize that the more a being becomes acquainted with the true sources of one’s inner life—both good and bad sides—the better it will be for one’s outer life. One will expand the meaning of one’s own habitual life-experience as one expands the awareness of the divine in oneself. #RandolphHarris 16 of 22
The idea that one can learn without effort, without frustration, may be good as an advertising slogan, but is certainly not true in the acquisition of major skills. Without the capacity to accept frustration humans would hardly have developed at all. And does not everyday observation show that many times people suffer frustrations without having an aggressive response? People waiting in line in order to obtain a theater ticket, religious people who fast, people in war who have to do without adequate food—in these and hundreds of other cases frustration does not produce aggression in healthy people. What can, and often does, produce aggression is what the frustration means to the person, and the psychological meaning of frustration differs according to the total constellation in which the frustration occurs. If a child, for instance, is forbidden to eat candy, this frustration, provided the parent’s attitude is genuinely loving and free from pleasure in controlling, will not mobilize aggression; but if this prohibition is only one of many manifestations of the parent’s desire for control, or if, for instance, a sibling is permitted to eat it, considerable anger is likely to be the result. What produces the aggression is not the frustration as such, but the injustice of rejection involved in the situation. #RandolphHarris 17 of 22
The most important factor in determining the occurrence and intensity of frustration is the character of a person. A very greedy person, for instance, will react angrily when one does not get all the food one wants, and a miserly person, when one’s wish to buy something inexpensive is frustrated; the narcissistic person feels frustrated when one does not get the praise and recognition one expects. The character of the person determines in the first place what frustrates one, and in the second place the intensity of one’s reaction to frustration. Practical wisdom in overcoming the most difficult situations and perfect skill in managing the most delicate ones, are qualities which should emerge from the balanced training given by this quest for truth. It becomes the background, unknown to other persons, of all one’s activities. This is a considerable achievement, a consequence of applying to them what one perceived in prayer, learnt in study, and understood in reflection. It is a teaching whose conceptions give the mind a reasonable understanding of life and whose practice gives the heart repose. It is a gross mistake to believe that this is a path to Worldly misery and material destitution. Whoever turns oneself into a jewel-case of philosophic wisdom, perfect devotion, and faultless conduct, to one comes success in all one’s enterprises. #RandolphHarris 18 of 22
When the healthy love of life is on one, and all its forms and its appetites seems so unutterably real; when the most brutal and the most spiritual things are lit by the same Sun, and each is an integral part of the total richness—why, then it seems a grudging and sickly way of meeting so robust a Universe to shrink from any of its facts and wish them not to be. Rather take the strictly dramatic point of view, and treat the whole thing as a great unending romance which the spirit of the Universe, striving to realize its own content, is eternally thinking out and representing to itself. After the pure and classic truths, the exciting and rancid ones must be experienced because our minds have become clogged with the dullness and heaviness of our native pursuits. Still, the facts of human sensibility are the most worthy of attention. However, what is the essence of this philosophy of objective conduct, so old-fashioned and finite, but so chaste and sane and strong, when compared with its rival? It is the recognition of limits, foreign and opaque to our understanding. It is the willingness after bringing about some external good, to feel at peace; for our responsibility ends with the performance of that duty, and the burden of the rest we may lay on higher powers. #RandolphHarris 19 of 22
And what sense can there be in condemning ourselves for taking the wrong way, unless we need have done nothing of the sort, unless the right way was open to us as well? I cannot understand the willingness to act, no matter how we feel, without the belief that acts are really good and bad. I cannot understand the belief that an act is bad, without regret at it happening. I cannot understand regret without the admission of real, genuine possibility in the World. Only then is it other than a mockery to feel, after we have failed to do out best, that an irreparable opportunity is gone from the Universe, the loss of which it must forever after mourn. The World is vulnerable, and liable to be injured by certain of its parts if they act wrong. And it represents their acting wrong as a matter of possibility or accident, neither inevitable nor yet to be infallibly warded off. In all this, it is a theory devoid either of transparency or of stability. It gives us a pluralistic, restless Universe, in which no single point of view can ever take in the whole scene; and to a mind possessed of the love of unity at any cost, it will, no doubt, remain forever inacceptable. One who is sufficiently ready to recognize the Higher Purpose of Life, and who has the courage to change and improve one’s way of thinking, thereby replacing the negative thoughts by optimistic ones, will certainly be rewarded by improved circumstances and greater happiness than one may already enjoy. #RandolphHarris 20 of 22
And if I still wish to think of the World as a totality, it lets me feel that a World with a chance in it of being altogether good, even if the chance never comes to pass, is better than a World with no such chance at all. A little of this knowledge saves from much danger. Even a few years’ study of philosophy will bring definite benefit into the life of a student. It will help one in all sorts of ways, unconsciously, here on Earth and it will help one very definitely after death during one’s life in the next World of being. Although its promises and experience may not appear glamorous in a Worldly sense, the Quest reveals itself to be the best pf all possible ways of living. If it exacts the highest possible price in human satisfactions it gives in return the highest possible spiritual satisfactions. “For the Lord God hath said that: Inasmuch as ye shall keep my commandments ye shall prosper in the land; and inasmuch as ye will not keep my commandments ye shall be cut off from my presence,” reports 2 Nephi 4.4. Blessed art Thou, Almighty Master, Who hast reach the beginning of the night. Hear our prayers, and those of all Thy people; and forgive us our sins voluntary and involuntary, and accept our evening supplications, and send down on Thine inheritance the fulness of Thy mercy Thy compassion. Compass us about with Thy holy Angels, arm us with the armour of Thy righteousness, fence us round with Thy truth, guard us with Thy power. #RandolphHarris 21 of 22
Deliver us from every assault and every device of the adversary; and grant us to pass this evening and the ensuing night, and all the days of our life, in fullness of peace and holiness, without sin and stumbling. For it is Thine to pity and to save, O Christ our God. “Behold, my soul delighteth in the things of the Lord; and my heart pondereth continually upon the things which I have seen and heard,” reports 2 Nephi 4.16. Grant us, Lord, to rejoice in beholding the bliss of Thy Jerusalem, and to be carried in her bosom with perpetual gladness; that as she is the home of the multitude of the Saints, we also may be counted worthy to have our portion within her; and that Thine Only-begotten Son, the Prince and Saviour of all, may in this World graciously relieve His afflicted, and hereafter in His Kingdom be the everlasting Comfort of His redeemed. Stir up, O Lord, Thy power, and come; and mercifully fulfill that which Thou hast promised to Thy Church unto the end of the World. Stir up, we beseech Thee, O Lord, our hearts to prepare the ways of Thine Only-begotten Son; that by Hid Advent we may be enabled to serve Thee with purified minds; through the same Jesus Christ our Lord. We beseech Thee, O Lord, to purify our consciences by The daily visitation; that when Thy Son our Lord cometh, He may find in us a mansion prepared for Himself; through the same Jesus Christ our Lord. #RandolphHarris 22 of 22
Do you have a dream house you fantasize about, a place to live a healthy and peaceful life?
MILLS STATION AT CRESLEIGH RANCH
Rancho Cordova, CA |
Now Selling!
Mills Station at Cresleigh Ranch is Rancho Cordova’s newest home community! This charming neighborhood offers an array of home types with eye catching architecture styles such as Mission, Mid-Century Modern, California Modern, and Contemporary Farmhouse.
Located off Douglas Road and Rancho Cordova Parkway, the residents of Cresleigh Ranch will enjoy, being just minutes from shopping, dining, and entertainment, and quick access to Highway 50 and Grant Line Road providing a direct route into Folsom. Residents here also benefit from no HOA fees, two community parks and the benefits of being a part of the highly-rated Elk Grove Unified School District.
One Must be Able to Turn to the Soul with Clear Confidence that there they Can Freely Seek the Whole Unvarnished and Uncompromised Truth!
Anything short of God is not rational, anything more than God is not possible. If the human mind be in truth the triadic structure of impression, reflection, and reaction, we think the outset of this dynamic has allowed access to the spirit of God, which is the superb, the supreme act of truly great civilizations. Of all the creations that purport to link humanity with the divine, the soul stands virtually alone in accomplishing this mission. We always knew humans tried to achieve the impossible, that one was a proud, confused, and stubborn being and because of that got themselves into mischief. Humans want above all to endure and prosper, to achieve immortality in some way. Because humans know they are mortal, the things they want most to deny is their mortality. Mortality is connected to the natural, terrestrial side of existence; and so beings reach beyond and away from that side. So much so that people try to deny finitude completely. However, humans not only have a fear of death, but also a fear of life. There are called twin fears. Still humans do not actually live stretched openly on a rack of cowardice and terror; if they did, they could not continue on with such apparent equanimity and thoughtlessness. Human’s fears are buried deeply by repression, which gives to everyday life its tranquil façade; only occasionally does the desperation show through, and only for some people. #RandolphHarris 1 of 17
You are today where your thoughts have brought you; you will be tomorrow where your thoughts take you. It is repression, then, that great discovery of psychoanalysis, that explains how well people can hide their basic motives even from themselves. However, people also live in a dimension of carefreeness, trust, hope, and joy which gives them a buoyancy beyond that which repression alone could give. In a general way, all educated people know what reflex action means. It means that the acts we perform are always the result of outward discharged from the nervous centres, and that these outward discharges are themselves the result of impression from the external World, carried in along one or another of our sensory nerves. The symbolic engineering of culture gives beings a new and durable life beyond that of the body. The dynamic of human misery on this planet all stems from humans trying to be other than one is, trying to deny their terrestrial nature. This is the cause of all psychic illness, sadism, and war. The mean of rational opinion, the centre of gravity of all attempts to solve the riddle of life—some falling below it by defect, some flying above it by excess, itself alone satisfying every mental need in strictly normal measure. Our gain will thus in the first instance be psychological. #RandolphHarris 2 of 17
God may be called the normal object of the mind’s belief. Whether over and above this he be really the living truth is another question. If he is, it will show the structure of our mind to be in accordance with the nature of reality. Whether it be or not in such accordance is, it seems to me, one of those questions that belong to the province of personal faith to decide. Each one of us is entitled to either to doubt r to believe in the harmony between one’s faculties either to doubt or to believe in the harmony between one’s faculties and truth; and that, whether one doubt or believe, one does alike on one’s personal responsibility and risk. People so willingly give over their destiny to the state and a great leader because tit is the politician who promises to engineer the World, to raise beings above their natural destiny, and so beings put their whole true in them. The central power promised to give them unlimited immunities and prosperities. Humans have tried to avoid the natural plagues of existence by giving themselves over to structures which embody immunity power, but they only have succeeded in laying waste to themselves with the new plagues unleased by their obedience to the politicians. We describe politicians as political plague-mongers. They are the ones who lie to the people about the real possibility and launch humankind on impossible dream which take impossible tolls of real life. #RandolphHarris 3 of 17
The conceiving or theorizing faculty—the mind’s middle department—functions exclusively for the sake of ends that do not exist at all in the World of impression we receive by way of our senses, but are set by our emotional and practical subjectivity altogether. It is a transformer of the World of our impressions into a totally different World—the World of our conception: and the transformation is effected in the interest of our volitional nature, the definite subjective purposes, preferences, fondness for certain effects forms, orders, and not the slightest motive would remain for the brute order of our experience to be remodeled at all. But, as we have the elaborate volitional constitution we do have, the remodeling must be effected; there is no escape. The World’s contents are given to each of us in an order so foreign to our subjective interests that we can hardly by an effort of the imagination picture to ourselves what it is like. We have to break that order altogether—and by picking out from it the items which concern us, and connecting them with others far away, which we say “belong” with them, we are able to make out definite threads of sequence and tendency; to foresee particular liabilities and get ready for them; and to enjoy simplicity and harmony in place of what was chaos. #RandolphHarris 4 of 17
However, once you base your whole life-striving on a desperate lie and try to implement that lie, try to make the World just the opposite of what it is, then you instrument your own undoing. You are spoiling everything for yourself, contaminating your purity and brining disease and weakness into your vitality. Then you have a mandate to launch a political campaign to make the World pure. Hardly anyone knows the names of the real benefactors of humankind, whereas every child knows that name of the generals of the political plague. Natural science is constantly drilling into human’s consciousness that fundamentally one is a lower than a worm’s belly in the Universe. The political plague-monger is constantly harping on chaos and destruction, but has no ideas how to make life easier on the people. This is thrusting people into the shadow World. The shadow is the other side. It is the expression of our own imperfection and Earthliness, the negative which is incompatible with the absolute values. The shadow becomes a dark thing in one’s own psyche, an inferiority which none the less really exists even though dimly suspected. The person wants to get away from this inferiority, naturally; one wants to jump over one’s own shadow. The most direct way of doing this is by looking for everything dark, inferior, and culpable in others. #RandolphHarris 5 of 17
Humans are not comfortable with guilt, it strangles them, literally is the shadow that falls over their existence. The guilt-feeling is attributable to the apperception of the shadow. This guilt-feeling based on the existence of the shadow is discharged from the system in the same way both by the individual and the collective—that is to say, by the phenomenon of the projection of the shadow. The shadow, which is in conflict with the acknowledged values [for instance, the cultural façade over terrestrial being] cannot be accepted as a negative part of one’s own psyche and is therefore projected—that is, it is transferred to the outside World and experienced as an outside object. It is combated, punished, and exterminated as the alien out there instead of being dealt with as one’s own inner problem. We have the dynamic for the classic and age-old expedient for discharging the negative forces of the psyche and the guilt: scapegoating. It is precisely the split-off sense of inferiority and immoral which is projected onto the scapegoat and then destroyed symbolically with one. When people stigmatize others or hurt others for no reason all the many reasons adduced, there is one reason that goes right into the heart of mind of each person, and that is the projection of the shadow. #RandolphHarris 6 of 17
The principal and indeed the only thing that is wrong with the World is humans. Given what both the stigmatized and the normal introduce into mixed social situations, it is understandable that all will not go smoothly. We are likely to attempt to carry on as though in fact one is wholly fitted one of the types of persons naturally available to us in the situation, whether this means treating one as someone better than we feel one might be or someone worse than we feel one probably is. If neither of these tacks is possible, then people may try to act as if the individual were a non-person, and not present at all as someone of whom ritual notice is to be take. One, may in turn, is likely to go along with these strategies, at least initially. In consequence, attention is furtively withdrawn from its obligatory targets, and self-consciousness and other-consciousness occurs, expressed in the pathology of interaction—uneasiness. In social situations with an individual known or perceived to have stigma, we are likely, then, to employ categorizations that do not fit, and we and the stigmatized individual is likely to become the more adept at managing them. One who always wears the mask of a friendly being must at last gain a power over friendliness of disposition, without which the expression itself of friendliness is not to be gained—and finally friendliness of disposition gains the ascendancy over one—one is benevolent. #RandolphHarris 7 of 17
We all do a certain amount of acting. However, we may act in two ways. In the first way, we try to change how we outwardly appear. The action is the body language, the put-on sneer, the posed shrug, the controlled sigh. This is surface acting. The other way is deep acting. Here, display is a natural result of working on feeling; the actor does not try to seem happy or sad but rather expresses spontaneously a real feeling that has been self-induced. In deep acting and surface acting, feelings do not erupt spontaneously or automatically. In both cases the actor has learned to intervene—either in creating the inner shape of a feeling or in shaping the outward appearance of one. In surface acting, the expression on my face or the posture of my body feels put on. It is not part of me. In deep acting, my conscious mental work—the effort to imagine a tall surgeon looming over me, for example—keeps the feeling that I conjure up from being part of myself. Thus in either method, an actor may separate what it takes to act from the idea of a central self. However, whether the separation between “me” and my face or between “me” and my feeling counts as estrangement depends on something else—the outer context. In the World of the theater, it is an honorable art to make maximum use of the resources of memory and feeling in stage performance. In private life, the same resources can be used to advantage, though to a lesser extent. #RandolphHarris 8 of 17
However, when we enter the World of profit-and-loss statements, when the psychological costs of emotional labor are not acknowledged by the company, it is then that we look at these otherwise helpful separations of “me” from my face and my feeling as potentially estranging. In surface acting the actor does not really experience the World from an imperial viewpoint, but one works at seeming to. What is on the actor’s mind? The audience, which is the nearest mirror to one’s own surface. This type of art is less profound than beautiful. It is more immediately effective than truly powerful; [its] form is more interesting than its content. It acts more on your sense of sound and sight than on your soul. Consequently it is more likely to delight than to move you. You can receive great impressions through this art. But they will neither warm your soul nor penetrate deeply into it. Their effect is harp but not lasting. Your astonishment rather than your faith is aroused. Only what can be accomplished through surprising theatrical beauty or picturesque pathos lies within the bounds of this art. However, delicate and deep human feelings are not subject to such technique. They call for natural emotions at the very moment in which they appear before you in the flesh. They call for the direct cooperation of nature itself. #RandolphHarris 9 of 17
There are two ways of doing deep acting. One is by directly exhorting feeling, the other by making indirect use of a trained imagination. Only the second is true Method acting. However, in either case the acting of passions grows out of living in them. People sometimes talk as much about their efforts to feel (even if these efforts fail) as they do not about having feelings. In the flow of experience, there are occasional common but curious shades of will—will to evoke, will to suppress, and will to somehow allow a feeling, as in “I finally let myself feel sad about it.” Sometimes there is only a social custom in mind—as when a person wishes to feel sad at a funeral. However, other times there is a desperate inner desire to avoid pain. Some people fight against love, they fight against grief, they fight against anger. All of these emotions are linked. One man’s effort to prevent himself from feeling love made him remind himself when he touched, moved, overwhelmed by the sights and smell of her, or a sight and smell which recalled her, or passing their old house or eating their foods, or walking on their streets; do not do this, do not feel. First he succeeded in removing her from the struggle. He lost his love. He lost his anger. She became a limited idea, like a newspaper death notice. He did not lose her entirely, but chipped away at it: do not, do not, do not, he would remind himself in the middle of the night; do not feel; and then dream what he could. #RandolphHarris 10 of 17
There are almost like orders to a contrary horse (whoa, giddyup, steady now), attempts to exhort feelings as if feeling can listen when it is talked to. It also presupposes an aspiration to feel. The being who fought against love wanted to feel the same about his former wife as he thought she felt about him; if he was a limited idea to her, he wanted her to be that for him. A country lover in twelfth-century France or a fourteen-year-old American female rock fan might have been more disposed to aspire to one-sided love, to want it that way. Deep acting comes with its social stories about what we aspire to feel. Coaching our emotions only addresses the capacity to duck a signal, to turn away from what evokes feeling. It does not move to the home of the imagery, to that which gives power to a sight, a sound, or a smell. It does not involve the deeper work of retraining the imagination. Ultimately, direct prods to feeling are not based on a deep look into how feeling works, and for this reason people are not under any circumstances use action which is directed immediately at the arousing of feeling for its own sake. The man who wanted to fight off love for his former wide might have approached the situation differently. First, it may have been more effective to use emotion memory: he might consider remembering the times he had felt furious at his wife’s thoughtlessness or cruelty. #RandolphHarris 11 of 17
It might have helped the man forget his feelings for his wife if he focused on one most exasperating instance of this, reevoking all the circumstances. Perhaps she had forgotten his birthday, had made no effort to remember, and failed to feel badly about it afterwards. Then he would use the “if” supposition and say to himself: “How would I feel about her if this is what she really was like?” He would not prompt himself not to feel love; rather he would keep alive the cruel episode of the forgotten birthday and substation the “if.” He would not, then, fall naturally out of love. He would actively conduct himself out of love through deep acting. To store a wealth of emotion memories, the actor must remember experiences emotively. However, to remember experiences emotively, one must first experience them in that way too, perhaps with an eye to using the feelings later. The mind acts as a magnet to reusable feeling. So the conceiving of emotion memory as a noun, as something one has, brings with it a conceiving of memory and of spontaneous experience itself as also having the qualities of a useable, nounlike thing. Feeling—whether at the time, or as it is recalled, or as it is later evoked in acting—is an object. It may be a valuable object in a worthy pursuit, but it is an object nonetheless. Some feelings are more valuable object than others, for they are more richly associated with other memorable events: a terrifying train ride may recall a childhood fall or nightmare. #RandolphHarris 12 of 17
However, memory is not enough. The memory, like any image drawn to mind, must seem real now. The actor must believe that an imagined happening really is happening now. To do this, the actor makes up an “as if,” a supposition. One actively suspends the usual reality testing, as a child does at play, and allows a make-believe situation to seem real. Often the actor can manage only a precarious belief in all of an illusion, and so one breaks it up into sturdier small details, which take one by one are easier to believe: “if I ere in a terrible storm” is chopped up into “if my eyebrows were wet and if my shoes were soaked.” The big if is broken into many little ones. The furnishings of the physical stage—a straight horse-hair chair, a pointer leaning against the wall—are used to support the actor’s if. Their purpose is not to influence the audience, as in surface acting, but to help convince the person doing deep acting that the if events are really happening. You have got to get to the stage of life where going for it is more important than winning or losing. It appears that the goal the individual most wishes to achieve, the end which one knowingly and unknowingly pursues, is to become oneself. When people are facing troubles because of their unique combination of difficulties, it is important to make them feel free and safe. #RandolphHarris 13 of 17
To help others, we have to understand the way one feels in one’s own inner World, to accept one as he or she is, to create an atmosphere of freedom in which one can move in one’s thinking and feeling and being, in any direction one desires. How does the individual use this freedom? It is my experience that one uses it to become more and more oneself. One begins to drop the false fronts, or the masks, or the roles, with which one has a faced life. One appears to be trying to discover something more basic, something more truly oneself. At first one lays aside mask which one is to some degree aware of using. We can use our relationships to explore, to examine the various aspect of our own experience, to recognize and face up to the deep contradictions which one often discovers. One learns how much of this behavior even how much of the feeling one experiences, is not real, is not something which flows from the genuine reactions of one’s organism, but is a façade, a front, behind which one has been hiding. One discovers how much of one’s life is guided by what one thinks one should be, not by what one is. Often one discovers that one exists only in response to the demands of others, that one seems to have no self of one’s own, that one is only trying to think, and feel, and behave in the way that others believe one ought to think, and feel and behave. #RandolphHarris 14 of 17
The dilemma of the individual, the most common despair is to be in despair at not choosing, or willing, to be oneself; but that the deepest form of despair is to choose to be another than oneself. On the other hand to will to be that self which one truly is, is indeed the opposite of despair, and this choice is the deepest responsibility of humans. Exploring the reality of self is often a painful and troubling search. This exploration becomes even more disturbing when one finds oneself involved in removing the false faces which one had not known were false faces. One begins to engage in the frightening task of exploring the turbulent and sometimes violent feelings with in oneself. To remove a mask which one has thought was part of one’s real self can be a deeply disturbing experience, yet when there is freedom to think and feel and be, the individual moves toward such a goal. Many people who put up a false front, if the wall, the damn, is not maintained, then everything will be swept away in violence of the feelings that one discovers pent-up in one’s private World. Yet it also illustrates the compelling necessity which the individual feels to search for and become oneself. It also begins to indicate the way in which the individual determines the reality in oneself—that when one fully experiences the feelings which at an organize level one is, as one experiences self-pity, hatred, and love, then one feels an assurance that one is being a part of one’s real self. #RandolphHarris 15 of 17
We cannot simply repair people for more bad use of themselves. Every time a timid husband or a hardworking wife is helped to fuller functioning and changed ways, a tiny sector of society has been changed. Every time a son is released from morbid dependency upon his parents or slavish conformity to his father’s orders, a victory in the struggle for political freedom has been gained. If the father or mother can be enlightened, so much better. In such cases, the tyrannical government exists in the home; but the home is a microcosm of society at large. The purpose for which the society came into being is freedom, albeit responsible freedom. Whilst there are parts of our nature which remain still undeveloped, we are not complete humans. It is the wholeness of one’s bodily, mental, and spiritual being that humans must develop. Results will best prove the soundness of the integrated path, the effectiveness of the integrated personality. Humans are a many-sided being. One’s development must accordingly be correlated with this fact. The whole psyche of humans must get into this task of self-spiritualization. Feeling alone cannot do it, will alone cannot do it, thinking alone cannot do it, and initiating alone cannot do it. Every element must contribute to it and be shaped by it. #RandolphHarris 16 of 17
Let us have faith that right makes right; and in that faith let us to the end dare to do our duty as we understand it. O God, who by the light of Thy Word scatterest away the darkness of ignorance, increase in our hearts the power of faith which Thou hast given; that no temptations may avail to quench the fire which Thy grace hath caused to be enkindled; through Jesus Christ our Lord. We beseech Thee, O Lord, in Thy loving kindness, to pour Thy holy light into out souls; that we may ever be devoted to Thee, by Whose wisdom we were created, and by Whose providence we are governed; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Let our prayer, O Lord, come before Thee in the morning. Thou didst take upon Thee our feeble and suffering nature; grant us to pass this day in gladness; and peace, without stumbling and without stain; that reaching the eventide without any temptation, we may praise Thee the eternal King: though Thy mercy, O our God, Who art blessed, and dost live, and govern all things, World without end. In the evening, and mourning, and noonday, we praise Thee, we bless Thee, we thank Thee, and pray Thee, Master of all, to direct our prayers as incense before Thee; and let not our hearts turn away to words of thoughts of wickedness, but rescue us from all thing that hunt our souls. For to Thee, Lord, Lord our eyes look up, and our hope is Thee. Confound us not, O our God. #RandolphHarris 17 of 17
Cresleigh Homes
Mills Station at Cresleigh Ranch | Residence 3
This week, follow Abbie Johnson on a tour of #MillsStationResidence 3 at #CresleighRanch! This home is highly customizable, with 3-4 bedrooms, 3 & 1/2 bath, covered patio, extendable living space, and more! Visit our website to use the interactive blueprint tool, or schedule a tour with us to see this home for yourself! Link: https://cresleigh.com/mills-station/residence-3/
People do Not Desire Money Because You can Buy things for it, but You can Buy things for Money Because People Desire it!
The soul transforms reality from a mausoleum into many theaters. There are high spots in all of our lives and most of them come about through encouragement from someone else. Encouragement is the oxygen of the soul. You gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. Life is not about the breaths we take, it is about the moments that take our breath away. When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against the wind, not with it. If immortality is the unchangeable motive, then all social custom is essentially sacred. It is important to gain insight into the evolution of new structures of power. We saw that with the decline of the primitive World and with the rise of kingship, beings came to imitate kings in order to get power. Now what did kings pursue besides immortality in the royal family? Why of course: skills, courtesans, fine swords, horses and monuments, city palaces and country estates—all the things that can be bought with gold. If you gained immortality by leaving behind Earthly sons, why not equally gain it by leaving behind vast accumulations of other physical mementos to your image? And so the pursuit of money was also opened up to the average being; gold became the new immortality symbol. #RandolphHarris 1 of 19
In the temple buildings, palaces, and monuments of the new cities we see a new kind of power being generated. No longer the power of the totemic communion of persons, but the power of the testimonial of piles of stone and gold. In monumental forms, as money or as the city itself, each generation inherits the ascetic achievements of its ancestors…as a debt to be paid by further accumulation of monuments. Through the city the sins of the fathers are visited upon the children, every city has a history and a rate of interests. In other words, the new patriarchy passes not only family immortality to the son, but also accumulated gold, property, and interest—and the duty to accumulate these in turn. The assures his own self-perpetuation by being “greater” than the father: by leaving behind a larger mark. Immortality comes to reside no longer in the invisible World of power, but in the very visible one, and death is overcome by accumulating time-defying monuments. These accumulations of stone and gold make possible the discovery of the immortal soul. Death is overcome on condition that the real actuality of life pass into these immortal and dead things; money is the man; the immortality of the estate or a corporation resides in the dead things which alone endure. The pyramid directed its hope of immortality to the sky which it tried to penetrate, but it displayed itself before beings and laid its heavy burden on their backs. #RandolphHarris 2 of 19
The material that flowed in the veins was gold. Beings now took the sacred and tried to give it monumental, enduring form; it was natural, then, that in the city one finally settled upon the most durable precious metals. If the new dramatization of immortality was to be in the power and glitter of the visible rather than the invocation of the invisible, then that drama had to be transformed from the group to the new magic object, money. Money is the new “totemic” possession. This new equation of money and totemic spirits is not meant to be frivolous. With the decline of tribal society, rituals were also discredited. Yet beings needed new rituals because they gave order and form to society and magically tied the whole World of experience together. And this is probably the fundamental reason that money entered the picture in the ancient World with such ineluctable force: it filled the vacuum left by ritual and itself became the new ritual focus. Money provides a fixed, external, recognizable sign for what would be confused, contradictable operations: ritual makes visible external signs of internal states. Money mediates transactions; ritual mediates experience, including social experience. Money provides a standard for measuring worth; ritual standardizes situations, and so helps to evaluate them. #RandolphHarris 3 of 19
Money makes the link between the present and the future, so does ritual. The more we reflect on the richness of the metaphor, the more it becomes clear that this is no metaphor. Money is only an extreme and specialized type of ritual. However, modern humans seem to have trouble understanding money; it is too close to them, too much a part of their lives. Let each of us aspire to inspire, before we expire. The last thing a fish would discover is water, since it is so unconsciously and naturally a part of its life. Beyond all of this, the reason money is so elusive to our understanding is that it is still sacred, still a magical object on which we rely for our entrance into immortality. Or, put another way, money is obscure to analysis because it is still a living myth, a religion. When one points out their truth, religions die. From this point of view, the religion of money has resisted the revelation of its truth; it has not given itself over to science because it has not wanted to die. Money is what is is—sacred power—and not a thing. In primitive society, dog’s teeth, sea shells, bands of feathers, and mats were used as money! These things not only seem to us worthless, they may even be repugnant to our senses of what is proper to carry around and to value. The key to the whole thing is, of course, that we live in a different power World than did the primitives. #RandolphHarris 4 of 19
For us, BMW motors, Winchester guns, Microsoft electric circuits embody power, for the primitives, power resided in the qualities of living thins and in the organs that embodied those qualities: teeth equaled biting and tearing power, with their uncanny smoothness and white luster and their terrible destructiveness to living beings; feathers equaled the freedom and miraculousness of flight; and so on. These forms of primitive money, then, did not have mere ornamental value or practical exchange values as we understand it; they had real spirit-power value. And when it comes to the evolution of our own money we must look to the same source, to its origin in magic amulets or tokens. In everyone’s life, at some time our inner focus fire goes out. It is then burst into flame by an encounter with another human being. We should al be thankful for those people who rekindle the inner spirit. The grand essentials of happiness are: something to do, something to love, and something to hope for. When we think about the origin of gold as a thing of great value in ancient Egypt, what led these beings to assign great value to it? Things that give life, enable beings to triumph over weakness and death by borrowing some of the power of the gods is what makes something valuable. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent imagination. #RandolphHarris 5 of 19
Life is not about the breaths we take, it is about the moments that take our breath away. There was a cowrie shell in the Red Sea which came to be prized as a token of life-giving powers, as an amulet to ward off he danger of death and to prolong the existence of the souls of those already dead. It was an immortality symbol, then, that came to be identified with the goddess Hathor, the divine cow, the Great Mother. The people of Egypt began to make models of these and other magical shells in clay, stone and any other material that came to hand. These were believed to have the magic of real shells. In the course [of time they] discovered that they could make durable and attractive models by using the soft plastic metal which was lying around unused and unappreciated in the Nubian desert. The lightness and beauty of the untarnishable yellow metal material made an instant appeal. The gold models soon became more popular than the original shells, and the reputation for life-giving was then in large measure transferred from mere form of the amulet to the metal itself. In other words, the powers of the god came to be present in the metal. Gold was straightforwardly identified with the fire god Agni. Gold could be substituted for the Sun in the sacred ritual. The gold plate was the same as truth. The Sun was the same as truth. It was thought to be made of gold; for gold is light, and he (the Sun) is light; gold is immortality, and he is immortality; it is round, for he is round. Indeed, the gold plate was considered the Sun. #RandolphHarris 6 of 19
Money suggests a common origin for the gold coin, the crown, and the halo, since all three represents the Sun’s disc. (We liked to imagine that we knew coins were round because they could fit more comfortably in our pockets.) The special attraction of gold and sliver as primary monetary values was due to their symbolic identification with the Sun and Moon, which occupied a primary sacred place in the early cosmic government cosmologies. Even more fascinating is the fact that the value ratio of gold and sliver has remained stable from classical antiquity through the Middle Ages and even into modern times as 1.13 ½ (Sarah Winchester’s favorite time of day). Such a stability cannot be explained in logical terms of rational supply and demand: the explanation must be possessed in the astrological magic has been in history, even in the face of its vitality still today. Beings have always sought to discover special magical properties in nature and bring them to bear in their lives. The ancients sought these special qualities in qualities of living things, in natural miraculous objects like the Sun, and in the ratios they could tease out of nature. Until very modern times, to take one example, musical instruments were built in magical astrological proportions so as to make the most divinely harmonious sounds; and I personally know one inspired guitar maker who uses the ancient “Greek foot” as a basic measure. #RandolphHarris 7 of 19
Currency, then, seems to have had its origin in magic amulets and magic imitations of the Sun, which were worn or stored because they contained the protecting spirit powers. If gold had any utility, it was a supernatural utility: a little of it was given away in exchange for quantities of stuff because a few ounces of divinity were worth pounds of gross matter. And so we see ow it was that money came to buy many other things: If it was magic, people would give anything to have it. Originally people do not desire money because you can buy things for it, but you can buy things for money because people desire it. Because gold was considered sacred, we can now understand how it was that the first banks were temples and the first ones to issue money were the priests. With the ascendancy of the priestcraft it became the priests themselves who monopolized the official traffic in sacred charms and in the exchange of favors for gold. The first mints were set up in the temples of the gods, whence our word “money”—from the mint in the temple of Jun Moneta, Juno the admonisher, on the Capitoline Hill in Rome. Forgery was sacrilege because the coins embodied the powers of the gods and only the priests could handle such powers; we get the same feeling about counterfeiters today, that they are practicing an unspeakable usurpation of hallowed powers. #RandolphHarris 8 of 19
The temples, then, were clearinghouses for money transactions, just like banks today. It was surely not lost on the priests—the first leisure class—that the tiniest quantity of sacred gold-power could bring in huge amounts of food and other stuffs. Priests may have talents for dealing with the supernatural, but they have very human appetite (and often lots of it); and if they have the leisure to ply their trade, it is because since earliest times they have convinced their fellows that it is important to assure that leisure by bringing part of the fruit of the sweat of their brow to the priests. And so the food producers must have brought food to the temples in exchange for prayers and sacrifices being performed on their behalf. Also, it must have worked the other way too: gold was a fee paid to the priest for one’s intercessions with the invisible powers. The gold fee was the proper one to pay to a god, whose essence was gold. Whence the tradition of the earliest coins being imprinted with the images of gods, then divine kings, sown to presidents in our time. All visitors to the most holy temples could bring back with them gold encapsulations of sacred power that would keep them safe throughout the year. As we finger, in our pocket, the face on the silver dollar, we reexperience some of the quiet confidence of the ancients who left the temples with the life-securing charms. #RandolphHarris 9 of 19
We know that the persists were part of the immortality ideology of what has aptly been called “cosmic government” and “the astrobiological unification of divine kingship.” We have already described the hierarchy: the king got his powers from the Heavens and radiated them in one’s own person to the people with the help of the priests, to the benefit of the patriarchal families. We might say that money coinage fit beautifully into this scheme, because now the cosmic powers could be the property of every being, without even the need to visit the temples: you could now traffic in immortality in the marketplace. (Probably why the consumer is the heart of the American economy.) Nor is this just a manner of speaking, for this traffic was a most serious new business that arose. Admittedly, when we reconstruct the phenomenological history of money it is impossible for us moderns to get into the mind and behind the eyes of ancient negotiators. However, a new being emerged in the ancient World, a being who based the value of one’s life—and so one’s immortality—on a new cosmology centered on coins. We cannot very well grasp what the painting visible even today at the entrance of a house in the ruins of Pompeii meant to the owner of the house or to the passerby whom it was obviously supposed to impress. #RandolphHarris 10 of 19
However, a picture of a man proudly weighing his phallus in a scale of gold coins must convey a feeling that the powers of nature as exemplified in the reproductive life force have their equivalency in gold, even perhaps that fatherhood is given by gold as well as the phallus—and generally that the causa sui project it well in hand. And the two chest of coins just inside the entrance, adjacent to the sleeping rooms of the adult occupants, surely convey the new way of life based on the feeling in the painting. Money became the distilled value of existence. When Corinth was destroyed, the melting-down the statues for coinage and the auctioning of the inhabitants at the slave-mart were, for Classical minds, one and the same operation—the transformation of corporeal objects into money. Or, we might say, into a single immortality symbol, a ready way of relating the increase of oneself to all the important objects and events of one’s World. In this sense, money seems to have represented a cosmological unification of visible and invisible powers—powers of the gods, of kings, of heroic victors in way—and the distillation of the booty of war. And at the center of this cosmology stood the person oneself with the visible counters of one’s own increase, the divine testimonial to one’s own immortal worth, distilling and spanning both Worlds. #RandolphHarris 11 of 19
Money is sacred as all cultural things are sacred. Custom is essentially sacred—and why should money be any exception? The thing that connect money with the domain of the sacred power. We have long known that money gives power over humans, freedom from family and social obligation, from friends, bosses, and underlines; it abolishes one’s likeness to others; it creates comfortable distance between persons, easily satisfies their claims on each other without compromising them in any direct and personal ways; on top of this it gives literally limitless ability to satisfy appetites of almost any material kind. Power is not an economic category, and neither is it simply a social category: All power is essentially sacred power. This is perfect. All power is in essence power to deny mortality. Either that or it is not real power at all, not ultimate power, not the power that humankind is really obsessed with. Power means power to increase oneself, to change one’s natural situation from one of smallness, helplessness, finitude, to one of bigness, control durability, importance. In its power to manipulate physical and social reality money in some way secures one against contingency and accident; it buys bodyguards, bullet-proof BMWs, and better medical care. #RandolphHarris 12 of 19
Most of all, money can be accumulated and passed on, and so radiates its powers even after one’s death, giving one a semblance of immortality as one lives in the vicarious enjoyments of one’s heirs that one’s money continues to buy, or in the magnificence of the art work that one commissioned, or in the statues of oneself and the majesty of one’s own mausoleum. In short, money is the human mode par excellence of coolly denying animal boundness, the determinism of nature. Money has been supercharged with the yearning of ambition and hope; money is a denial of filth, physicalness, of animality, of decay and death. The peculiar human fascination with excrement is the peculiar human fascination with death. Think; if a race of beings with advanced learning, health, and weapons were to land on our planet and tell us about the god who sustains them in Alpha Centauri, a new religion would sweep over large numbers of people overnight and discredit most of our institutions. Underneath the different historical forms of immortality striving has pulsated the lifeblood of money. In this sense, the social-structural forms of immortality striving that succeed each other up to modern times have been a kind of mask or façade over the deeper-going immortality symbol, money. #RandolphHarris 13 of 19
Money gives power now—and, through accumulated property, and, and interest, power in the future. Beings have become dependent on social symbols of prestige that single one out as especially worthy of being remembered in the eyes of gods and in the minds of humans. And this, too, of course, is the traditional meaning of the symbol of the Devil: he represents physical, Earthly, visible power on this planet easily hold sway over his more ethereal competitor, spiritual power. This is what theologians have meant when they have said that on this Earth God must obey the Devil. The Earth runs on physical laws. No wonder economic equality is beyond the endurance of modern democratic humans: the house, the car, the bank balance are their immortality symbols. Modern beings cannot endure economic equality because they have no faith in self-transcendent, otherworldly immortality symbols; visible physical worth is the only thing they have to give them external life. No wonder that people segregate themselves with such consuming dedication, that specialness is so much a fight to the death: beings lash out all the harder when they are cornered, when they are a pathetically impoverished immortality seeker. One dies when one’s little symbols of specialness die. However, your success and happiness are possessed within you. #RandolphHarris 14 of 19
Occasionally modern beings are moved to philosophize on the human condition, and stumbles on the great insight that you cannot take it with you. This leads one to pause and heave a sigh over the perversity of nature, but it does not really touch one, since one leaves behind precisely the immortal marks of one’s own achievement. One might feel self-pity and bitterness about the one-dimensionality of one’s immortality, but in matters of eternity you take what you can get. No wonder either, that the other modern ideology of egalitarianism has also found real economic equality to be unendurable. Are we puzzled that people create new prestige classes, pursue patriarchal family and the careers of their children, and pursue money and goods? They too exist only on the level of the visible, and must somehow secure their immortality here. At the beginning of the revolution they got immortality be merging with the totemic group souls of revolutionary activity; now they must try to establish the marks of each one’s personal merit. Therefore, do not go where the path may lead you, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail of success. Primitive Christianity is one of the few ideologies that has kept alive the idea of the invisible dimension of nature and the priority of this dimension of assuring immortality. #RandolphHarris 15 of 19
Thus Christianity is a threat to any one-dimensional immortality ideology, and could work in a democracy that modern democratic beings themselves find too burdensome, a society free of class and race struggle, because symbols of class and race prestige do not carry weight in the realm of the invisible spirit, which may be why people are so concerned with the state being separating from the church, but the state steadily forming incestuous bonds with the media and Hollywood as a method of control, so that people forget that God is the ultimate power and authority. Attitude is the paintbrush of the sou. The word “listen” contains the same letters are the word “silent.” Since the heart can thus wall out the ultimate irrationality which the head ascertains, the erection of its procedure into a systematized method would be a philosophic achievement of first-rate importance. Every generation will produce its Job, its Hamlet, its Prince Lestat, its Hamlet, its Faust, or its Sartor Resrtus. Rationality must, in a general way at least, banish uncertainty from the future. Our consciousness at a given moment is never free from the ingredient of expectancy. Everyone knows how when a painful thing has to be undergone in the near future, the vague feeling that it is impending penetrates all our thought with uneasiness and subtly vitiates our mood even when it does not control or attention; it keeps us from being at rest, at home, in the given present. #RandolphHarris 16 of 19
When a great happiness awaits us, the same is true. However, when the future is neutral and perfectly certain, we do not mind it, as we say, but given an undisturbed attention to the actual. Let now this haunting sense of futurity be thrown off its bearings or left without an object, and immediately uneasiness takes possession of the mind. However, in every novel or unclassified experience this is just what occurs; we do not know what will come next; and novelty per se becomes a mental irritant, while custom per se it a mental sedative, merely become the one baffles wile the other settles our expectations. Every reader must feel the truth of this. What is meant by coming to feel at home in a new place, or with new people? It is simply that, at first, when we take up our quarters in a new room, we do not know what draughts may blow in upon our back, what doors may open, what forms may enter, what interesting objects may be found in cupboards and corners. When after a few days we have learned the range of all these possibilities, the feelings of strangeness disappears. And so it does with people, when we have got past the point of expecting any essentially new manifestations from their character. The utility of this emotional effect of expectation is perfectly obvious; natural selection, in fact, was bound to bring it about sooner or later. #RandolphHarris 17 of 19
Sometimes we wish for the better, when we have it as good as it gets. People may look into their soul to find themselves, but they may find an entire community of like-minded individuals when they open their eyes. To those with ears to hear, the souls is a really noisy place. In its caverns we hear the captured voices of the centuries-old conversations that makes up our civilization. O God of hope, the true Light of faithful souls, and perfect Brightness of the blesses, Who art verily Light of Thy Church, grant that our hearts may both render Thee a worthy prayer, and always glorify Thee with the offering of praises; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Be present, O Lord, to Thy faithful people; and as Thou dost in Thy compassion vouchsafe them a hearty desire to pray, grant them, O Most Loving, the assistance of Thy comfort; through Jesus Christ our Lord. O God, the Life of the faithful, the Bliss of the righteous, mercifully receive the prayers of Thy suppliants, that the souls which thirst for Thy promises may evermore be filled from Thine abundance; through Jesus Christ our Lord. From the night of our spirit awaketh unto Thee, O God, for They precepts are a light unto us. Teach us, O God, Thy righteousness, Thy commandments, and Thy judgments. Enlighten the eyes of our mind, that we sleep not in sins unto death. Drive away all darkness from our hearts. Vouchsafe us the Sun of Righteousness. #RandolphHarris 18 of 19
Guard our life from all reproach by the Seal of Thy Holy Spirit. Guide our steps into the way of peace. Grant us to behold the dawn and the day with joyfulness, that we may send up to Thee our Prayers at eventide. We give Thee thanks, Lord God of our salvation, because Thou doest all things for the good of our life, that we may always look steadfastly unto Thee, the Saviour and Benefactor of our souls; for Thou hast refreshed us in the night past, and raised us up from our beds, and brought us to worship Thy glorious Name. Wherefore we beseech Thee, O Lord, give us grace and power that we may be accounted worthy to sing praise to Thee with understanding, and to pray to Thee without ceasing, in fear and trembling working our out our salvation, through the assistance of Thy Christ. Shine into our hearts, O loving Master, by the pure light of knowledge of Thyself; and open the eyes of our mind to the contemplation of Thine Evangelic teaching, and put into us the fear of Thy blessed commandment; that trampling down all carnal appetites, we may follow a spiritual life, thinking and doing all things according to Thy good pleasure. For Thou art our sanctification and our illumination, and to Thee we render glory, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto ages of ages. O God, Who dividest the day from the night, separate our deeds from the gloom of darkness, that every meditating on things holy, we may continually live in Thy light; through Jesus Christ our Lord. #RandolphHarris 19 of 19
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The Soul Can Become a Big Factor in Raising the Level of Intelligence in the World and in Developing Leaders!
I was taken with your earnestness, your passion. You were not jaded or cynical. There was an immediacy to your feelings for these happenings, these creatures, those question. You make well ask, “But why does a person who is seeking help change for the better when one is involved, over a period of time, in a relationship with a therapist which contains conditions without a “front” or façade, openly being the feeling and attitudes which at the moment are flowing in one?” Few people think about the noble role that the soul plays. Our ability to collect, organize, and preserve the voice and observations we have is critical to our continued survival as a species. The more genuine and congruent the therapist in the relations is, the more probability there is that change in personality in the client will occur. As one find someone who is willing to listen acceptantly to one’s feelings, one little by little become sable to listen to oneself. One begins to receive the communications from within oneself—to realize that one is angry, to recognize when one is frightened, even to realize when one is feeling courageous. As one becomes more open to what is going on within one, one becomes able to listen to feelings which one has always denied and repressed. One can listen to feelings which have seemed to one so terrible, or so disorganizing, or so abnormal, or so shameful, that one has never been able to recognize their existence in one’s self. #RandolphHarris 1 of 14
While one is listen to their soul, one also becomes more acceptant of one’s self. As an individual expresses more and more of the hidden and awful aspects one oneself, one finds that the therapist showing a consistent and unconditional beneficial regard for one and one’s feelings. Slowly one moves towards taking the same attitude toward oneself, accepting oneself as one is, and therefore ready to move forward in the process of becoming. In being a sincere person, we learn that we cannot say one thing and believe in another. Take the fact of your sincerity and enthusiasm as testimony to the value of the techniques of emotion and management. It is precisely by such a technique of emotion management that sincerity itself is achieved. And so, through this hall of mirrors in the soul, when learn that when we become angry, our bodies become tense. Our heart races. We breathe more quickly and get less oxygen. Our adrenaline gets higher. When some people get angry, they cuss, want to hit someone, yell in a bucket, cry, eat, smoke a cigarette, talk to themselves. However, these responses carry a risk of offending someone, and could possibly make an individual seem less attractive or dangerous. So we need to consider some ways of how to alleviate angry toward an irate person. There is no celestial witch-doctor, no angelic magician coming to change their character overnight. #RandolphHarris 2 of 14
When I deal with an irate person, I pretend something traumatic has happened in their lives. Once I had an irate that was complaining about me, cursing at me, threatening to get my name and report me to the company. I later found out his son had just died. Now when I meet an irate, I think of that man. If you think about the other person and why they are so upset, you have taken attention off of yourself and your own frustration. And you will not feel so angry. If anger erupts despite these presentative tactics, then deep breathing, talking to yourself, reminding yourself that “you do not have to go home with that individual” are offered as ways to manage emotions. Using these, the worker become less prone to cuss, hit, cry, or smoke. The goal is to keep the focus on your response and on ways to prevent an angry repose through anger-desensitization. And sometimes you have to realize people are mentally disturbed, maybe they cannot afford their medication, and that may help you to not let them upset you so much, but it may allow you to feel more compassion for them. Imagine how hard it must be for mentally ill people to live with themselves and not seek help. Many theorists have seen emotion as a sealed biological event, something that external stimuli can bring on, as cold weather brings on a cold. #RandolphHarris 3 of 14
Furthermore, once emotion—which we call a biological response syndrome is operating, the individual passively undergoes it. This is an organismic conception. However, it seems to me a limited view. For if we conceive of emotion as only this, what are we to make of the many ways in which people taught to attend to stimuli and manage emotion, ways that can actually change feeling? It we conceive of feeling not as a periodic abdication to biology but as something we do by attending to inner sensation in a given way, by defining situations in a given way, by managing in given ways, then it becomes plainer just how plastic and susceptible to reshaping techniques a feeling can be. The very act of managing emotion can be seen as part of what the emotion becomes. However, if we assume, as the organismic theorists do, that how we manage or express feeling is extrinsic to emotion, this idea gets lost. The organismic theorists want to explain how emotion is motored by instinct, and so they by-pass the question of how we come to assess, label, and manage emotion. Emotion is a bodily orientation to an imaginary act. As such, it has a signal function; it warns of where we stand vis-à-vis outer or inner events. Feeling as it spontaneously emerges acts for better or worse as a clue. It filters out evidence about the self-relevance of what we see, recall, or fantasize. #RandolphHarris 4 of 14
The exact point at which we feel injured or insulted, complimented or enhanced, varies. Seeing and hearing is a way of knowing about the World. It is a way of testing reality. Anxiety has a signal function. It signals danger from inside, as when we fear an overload of rage, or from outside, as when an insult threatens to humiliate us beyond endurance. However, it is important to heed your feelings and sometimes turn back, it may protect you from danger. Every emotion has a signal function. No every emotion signals danger. However, every emotion does signal the “me” I put into seeing “you.: It signals the often unconscious perspective we apply when we go about seeing. Feeling signals that inner perspective. Thus, by using helpful techniques for changing feeling—in the service of avoiding stress on ourselves and making life pleasanter for those around us—we can intervene in the signal function of feeling. This simple point is obscured whenever we apply the belief that emotion is dangerous in the first place because it distorts perception and leads people to act irrationally—which means that all ways of reducing emotion are automatically good. Of course, a person gripped by fear may make mistake, may find reflection difficult, and may not (as we say) be able to think. #RandolphHarris 5 of 14
However, a persona totally without emotion has no warning system, no guidelines to the self-relevance of a sight, a memory, or a fantasy. Like one who cannot feel and touches fire, an emotionless person suffers a sense of arbitrariness, which from the point of view of his or her self-interests is irrational. In fact, emotion is a potential avenue to the reasonable view. We may misinterpret an event, feel accordingly, and then draw false conclusions from what we feel. (We sometimes call this neurosis.) We can handle this by applying a secondary framework that corrects habits of feeling and inference, as when we say, “I know I have a tendency to interpret certain gestures as rejections.” However, feeling is the essential clue that a certain viewpoint, even though it may need frequent adjustment, is alive and well. Furthermore, it can tell us about a way of telling us about a way of seeing. A less affluent person may see the deprivations of the ghetto more accurately, more rationally, through indignation and anger than through obedience or resigned realism. One will focus clearly on the police officer’s smoking gun, the landlord’s Cadillac, the look of disapproval on the employment agent’s affluent face. Outside of anger, these images become like boulders on a mountainside, minuscule parts of the landscape. Likewise, a chronically morose person who falls in love may suddenly see the World as happier people do. #RandolphHarris 6 of 14
Emotion locates the position in the viewer. It uncovers an often unconscious perspective, a comparison. “You look tall” may mean “From where I lie on the floor, you look tall.” “I feel awe” may mean “compared with what I do or think I could do, he is awesome.” Awe, love, anger, and envy tell of a self vis-à-vis a situation. When we reflect on feeling we reflect on this sense of “from where I am.” The word objective means “free from personal feeling.: Yet ironically, we need feeling in order to reflect on the external or “objective” World. Taking feelings into account as clues and then correcting for them may be our best shot at objectivity. Like hearing or seeing, feeling provides a useful set of clues in figuring out what is real. A show of feeling by someone else is interesting to us precisely because it may reflect a buried perspective and may offer a clue as to how that person may act. In public life, expressions of feeling often make for news. For example, a TV sports newscaster noted: “Reese Witherspoon has passed the stage of trying to survive in a commercial sport. We are beyond that now. The women’s tennis teams, too. The woman are really serious players. They get really mad if the hit a net ball. They get even madder than the guys, I would say.” He had seen Reese Witherspoon miss a shot (it was a new ball), redden in the face, stamp her foot, and spank the net with her racket. From this her inferred that women “really wants to win.” #RandolphHarris 7 of 14
Wanting to win, she is a “serious” player—a pro. Being a pro, she can be expected to see the tennis match as something on which her professional reputation and financial future depend. Further, from the way she broke an ordinary field of calm with a brief display of anger, she was really serious. He also inferred that she really meant it—she was “serious.” He also inferred what she must have wanted and expected just before the net ball and what the newly grasped reality—a miss—must have felt like. He tried to pick out what part of her went into seeing the ball. A miss, if you really want to win, is maddening. From the commentator’s words and tone, TV viewers could infer his point of view. He assessed the woman’s anger in relation to a prior expectation about how pros in general see, feel, and act and about how women in general act. Women tennis pros, he implied, do not laugh apologetically at a miss, as a nonprofessional woman player might. They feel, he said, in a way that is appropriate to the role of a professional player. In fact, as newcomers they overconform. “They get even madder than the guys.” Thus the view can ferret out the sportscaster’s mental set and the role of women in it. In the same way that we infer other people’s view points from how they display feeling, we decide what we ourselves are really like by reflecting on how we feel about ordinary events. #RandolphHarris 8 of 14
Consider this example, a statement from a young man of nineteen: I had agreed to give a party with a young woman who was an old friend. Ad the time approached, it became apparent to me that, while I liked her, I did not want the [social] identification with her that such an action [the jointly sponsored party] would bring. I tried explaining this to her without success, and at first I resolved to do the socially acceptable thing—go through with it. But the day before the party, I knew I simply could not do it, so I canceled out. My friend did not understand and was places in a very embarrassing position. I cannot feel ashamed no matter how hard I try. All I felt then was relief, and this is still my dominant response. I acted selfishly, but fully consciously. I imagine that my friendship could not have meant that much. The young man reached his conclusion by reasoning back from his absence of guilt or shame, from the feeling of relief he experienced. (He might also have concluded: “I have show myself to be the sort of fellow who can feel square with himself in the cases of unmet obligation. I can withstand the guilt. It is enough for me that I tried to feel shame.”) For the sportscaster and the young man, feeling was taken as a signal. To observer and actor alike it was a clue to an underlying truth, a truth that had to be dug out or inferred, a truth about the self vis-à-vis a situation. #RandolphHarris 9 of 14
The sportscaster took the anger of the women tennis player as a clue to how seriously Reese took the game of tennis. The young man who backed out on his friend took his sense of relief and absence of guilt feelings as a clue to the absence of seriousness in his “old friendship.” Feeling can be used to give a clue to the operating truth, but in private life as well as on the job, two complications can arise. The first one lies between the clue of feeling and the interpretation of it. We are capable of disguising what we feel, of pretending to feel what we do not—of doing surface acting. The box of clues is hidden, but it is not changed. The second complication emerges in a more fundamental relation between stimulus and response, between a net ball and feeling frustration, between letting someone down and feeling guilty, between being called names by an “irate” and getting angry back. Here the clues can be dissolved by deep acting, which from one point of view involves deceiving oneself as much as deceiving others. In surface acting we deceive others about what we really feel, but we do not deceive ourselves. Diplomats and actors do this best, and very small children do it worst (it is part of their charm). In deep acting we make feigning easy by making it unnecessary. When we are more successfully at emotional control, the techniques of deep acting are joined to the principles of social engineering. #RandolphHarris 10 of 14
Can a person suppress one’s anger at a person who insults one? People can be taught how—if one is qualified by a demonstrably friendly disposition to start with. Ne may have most for a while the sense of what one would have felt has one not been trying so hard to feel something else. By taking over the levers of feeling production, by pretending deeply, one alters oneself. Deep acting has always had the edge over simple pretending in its power to convince. In jobs that require dealing with the public, employers are wise to want workers to be sincere, to go well beyond the smile that is “just painted on.” Always be honest. Behind the most effective display is the feeling that fits it, and that feeling can be managed. As workers, the more seriously social engineering affects our behavior and our feelings, the more intensely we must address a new ambiguity about who is directing them (is this me or the company talking?). As customers, the greater our awareness of social engineering, the more effort we put into distinguishing between gestures of real personal feelings and gestures of company policy. We have practical knowledge of the commercial takeover of the signal function of feeling. In a routine way, we make up for it; at either end, as worker or customer, we try to correct for the social engineering of feeling. #RandolphHarris 11 of 14
We mentally subtract feeling with commercial purpose to it from the total pattern of display that we sense to be sincerely felt. In interpreting a smile, we try to take out what social engineering put in, pocketing only what seems meant just for us. We say, “It is her job to be friendly,” or “They have to believe in their product like that in order to sell it.” In the end, it seems, we make up an idea of our “real self,” an inner jewel that remains our unique possession no matter whose billboard is on our back or whose smile is on our face. We push this “real self” further inside, making it more inaccessible. Subtracting credibility from the parts of our emotional machinery that are in commercial hands, we turn to what is left to find out who we “really are.” And around the surface of our human character, where once we were vulnerable, we don a cloak to protect us against the commercial elements. And finally as one listens more accurately to the feelings within, and become less evaluative and more acceptant toward oneself, one also moves towards greater congruence. One finds it possible to move out from behind the facades one has used, to drop one’s defensive behaviors, and more openly to be what one truly is. As these changes occur, as one becomes more self-aware, more self-acceptant, less defensive and more open, one finds that one is free to change and grow in the directions natural to the human organism. #RandolphHarris 12 of 14
In regard to feelings and personal meanings, one moves away from a state in which feelings are unrecognized, unowned, unexpressed. One moves toward a flow in which ever-changing feelings are experiences in the moment, knowingly and acceptantly, and may be accurately expressed. The process involves a change in the manner of one’s experience. Initially one is remote from one’s experiencing. An example would be the intellectualizing person who talks about oneself and one’s feelings in abstractions, leaving you wondering what is actually going on within him or her. From such remoteness one moves toward an immediacy of experiencing in which one lives openly in one’s experiencing, and knows that one can turn to it to discover its current meanings. The process involves a loosening of the cognitive maps of experience. From construing experience in rigid ways, which are perceived as external facts, the client moves toward developing changing, loosely held construings of meaning in experience, constructs which are modifiable by each new experience. In general, the evidence shows that the process moves away from fixity, remoteness from feelings and experience, rigidity of self-concept, remoteness from people, impersonality of functioning. #RandolphHarris 13 of 14
It moves toward fluidity, changingness, immediacy of feelings and experience, acceptance of feelings and experience, tentativeness of constructs, discovery of a changing self in one’s changing experience, realness and closeness of relationship, a unity and integration of functioning. We are continually learning more about this process by which change comes about, and I am not sure that this very brief summary conveys much of the richness of our findings. LORD our God, great, eternal, wonderful in glory, Who keepest covenant and promises for those that love Thee with their whole heart; Who art the Life of all, the Help of those that flee unto Thee, the Hope of those who cry unto Thee; cleanse us from our sins, secret and open, and from every thought displeasing to Thy goodness,–cleanse our bodies and souls, our hearts and consciences, that with a pure heart and a clear soul, with perfect love and calm hope, we may venture confidently and fearlessly to pray Thee. LORD, we beseech Thee, let thy favour be present to Thy people who supplicate Thee; that what by Thy inspiration they faithfully ask, by the speedy bounty they may obtain; through Jesus Christ our Lord. We beseech Thee, O Lord, to look upon Thy servants, whom Thou hast enabled to put their trust in Thee; and grant them both to ask such things as shall please Thee, and also to obtain what they ask: through Jesus Christ our Lord. #RandolphHarris 14 of 14
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A Soul is a Quiet Storage Place, and What it Stores is the Memory of the Human Race!
This delighted me. These people in the main do not volunteer their age or their history this readily, and he seemed entirely trusting when he came so easily to the point. His mind was entirely in accord with his words, and these words particularly fascinated me. I do not think I had ever encountered a person with quite this background. And there was a great deal I wanted to tell him. Is modern life driving many people insane? If humankind could return to a simpler life, would insanity diminish or disappear? Mental disorders are rare among technologically primitive peoples. For instance, recent cursory studies of the people on Okinawa and the natives of Kenya have suggested these groups are virtually free of some psychoses. Contrasted with this picture is the civilized United States of America, where some authorities have estimated that one person in 10 suffers an incapacitating mental illness at one time or another during one’s life. In America at present, however, systems of honor seem to be in decline. The stigmatized individual tends to hold the same beliefs about identity that we do; this is a pivotal fact. One’s deepest feelings about what one is may be one’s sense of being a “normal person,” a human being like anyone else, a person, therefore, who deserves a fair chance and a fair break. #RandolphHarris 1 of 19
The notion of a normal human being may have its source in the medical approach to humanity or in the tendency of large-scale bureaucratic organizations, such as the nation state, to treat all members in some respects as equal. Whatever its origins, it seems to provide the basic imagery through which laymen currently conceive of themselves. Interestingly, a convention seems to have emerged in popular life-story writing where a questionable person proves one’s claim to normalcy by citing one’s acquisition of a spouse and children, and, oddly, by attesting to one’s spending Christmas and Thanksgiving with them. (Actually, however, phrased, one bases one’s claims not on what one thinks is due everyone, but only everyone of a selected social category into which one unquestionably fits, for example, anyone of one’s age, gender, profession, and so forth.) Yet one may perceive, usually quite correctly, that whatever others profess, they do not really “accept” one and ae not ready to make contact with one on “equal grounds.” Further, the standards one has incorporated from the wider society equip one to be intimately alive to what others see as one’s failing, inevitably causing one, if only for moments, to agree that one does indeed fall short of what one really ought to be. #RandolphHarris 2 of 19
Shame becomes a central possibility, arising from the individual’s perception of one of one’s own attributes as being a defiling thing to possess, and one the individual can readily see oneself as not possessing. The immediate presence of normal is likely to reinforce this split between self-demands and self, but in fact self-hate and self-derogation can also occur when only one and a mirror are about: “When I got up at last…and had to learn to walk again, one day I took a hand glass and went to a long mirror to look at myself, and I went alone. I did not want anyone to know how I felt when I saw myself for the first time. However, there was no noise, no outcry; I did not scream with rage when I saw myself. I just felt numb. That person in the mirror could not be me. I felt inside like a healthy, ordinary, lucky person—oh, not like the one in the mirror! Yet when I turned my face to the mirror there were my own eyes looking back, hot with shame when I did not cry or make any sound, it became impossible that I should speak of it to anyone, and the confusion and the panic of my discovery were locked inside me then and there, to be faces alone, for a very long time to come. Over and over I forgot what I had seen in the mirror. It could not penetrate into the interior of my mind and become an integral part of me. #RandolphHarris 3 of 19
“I felt as if it had nothing to do with me; it was only a disguise. But it was not the kind of disguise which is put on voluntarily by the person who wears it, and which is intended to confuse other people as to one’s identity. My disguise had been put on me without my consent or knowledge like the ones in fairy tales, and it was I myself who was confused by it, as to my own identity. I looked in the mirror, and was horror-struck because I did not recognize myself. In the place where I was standing, with that persistent romantic elation in me, as if I were a favored fortunate person to whom everything was possible, I saw a stranger, a little, pitiable, hideous figure, and a face that became, as I started at it, painful and blushing with shame. It was only a disguise, but it was on me, for life. It was there, it was there, it was real. Every one of those encounters was like a blow on the head. They left me dazed and dumb and senseless every time, until slowly and stubbornly my robust persistent illusion of well-being and of personal beauty spread all through me again, and I forgot the irrelevant reality and was all unprepared and vulnerable again.” The central feature of the stigmatized individual’s situation in life can now be stated. It is a question of what is often, if vaguely, called “acceptance.” Those who have dealings with one fail to accord one the respect and regard which the contaminated aspects of one’s social identity have led them to anticipate extending, and have led one to anticipate receiving; one echoes this denial by finding that some of one’s own attributes warrant it. #RandolphHarris 4 of 19
How does the stigmatized person respond to one’s situation? In some cases it will be possible for one to make a direct attempt to correct what one sees as the objective basis of one’s failing, as when a physically deformed person undergoes plastic surgery, a blind person eye treatment, an illiterate remedial education, a homosexual psychotherapy. (Where such repair is possible, wat often results is not the acquisition of fully normal status, but a transformation of self from someone with a particular blemish into someone wit a record of having corrected a particular blemish.) Jere proneness to “victimization” is to be cited, a result of the stigmatized person’s exposure to fraudulent servers selling speech correction, skin lighteners, body stretchers, youth restorers (as in rejuvenation through fertilized egg yolk treatment), cures through faith, and poise in conversation. Whether a practical technique or fraud is involved, the quest, often secret, that results provides a special indication of the extremes to which the stigmatized can be willing to go, and hence the painfulness of the situation that leads them to these extremes. The sense of identity and self-esteem of the average member of the middle class bases their social position, prestige, power to command as the props on which one’s self-esteem rests. If these props are taken away, one collapses morally like a deflated balloon. #RandolphHarris 5 of 19
Miss Peck [a pioneer New York social worker for the hard of hearing] said that “in the early days the quacks and get-rich-quick medicine men who abounded saw the League [for the hard of hearing] as their happy hunting ground, ideal for the promotion of magnetic head caps, miraculous vibrating machines, artificial eardrums, blowers, inhalers, massagers, magic oils, balsams, and other guaranteed, sure-fire, absolute, and permanent cure-alls for incurable deafness. Advertisements for such hokum (until the 1920’s when the American Medical Association moved in with an investigation campaign) beset the hard of hearing in the pages of the daily press, even in reputable magazines.” The stigmatized individual can also attempt to correct one’s condition indirectly by devoting much private effort to the mastery of areas of activity ordinarily felt to be closed on incidental and physical grounds to one with one’s shortcoming. This is illustrated by the lame person who learns or re-learns to swim, ride, play tennis, or fly an airplane, or the blind person who becomes expert at skiing and mountain climbing. They resented their fate, but somehow accepted it as something that fit their understanding of the course of events. #RandolphHarris 6 of 19
Tortured learning may be associated, of course, with the tortured performance of what is learned, as when an individual, confined to a wheelchair, manages to take to the dance floor with a girl a shameful differentness can break with what is called reality, and obstinately attempt to employ an unconventional interpretation of the character of one’s social identity. I have attempted to describe the relationship which is basic to constructive personality change. I have tried to put into words the type of capacity which the individual brings to such a relationship. The third phrase of my general statement is that change and personal develop can occur. It is my hypothesis that in such a relationship the individual will reorganize oneself at both the conscious and deeper levels of one’s personality in such a manner as to cope with life more constructively, more intelligently, and in a more socialized as well as a more satisfying way. Here I can depart from speculation and bring in the steadily increasing body of solid research knowledge which is accumulating. We know now that individuals who live in such a relationship even for a relatively limited number of hours show profound and significant changes in personality, attitudes, and behavior, changes that do not occur in matched groups. #RandolphHarris 7 of 19
In such a relationship the individual becomes more integrated, more integrated, more effective. One shows fewer of the characteristics which are usually termed neurotic of psychotic, and more of the characteristics of the health, well-functioning person. One changes one’s perception of oneself, becoming more realistic in one’s views of self. One becomes more like the person one wished to be. One values oneself more highly. One is more self-confident and self-directing. One has a better understanding of oneself, becomes more open to one’s experience, denies or represses less of one’s experience. One becomes more accepting in one’s attitudes toward others, seeing others as more similar to oneself. In one’s behavior one shows similar changes. One is less frustrated by stress, and recovers from stress more quickly. One becomes more mature in one’s everyday behavior as this is observed by friends. One is less defensive, more adaptive, more able to meet situations creatively. These are some of the changes which we now know come about in individuals who have completed a series of counseling interviews in which the psychological atmosphere approximates the relationship. Each of the statements made is based upon objective evidence. #RandolphHarris 8 of 19
Much more research needs to be done, but there can no longer be any doubt as to the effectiveness of such a relationship in producing personality change. To me, the exciting thing about these researching findings is not simply the fact that they give evidence of the efficacy of one form of psychotherapy, though that is by no means unimportant. The excitement comes from the fact that these findings justify an even broader hypothesis regarding all human relationships. There seems every reason to suppose that the therapeutic relationship is only one instance of interpersonal relations, and that the same lawfulness governs all such relationships. Thus it seems reasonable to hypothesize that if the parent creates with one’s child a psychological climate such as we have described, then the child will become more self-directing, socialized, and mature. To the extent that the teacher creates such a relationship with one’s class, the student will become a self-initiated leaner, more original, more self-disciplined, less anxious and other-directed. If the administrator, or military or industrial leader, creates such a climate within one’s organization, the one’s staff will become more self-responsible, more creative, better able to adapt to new problems, more basically cooperative. #RandolphHarris 9 of 19
It appears possible to me that we are seeing the emergence of a new field of human relationships, in which we may specify that is certain attitudinal conditions exist, then certain definable changes will occur. If I can create a relationship characterized on my part: by genuineness and transparency, in which I am my real feelings; by a warm acceptance of and prizing of the other persons as a separate individual; by a separate individual; by a sensitive ability to see one’s World and oneself as one sees them; then the other individual in the relationship: will experience and understand aspects of oneself which previously one has repressed; will find oneself becoming better integrated, more able to function effectively; will become more similar to the person one would like to be; will be more self-directing and self-confident; will become more of a person, ore unique and more self-expressive; will be more understanding, more acceptant of others; will be able to cope with the problems of life more adequately and more comfortably. I believe that this statement holds whether I am speaking of my relationship with a client, with a group of students or staff members, with my family or children. It seems to me that we have here a general hypothesis which offers exciting possibilities for the development of creative, adaptive, autonomous persons. #RandolphHarris 10 of 19
The chief aim of existential-integrative therapy is to set people free—physically, cognitively, and emotionally. For our purposes, freedom is the perceived capacity for choice within the natural and self-imposed limitations of living. These limitations include (but are not exhausted by) culture, genes, biology, and cosmic density, such as Earthquakes. Human experience (or consciousness) can be understood in terms of six (intertwining and overlapping) levels of freedom: the physiological, the environmental, the cognitive, the psychosexual, the interpersonal, and the experiential (being). These levels (or spheres) of consciousness reflect increasing degrees of freedom within an ever-deepening domain. The outermost (physiological) level, for example, is a simpler and more restrictive manifestation of the environmental level; the environmental level is a simpler and more restrictive manifestation of the cognitive level; and so on. The range of freedom at any given level is a function of the domain that delineates that level. One’s experience of physiological (or organic) freedom, for example, is delimited by one’s ancestry, physical disposition, diet, exercise quota, substance use (for instance, drugs or alcohol), and other genetic and biochemical equivalents. #RandolphHarris 11 of 19
One’s experience of environmental freedom is similarly delineated by classical and operant conditioning phenomena. To the degree that one can manipulate conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (as in desensitization and graded-exposure procedures) or positive and negative reinforcement contingencies (as in reward and avoidance stratagems), one can attain measurable, observable environmental mastery. An example might be rewarding oneself with a vacation for keeping up a high-grade average. Cognitive freedom is demarcated by the principles of logic and rational thought. One experiences freedom here to the extent that one can identify maladaptive schemas (for instances, beliefs, assumptions, and self-statements); change those schemas through practice; and adopt new schemas based on rational and objective evidence. Some of the strategies one might use to bring about this level of liberation are rational restructuring, positive reframing, social modeling, thought stopping, thought rehearsal, and guided visualization. Using one of these strategies might bring about the recognition that one is not worthless or hopeless person just because of an unsuccessful conversation with a potential romantic partner, for example. #RandolphHarris 12 of 19
Until now, we have considered relatively conscious, measurable, observable forms of psychophysiological liberations. We have considered choice at the level of bio-chemistry, environmental manipulation, and specifiable thought processes. Now, we will shift our emphasis to comparatively subconscious, nonquantifiable psychophysiological experiences. These experiences are posited to underlie and sometimes subvert the above physiological, environmental, and cognitive levels of freedom. Freedom at the level of psychosexuality, for example, entails clarification and integration of one’s sexual-aggressive past; to the degree that this is not accomplished, one is considered pathogenically vulnerable. Liberation at this level means the strengthening of the ego—the capacity to maximize instinct gratification (sexual-aggressive expressiveness) while minimizing a sense of punishment and guilt (super-ego repressiveness). Imbalances either toward over gratification or repression are considered compulsive and therefore unfree. Psychosexual liberation is facilitated by the psychoanalytic techniques of free association, interpretation of the resistances and transference, intellectual insight, and dream interpretation. The emphasis here is on a cognitive understanding of the relationship between present relationships and past psychosexual conflicts. #RandolphHarris 13 of 19
The therapist serves as a surrogate parent here, clarifying and correcting the client’s distorted psychosexual reminiscences. For example, the therapist would help the client understand how the childhood dread of castration might manifest itself as an adult fear of assertiveness. Freedom at the level of interpersonal relationships (such as that illustrated by self psychology) both acknowledges and transcends freedom at the level of psychosexual relations. The operative dimensions here are interpersonal attachment and separation, not merely drives and social prohibitions. Freedom at the interpersonal level balances individual striving and uniqueness with interpersonal dependence and connectedness. Although interpersonal liberation also stresses the understanding of early childhood dynamics, the specific components of those dynamics differ from the components of psychosexual liberation. They include (but are not limited to) desires for and frustrations with affection, nurturance, validation, encouragement, and social/moral direction. Interpersonal liberation is facilitated not only by intellectual insight but by re-experiencing the past in the present. The therapist-client relationship is the vehicle for this reexperiencing, and current separation-attachment issues are focused upon. #RandolphHarris 14 of 19
With time and an appropriately corrective therapeutic experience, the client comes to value one’s capacity both for separateness and for relatedness, and is markedly less coerced by either position. For example, one might reexperience early nurturance deficits and work through the resultant fears, frustrations, and overcompensations associated with this damage. Forming the core of our spectrum, finally, is what I term experiential freedom, which might also be called being level or ontological freedom. Experiential liberation embraces not only physiology, environmental conditioning, cognition, psychosexuality, and interpersonal relations, but also cosmic or intersituational relations—the whole human being as far as possible. Experiential liberation is intersituatinal in that it pertains, not merely to this or that content or period of one’s life, but to the preverbal/kinesthetic awareness that underlie contents or periods of one’s life. Experiential liberation is affect-centered and best described by metaphors, works of art, and literary allusions. (Consider, for example, the expressionistic style of Vincent van Gogh, the descriptive richness of Anne Rice, or the symbolic profundity of a Hitchcock film.) Experiential liberation compares favorable to Merleau-Ponty’s (1962) “body-subject,” Wilhelm Reich’s (1949) “bioenergy,” and Morris Berman’s (1989) “kinesthetic awareness.” Each is centered in the body, and each attends to the relatively nonmediated consciousness that radiates through the body. #RandolphHarris 15 of 19
Although expansions is often associated with freedom and constriction with limits, they are not always synonymous terms. Restraint, focus, and discipline, for example, can be freeing in some contexts; conversely, activism, assertion, and audacity can be limiting (for instance, when compulsively engaged). In the balance of this essay, therefore, freedom and limitation are viewed primarily as contest for constriction and expansion, and not their conceptual equivalents. Experiential liberation, finally, is also client-centered—derivative of and pertinent to the client’s own particular struggles. This is not to say that the therapist’s and society’s concerns are dismissed in experiential liberation. Unquestionably, they cannot be dismissed and should be raised responsibly in the course of therapy. However, the ultimate criteria for experiential liberation reside in clients’ awarenesses, and it is they who must live with the consequences of those criteria. To elaborate, experiential liberation is distinguished by four intertwining and overlapping dimensions: the immediate, the kinesthetic, the affective, and the profound, or cosmic. These dimensions form the ground, or horizon, within which each of the aforementioned liberation strategies operate, and they are the context for at least one more clinically significant set of structures. These are, according to phenomenological research, the capacities to constrict, expand, and center one’s energies and experiences. #RandolphHarris 16 of 19
Expansion is the perception of bursting forth and extending psychophysiologically; constriction is the perception of drawing back and confining psychophysiolocially. Expansion is associated with the sense of gaining, enlarging, dispersing, ascending, filling, accelerating, or, in short, increasing psychophysiological options. Constriction, on the other hand, is signified by the perception or retreating, diminishing, isolating, falling, emptying, slowing, or, in short, reducing psychophysiological options. Centering, finally, is the capacity to be aware of and to direct one’s constrictive or expansive possibilities. Constriction and expansion lie along a potentially infinite continuum, only degrees of which are conscious. Constrictive or expansive dream fantasies (for example, ones in which humiliation or vengeance play a role) may be subconscious. The further one purses constriction, the closer one gets to a sense of being “wiped away,” obliterated. The further one pursues expansion, the closer one gets to an equally excessive perception of “exploding,” entering chaotic nonentity. (I use the prefix hyper- wit constriction or expansion to designate the dysfunctional or unmanageable engagement of either polarity). Dread of constriction or expansion (due mainly to past trauma) fosters extreme or dysfunctional counterreactions to those polarities. #RandolphHarris 17 of 19
This sets up a situation where, for example, expansive grandiosity becomes an escape from, or a counterreaction to, the constrictive belittlement one experienced as a child; or constrictive rigidity becomes an avoidance of the expansive disarray and confusion one experienced in a natural disaster. Confrontation with the constrictive or expansive dreads, on the other hand, can promote renewed capacities to experience the World (for instance, from a standpoint of humility for the grandiose client or from the standpoint of spontaneity for the rigid client). These two polar eventualities—chaos and obliteration, greatness and smallness—haunt the entire spectrum of freedoms. There is an intimate connection, I seems, between our most gripping anxieties) (for instance, greatness, smallness) and the primordial forces of the Universe (for instance, the “Big Bang”)—and the reports of clients confirm it. They constitute both the dreads and the possibilities underlying physiological elation (arousal) and inhibition (tranquility), conditioned recklessness (conduct disorders) and withdrawal (phobias), cognitive exaggeration (overgeneralization) and rigidity (dichotomous thinking), gluttony (promiscuity) and psychosexual austerity (abstinence), and separation (estrangement) and interpersonal attachment (dependency). #RandolphHarris 18 of 19
Experiential liberation is facilitated by careful and sensitive therapeutic invitations to stay present to (explore) denied constrictive or expansive parts of oneself. The more these parts manifest anxiety (as opposed to intellectual or detached content), the closer they are purported to be to core constrictive or expansive injuries. The gradual integration of this (preverbal/kinesthetic) material and the sense that one can survive its chaotic or obliterating implications promotes health, vitality, and an enhanced appreciation for spiritual dimension (for instance, awe, wonder, and connectedness with the cosmos). Although experiential liberation can help to open up extraordinary ranges of possibility, it is not purported to dissolve all conflict or puzzlements. To the contrary, it accepts the dialectical condition between self and not-self, freedom and limits, and helps clients to find optimal rather than consummate meanings. The implication here is that although there are always more possibilities for constrictive or expansive encounters, we cannot always reach or bear them. It is enough, at this level, to emancipate key blocks and anxieties, to, for example, overcome one’s timid, reticent disposition by confronting one’s deepest revulsions to brazenness. “Thus, the Lord did begin to pour out his Spirit upon them; and we see that his arm is extended to all people who will repent and believe on his name,” reports Alma 19.36. #RandolphHarris 19 of 19
Mills Station at Cresleigh Ranch | Residence 2
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The Right Way to Teach Beings is to Propose Truth, Not Impose it!
I climbed swiftly up the mountain until I was in the thick of the old forest that extended to the very end of my ancestral land, moving effortlessly through the snow that had exhausted me when I was a young boy and a young man. Many of the old trees I recalled were gone, and I was in a dense thicket of spruce and other fire trees when I came to the cement bench I had hauled to this high and deserted place when I had first returned in the twentieth century. It was a common kind of garden bench, curved about the bark of an immense tree, and deep enough for me to sit comfortably with my back against the tree to look down on the distant Chateau with her glorious lighted windows. On, the cold Winters I had spent under that roof, I thought, but only in passing. I was almost used to it now, the splendid palace that the old castle had become, and this sense of ownership, of being the lord of this land, the lord who could walk out to the very boundaries, and gaze on all that one ruled. I shut out the sound of distant music, voices, laughter. I wake slowly and without enthusiasm, spinning out each moment as long as possible. Here, under the bedclothes, is the safety of the primeval cave, the womb warmth of the lord’s lair. All humanity loves the security and comfort of these slow, drowsy moments: to us, they are vital. #RandolphHarris 1 of 17
More than sleep itself, they stoke up our energy, making unreal past and future, and all the present except the sweet laziness of muscle and the mind’s soft meanderings. It is, I supposed, about an hour before full consciousness crowds in on me and I can no longer lie in peace. I wish, I really wish, it were possible to prolong that state of trance indefinitely, to hibernate my way into eternity so that the World’s events, great and small, passed unnoticed and unfelt. However, as I have gradually extended my sleeping hours from the normal eight to twelve or more, to fill in the long and empty days, I suppose I cannot complain. For myself, I am content enough alone, although at times the need for emotional contact with another human being becomes hard to bear. I cannot be bothered to cook anything, so I make a pot of tea, have a slice of break, switch on the radio, and attempt to read the day-old paper. Before long it beings to bore and annoy me. I turned my head to the left and started to gaze at the murals on the wall, which had the eerie perfection of a vampire painter, and it made them look both magnificent and contrived at the same time, as if someone had blasted the walls with photographic images and then a team had painted them in. Thus, if a man should die, yet his personality in his home allowed to live on in that his possessions and choice of their settings are left and where they are, his presence will continue to be felt. #RandolphHarris 2 of 17
If he has passed his physical body and mental characteristics on to his children, and they continue to live in this home, his presence will be felt more strongly. Furnished rooms, though obviously not completely empty, have this same anonymity, so that the newcomer, feeling lost in the void, is indefinably cheered at the discovery of an bedroom with comforters and pillows already on the bed, or a living room with plush sofas and art on the walls, with their message that the vacant space has been filled in the past and can be so in their own share of its future. To be precise, I have no roots, and, apart from an African wood carving on the mantelpiece and a couple of books on the bedside table, the room is as impersonal as when I first took it. The carving is about all I have left f my childhood and family (from whom, obviously, I had to sever myself) and was collected by my grandfather, who specialized in African primitives. The books, relics of school-day enthusiasm, have remained unopened for months now, giving way to an endless stream of newspapers and periodicals. A part from the extremes of fear and weakness of resolution, no softness of any kind must be shown or shared, for softness has no place in our World. #RandolphHarris 3 of 17
It is at once shunned and despised when we come across it, because to be soft is to be constantly shamed and hurt, to lose illusions before others can be built up, to invite trickery, to open the door for the profiteer, the violent or the mad, to allow that vital and precious awareness to be dulled. From the time of my own high school days, I have heard judgments and words, sometimes spoken by the people I love, sometimes by those I despise. It can be difficult to ignore the self-defeating invective. It took many years of experience in life, and some invaluable psychoanalytic therapy, for me to overcome such influences on my own attitude. However, even before I had succeeded in rebutting and then rejecting the hostile viewpoints, I had reacted to them. Since them, I have learned through observation that my reaction was not unusual. The need for self-acceptance is buried within many of us, and we can only throw off the influence of those who think us beneath them by always striving, despite the hardship and impediment, to excel even beyond our own capacities. Our ethical standards must be above reproach, our honesty greater than that of others, our loyalty to friends and ideals firmer than that of other people, precisely because—knowingly or not—they think so little of some of us, and precisely in that order that we must think the more of ourselves. #RandolphHarris 4 of 17
At each turn of life and at all moments of the day, it is important for us to convince ourselves that we are as good as the next person; in fact, better. It is necessary for us to believe in ourselves, as it must be for all successful persons. Because humankind can make it so difficult for us to preserve our self-esteem, it may be necessary to hold aloft our own activities, to drive on with our own achievements in order that our faith in self can survive the impact of many crushing blows. And those who have studied the personality adjustments of people in other marginalized groups, whether of the character, will recognize the struggle as following a not uncommon pattern. The stages of the Quest for Truth passes by degrees from the disciplining of the ego to the opening of consciousness to God. For me personally, I was spurred by a belief that if my learning were greater, my thinking deeper, my talents more creative, then the loftier would be the stature which I could assume in my own eyes. On this journey there are stages of ascent, stations of understanding lights of peace, and shadows of despair. If we continue the inner work we will pass through various stages of development. It would be a mistake to believe that one has reached a final attitude or a fixed set of values. Between the beginner and the adept is this difference: that the state of being which the one looks up to with awe-struck wonder seems entirely natural to the other. #RandolphHarris 5 of 17
Here is, perhaps, a phase of the laws of compensation. It is a counterpart of the bravado displayed by the cowardly, the overlording shown by the diminutive, the conceit by those who suffer from an inferiority of feeling to utilize scientific foundation for its group attitude as justification for discrimination. In other fields, it is called a defense mechanism, or a Napoleonic complex. However, it is not the origin that matters. We are concerned with the results, whether beneficial or destructive to society and to the individual. A small person is anti-social when one seeks to compensate for one’s defects, in one’s own image, for whatever inferior trait by a display of dictatorial traits in which one uses other people as pawns. One’s behavior stems from a factor beyond his or her control, and may be turned to other directions, and does not make it the more palatable for society. When people are oppressed and discriminated against, however, many of their achievements may stem from the effort of the individual to excel in order to combat the influence of universal condemnation on one’s self-esteem. This is a beneficial consequence, even though it may (or may not) arise from an unfortunate source. People tell us we should tolerate others with differences, but tolerance is one of the ugliest words in our language. No word is more misunderstood. #RandolphHarris 6 of 17
We appeal to other beings to be tolerant of others—in other words to be willing to stand them. I do not want to be tolerated, and I cannot see why anyone else should be struggling to be tolerated. If people are no good, they should not be tolerated, and if they are good, they should be accepted. In the intergroup relations people are far from having attained acceptance of peoples other than themselves. Tolerance—in the sense of willingness to put up with the existence of others—is still to be achieved. However, what is it but a miserable compromise? In the name of humanity appeals are made to various groups to tolerate each other, when tolerance is actually hardly more desirable than intolerance. The latter is only slightly more inhumane than the former. People cutting across all racial, religious, national, and caste lines, frequently react to rejection by a deep understanding of all others who have likewise been scorned because of their belonging to a marginalized group. It is not for us to join with those who reject millions or billion of our fellow beings of all types and groups, but to accept all beings, an attitude forced upon us happily by the stigma of being cost out of the fold of society. And today, the deep-rooted prejudices that restrict marriages and friendships according to social strata—family wealth, religion, color, and a myriad of other artifices—are conspicuously absent among the submerged groups that makes up the marginalized members of our society. #RandolphHarris 7 of 17
The sympathy for all humankind—including groups similarly despised in their own right—that is exhibited by so many people who feel like they are outcasts, can be a most rewarding factor, not only for the individual, but for society. The person learning to accept oneself can—and often does—demonstrate that he or she harbors no bitterness, for one learns, of necessity, the meaning of turning the other cheek. One is forced by circumstances to answer hate with love, abuse with compassion. It is no wonder, then, that one can as a doctor, educator, or pacifist, show a tenderness to others, no matter how tragic their dilemma, that is seldom forthcoming from people who have themselves not deeply suffered. The humiliations of life can distill a mellow reaction, a warmth and understanding, not only for people in like circumstance, but for all the unfortunate, the despised, the oppressed of the Earth. People who are rejected and accept their circumstances are compelled to constantly search for the answers to their problems within themselves. Reminded of the “baseness” and the “ugliness” of one’s acts, one wishes to understand what differentiates one from all other around them. This introspective study pervades the entire personality and all its activities. The great why, the infantile manifestation of curiosity that strives, in the less inhibited mind of the child, to gain the key to the ultimate riddle of a being’s life and its meaning, is typical of those who have been marginalized. #RandolphHarris 8 of 17
Unable, perhaps, to develop the extrovert qualities which require a receptive World in which to have free play; struggling to find a solution to the mystery of one’s own imperious desires; not suited for unquestioning acceptance of the facts of one’s self without an understanding of these facts—the invert finds much of one’s thought process consumed with inner projection. The flare-up of temper, the critical perception of a work of art, the basis of a broken friendship, the unfinished task at work, the daydream and the nightmare—whence come these facets of life, what are their hidden meanings, how do they tie in with the total personality? These perceptive abilities, sharpened by inner search, can be and frequently are applied to an understanding of all people. On the surface this seems to be confined to the ability to recognize hidden, latent, or well-disguised talent behind the façade of respectability, but it also permits recognition of the concealed meaning of a poem, the delayed break of a handshake, even the condemnatory attitude of a hostile person. This ability is, in a sense, a form of self-protection. Analytical abilities that are developed by introspection, sharpened by the search for a glimpse behind anonymous mask, are extended to the understanding of all phases of human behavior. #RandolphHarris 9 of 17
Because some individual learns that one’s activities, thoughts, philosophies, aspirations, are understandable in the light of full knowledge of the intricacies of the emotional structure; because one learns that the motives for an action may be camouflaged so thoroughly that it seems to stem from the very opposite of its actual source; because, in short, one is forced to obtain a wealth of knowledge about the personal psychological make-up, one can and frequently does this to the fuller understanding of others. And when to this understanding is added compassion for all individuals and groups, no matter to what tragic pass life has brought them, a rare combination of worthwhile traits is obtained. It is understood that beyond discussion, not based on unthinking faith, blind passion, illogical reasoning, or linger prejudices that are one time or another were part of the ruling mores of society fails to receive its day in court. Not all people have been able to utilize their disadvantageous position for self-improvement in every respect and in all direction. I have pointed out the struggle to excel, but many people are easily defeated. Their resiliency in the face of the burden they carry is insufficient to meet the experiences of life. I have outlined the understanding that is extended to other individuals and groups that struggle, each in its own manner, against exclusion. #RandolphHarris 10 of 17
However, many people, even those in marginalized groups, are deeply rooted in prejudice. They have been unable to learn the lesson that should be so apparent to them in the face of the World’s bigotry and persecution. I have depicted the individual turned compassionate toward one’s fellow beings, but there are those whose cruelty is lustful and murderous. Self-study and insight are not always present, nor is skepticism of necessity a constructive force. However, it is the very essence of democracy, the antithesis of totalitarianism, that justice and fair play are desirable ends in themselves. Repression and intolerance are to be condemned, no mater what lofty purpose may motivate them or what useful result may unwittingly issue therefrom. The beneficial reaction that turns repression to the finer purpose in life is far from a justification of that of course. In fact, the opposite is true, for it is a demonstration of character, power, and intellect of the invert that gives the lie to the name-calling of one’s enemies and proves all the more one’s worthiness of acceptance by society. The desirable ends which I have outlined must, in fact, be weighed against the needless sufferings, the dejection and humiliation, the extortion and the court trials—all issuing from the same repressive character of modern culture. #RandolphHarris 11 of 17
The great energy of those who have utilized the contempt of their fellows as an incentive to further creativity must be balanced against the energy expended and wasted in the struggle against this very same contempt. There is a poetic irony in the future of the once marginalized in society, for one will use the high attainments of character to struggle against the very injustices that are so largely responsible for these attainments, and the successful termination of repressive attitudes may erase the very achievements that were used to effect this termination. Nevertheless, I am convinced that there is a permanent place in the scheme of things for the person reaching for self-actualization—a place that transcends the reaction to hostility and that will continue to contribute to social betterment after social acceptance. Power is required for communication. To stand up before an indifferent or hostile group and have one’s say, or to speak honestly to a friend truths which go deep and hurt—these require self-affirmation, self-assertion, and even at times aggression. This point is so self-evident that it is generally overlooked. Hence, many are mighty in contradiction. My experience in psychotherapy convinces me that the act which requires the most courage is the simple truthful communication, unpropelled by rage or anger, of one’s deepest thoughts to another. We generally communicate most openly only to those who are our equals in power. #RandolphHarris 12 of 17
Violence itself is a kind of communication. They cannot communicate with language, so they strike out in violence. However, it is still a language, however rudimentary or primitive, appropriate in certain conditions, and necessary in others. Some people are violence because they do not possess the self-esteem necessary for communication. They cannot stand and deliver themselves of their feelings in relation to others; indeed, unable to formulate them, they are unsure of what their feelings really are. The sooner people in power turn their minds away from exploiting taxpayers and the less affluent for financial gain and become concerned with the rights of people as human beings, the sooner the violence will be mitigated. There is something more important that powerful nations need to send to our leaders and children. This is the poets. For the poets (and writers in general) are the ones skilled in communication. They can speak in universal forms which will be understood by people of whatever color or nationality. They speak the language of consciousness, of dignity, regardless of race or color; they can cultivate the integrity of the marginalized and the other characteristics that are essential to being human. For they know that communication makes community, and community is the possibility of human beings living together for their mutual psychological, physical, and spiritual nourishment. #RandolphHarris 13 of 17
The kind of communication that overcomes the impulse to violence and that binds persons to each other is a kind of talking that is conciliatory and restorative. In psychotherapy we find that the difficulties experiences by a man and a wife in a relationship can be gauged roughly how much trouble they have in communicating with each other. When there is difficulty understanding what the other is talking (or not talking) about, we can assume an estrangement. Then the person is simply not (or perhaps does not want to be) tuned in on the wave length of the others. Intellectualizing or talking abstractly is a symptom of the same thing—a desire not to communicate one’s real feelings, a blocking-off of one’s total self. As hostility grows, projection increases also; there is apt to be a good deal of allegations and an increase in distance, all of which is indicative of growing hostility. We know that we shall get to the stage of violence ere long. Psychotherapy is reversing that process so that the person can talk on the same wave length. Even if the couple decides to divorce, at least they decide it together, and the process has that much more community in it. Communication recovers the original “we” of the human being on a new level. Authentic communication depends on authentic language. #RandolphHarris 14 of 17
Authentic talk is organic—the speaker communicates not merely with words but with one’s body also; one’s gestures, one’s movements, one’s expression, one’s tone of voice communicate the same thing as one’s words. One speaks not as a disembodied voice but as one organic totality to another. We would not communicate unless we valued the other, considered one worth talking to, worth the effort to make our ideas clear. This is communicating without talking down, without patronizing. Communication implies the presence of social interest. One has to have an interest in the other to make it worthwhile to hear one. This means one relates to another not as receptacle for the expression one one’s pleasures of the flesh, or as a being to be exploited for the assuaging of one’s own loneliness, or in any other way as an object, but as a human being in the full meaning of that term. Communication leads to community—that is, to understanding, intimacy, and the mutual valuing that was preciously lacking. Community can be defined simply as a group in which free conversation can take place. Community is where I can share my innermost thoughts, bring out the depths of my own feelings, and know they will be understood. These days there is a greater search for community, partly because our human experience of community has largely evaporated and we are lonely. #RandolphHarris 15 of 17
The term community gives birth to a rich cluster of words, all of which have powerful connotations. There is commune, a relatively new word with an optimistic ring; and communion, an old word with new meaning that has for many of us a still more beneficial tone. However, when we come then to a cognate which is taken negatively by many people—namely communism. All these words have the same root. Community is destroyed by destructive violence. If I, like Cain, commit a senseless act of ending a life, I must flee into the desert, driven by my guilt at having take the life of my brother Abel; a cleavage now exists between me and other members of my erstwhile community. In this sense I shrink my World and thus kill part of myself. I need my enemy in my community. He or she or they keep me alert, vital. I need one’s criticism. Strange to say, I need him or her or them to posit myself against. If I could learn something from one, I would walk twenty miles to see my worst enemy. However, beyond what we specifically learn from our enemies, we need them emotionally: our psychic economy cannot get along well without them. Persons often remark that curiously to them, they feel a singular emptiness when their enemy dies or is incapacitated. All of which indicates that our enemy is as necessary for us as is our friends. Both together are part of authentic community. #RandolphHarris 16 of 17
Community is where I can accept my own loneliness, distinguishing between that part of it which can be overcome and that part of it which is inescapable. Community is the group in which I can depend upon my fellows to support me; it is partially the source of my physical courage in that, knowing I can depend on others, I guarantee that they also can depend on me. It is where my moral courage, consisting of standing against members of my own community, is supported even by those I stand against. “And it came to pass that I prayed unto the Lord that he would give unto community grace, that they might have charity,” reports Ether 12.36. O Solitude! if I must with thee dwell, let it not be among the jumbled heap of murky buildings; climb with me the steep,–Nature observatory—whence the dell, its flowery slopes, its river’s crystal swell, may seem a span; let me thy vigils keep ‘mongst boughs pavillion’d, where the deer’s swift leap startles the wild bee from the fox-glove bell. But though I’ll gladly trace these scenes with thee, yet the sweet converse of an innocent mind, whose words are images of thoughts refin’d, is my soul’s pleasure; and it sure must be almost the highest bliss of human-kind, when to thy haunts two kindred spirits flee. #RandolphHarris 17 of 17
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Evil Flows from Poisoned Wells; Good Flows from Pure and Crystal Fountains, Dazzling a Silvery Shower of Love and Beauty!
We seek to perfect what we are, not to constantly alter it. We seek to find something that is a true expression of our soul with which is to shape what makes up our form. However, there is no need for you to trouble yourself over these things. If your reasoning is correct, it should throw some light upon the peculiar quality of property delinquency in the delinquent subculture. We have already seen how the rewardingness of a college-boy and middle-class way of life depends, to a great extent, upon general respect for property right. In an urban society, in particular, the possession and display of property are the most ready and public badges of reputable social class status and are, for that reason, extraordinarily ego-involved. That property actually is a reward for middle-class morality and the possession of property. The middle-classes have, then, a strong interest in scrupulous regard for property rights, not only because property is intrinsically valuable but because the full enjoyment of their status requires that status be readily recognizable and therefore that property adhere to those who earn it. The cavalier misappropriation or destruction of property, therefore, is not only a diversion or diminution of wealth; it is an attack on the middle-class where their egos are most vulnerable. #RandolphHarris 1 of 15
Group stealing, institutionalized in the delinquent subculture, is not just a way of getting something. It is a means that is the antithesis of sober and diligent labor in a calling. It expresses contempt for a way of life by making its opposite a criterion of status. Money and other valuables are not, as such, despised by the delinquent. For the delinquent, and the non-delinquent alike, money is a most glamorous and efficient means to a variety of ends and one cannot have too much of it. But, in the delinquent subculture, the stolen dollar has an odor of sanctity that does not attach to the dollar saved or the dollar earned. This delinquent system of values and way of life does its job of problem-solving most effectively when it is adopted as a group solution. We have stressed that the efficacy of a given change in values as a solution and therefore the motivation to such a change depends heavily upon the availability of reference groups within which the deviant values are already institutionalized, or whose members would stand to profit from such a system of deviant values if each were assured of the support and concurrences of the others. So it is with delinquency. We do not suggest that joining in the creation or perpetuation of a delinquent subculture is the only road to delinquency. #RandolphHarris 2 of 15
We do believe, however, that for most delinquents delinquency would not be available as a response were it not socially legitimized and given a kind of respectability, albeit by a restricted community of fellow-adventurers. In this respect, the adoption of delinquency is like the adoption of the practice of appearing at the office in open-collar and shirt sleeves. It is much more comfortable, is it more sensible than full regalia? Is it neat? Is it dignified? The arguments in the affirmative will appear much more forceful if the practice is already established in one’s milieu or if one sense that others are prepared to go along if someone makes the first tentative gestures. Indeed, to many of those who sweat and chafe in ties and jackets, the possibility of an alternative may not even occur until they discover that it has been adopted by their colleagues. This way of looking at delinquency suggests an answer to a certain paradox. Countless mothers have protested that their “Simon” was a good boy until he fell in love it a certain bunch. However, the mothers of each of Simon’s companions hold the same view with respect to their own offspring. It is conceivable and even probable that some of these mothers are naïve, that one or more of these youngsters are “rotten apples” who infected the others. #RandolphHarris 3 of 15
We suggest, however, that all of the mothers may be right, that there is a chemistry in the group situation itself which engenders that which was not there before, that group interaction is a sort of catalyst which releases potentialities not otherwise visible. This is especially true when we are dealing with a problem of status-frustration. Status, by definition, is a grant of respect from others. A new system of norms, which measure status by criteria which one can meet, is of no value unless others are prepared to apply those criteria, and others are not likely to do so unless one is prepared to reciprocate. We have referred to a lingering ambivalence in the delinquent’s own value system, an ambivalence which threatens the adjustment one has achieved and which is met through the mechanism of reaction-formation. The delinquent may have to contend with another ambivalence, in the area of one’s status sources. The delinquent subculture offers him status as against other children of whatever social level, but is offers hum this status in the eyes of one’s fellow delinquents only. To the extent that there remains a desire for recognition from groups whose respect has been forfeited by commitment to a new subculture, one’s satisfaction in one’s solution is imperfect and adulterated. One can perfect one’s solution only by rejecting as status sources those who reject one. #RandolphHarris 4 of 15
This too may require a certain measure of reaction-formation, going beyond indifference to active hostility and contempt for all those who do not share one’s subculture. One becomes all the more dependent upon one’s delinquent gang. Outside that gang one’s status position is now weaker than ever. The gang itself tends toward a kind of sectarian solidarity, because the benefits of membership can only be realized in active face-to-face relationships with group members. This interpretation of the delinquent subculture had important implications for the sociology of social problems. People are prone to assume that those things which we define as evil and those which we define as good have their origins in separate and distinct features of our society. Evil flows from poisoned wells; good flows from pure and crystal fountains. The same source cannot feed both. Our view is different. It holds that those values which are at the core of the American way of life, which help to motivate the behavior which we most esteem as typically American, are among the major determinants of that which we stigmatize as pathological. More specifically, it holds that the problems of adjustments to which the delinquent subculture is a response are determined, in part, by those very values which respectable society holds most sacred. #RandolphHarris 5 of 15
The same value system, impinging upon children differently equipped to meet it, is instrumental in generating both delinquency and respectability. The rebel insists that one’s identity be respected; one fights to preserve one’s intellectual and spiritual integrity against the suppressive demands of one’s society. One must range oneself against the group which represents to one conformism, adjustment, and the death of one’s own originality and voice. Continuously through human history and through the life-span of each one of us, there goes on this dialectical process between individual and society, person and group, being and community. When either pole of the dialectic is neglected, impoverishment of the personality sets in. Every being has from time to time impulses to shock one’s society, fantasies of outraging one’s neighbors. Paradoxically enough, one’s own continued mental vitality depends on this. Also, paradoxically, the community itself, even though it condemns the outrage, gets its health, vitality and new growth from the outrage. This shows once again that human beings do not grow in one-dimensional fashion toward something better and better, but rather by a dynamic process, a thesis and antithesis; they grow down at the same time as they grow up, deeper while they grow higher. #RandolphHarris 6 of 15
The Garden of Eden myth portrays the rebellion as being against God. And, indeed, it is against authority, against the status quo, against whatever clings to the values of the past rather than looks to the future. What is omitted from the rhetoric in this rebellion is that the outcome is not either/or, but a dialectical interplay: we need authority as we rebel against it. We rebel against the culture with the very language and knowledge that we learned from the culture; we revolve against or parents while loving them at the same time. The rebel also needs one’s society. One’s language, one’s concepts, one’s way of relating to others all come from that culture which one now opposes. One rises from the society, criticizes it, and aligns oneself with those who are trying to reform it; and all the while one is a member of the very culture one opposes. If one thinks of civilization as ungrateful in killings its prophets, one also sees the absurdity of the whole question of gratitude or ingratitude in the behavior of the rebel. This is why I call the relationship dialectic. It is a dynamic interrelationship in which each pole exists by virtue of the other pole—as one changes, the other does likewise. Beings therefore have a right to fear that society may unhuman them. Yet no being has made the best of one’s gifts without the setting [up] of a helpful society, such as the Greek or the Italian city states. #RandolphHarris 7 of 15
Always the animal drive for self, the jungle of nature, waits to disrupt one’s city. And yet that force, anti-social as it is, is not all alien or all bad. The mind that drives it is full of human wishes. The Greeks remembered that every mind, good as well as bad, takes strength from our animal body. It is the nature of society to suppress that individual person. Pointing this out, it is a surprise that people do often talk as through the group ought to behave differently. Society can be spoken of as being bureaucratic, juggernaut, supertechnocratic, all implying that while society has its faults, we are what we are. On one hand, this arises from a utopianism—the expectation that when we develop a society which trains us rightly, we will all be in fine shape. On the other hand, it is like a child wheeling one’s parents because they are not taller or in some other way different from what they are. All of which society cannot be expected to be. For society, on one side, is us. The rebel is a split personality that one realizes one’s society nursed one, met one’s needs, and gave one security to develop one’s potentialities; yet one smarts under its constraints and finds it stifling. The rebel is continually struggling to make the society into a community. People feel they rebel, therefore they exist. #RandolphHarris 8 of 15
In our particular day, the rebel fights the mechanizing bureaucratic trends not because these in themselves are evil, but because they are the paramount modern channels for the dehumanizing of beings, the stultifying loss of integrity, and the indignity of beings. One fights affluence for a similar reason, for one thinks that an abundance of wealthy may erode power, and riches are particularly dangerous for the well-being of republics because corruption has a tendency to set in and take precedence over justice, family values and human rights. The rebel also may be found in the colorful, albeit sometimes tattered, clothes of the dropout. The young person rightly sensing the threat to one’s values and to one’s life in the Syrian war, pollution, and the dehumanization which seems to accompany our vast technological progress, drops out of society for a period. One’s action is protest against the rigidity of society, but it is also a time in which one can find oneself. It is similar to the withdrawal of Jesus to the wilderness to find inner integrity before beginning their ministries. It is also similar to that period of wandering taken by the students of the Middle Ages as an integral part of their education. #RandolphHarris 9 of 15
True, the dropout can never completely deny one’s culture, never entirely sever one’s umbilical cord. One takes it with one to the mountain or the dessert in one’s language, one’s way of thinking, and even as an object against which to protest. However, in one’s withdrawal one can get new perspective, a new awareness of oneself which may stand one in very good stead later on. I have had the impression in talking with hipsters that for some of them the year or so they dropped out protected them from psychosis. It gave them some breathing time in the burdensome sequence of nursery, elementary school, high school, college, graduate school—during which many of them find themselves in a genuine danger of suffocation. Often the dropping out serves a purpose similar to psychoanalysis. No one would argue that the dropout has not selected a more satisfactory way of working things out, not to say less expensive for all concerned, than a stint in a mental hospital. It is entirely possible that one comes back from one’s seemingly lighthearted wanderings with a new seriousness in one’s relationship to oneself and one’s society. Human beings can be conditioned into any form of Nazilike obedience or antlike organization of colonies. #RandolphHarris 10 of 15
However, we must not forget at the same moment that there are individuals who from time to time pull themselves and oppose the group even to the extent of going to prison. Edward Snowden, the Berrigan brothers, and Bonhoeffer come to mind. Daniel Ellsberg’s decision to make the Pentagon Papers available to the people was the one tangible step he felt he could take to shorten the Vietnam war. Some people become rebels because they have empathy for the suffering of people, especially helpless children. Rebellion can be a flamboyant, long struggle for psychological integrity. However, whatever the motives, it is clear that rebels step out because in many cases they are performing acts against law and order. With social media, people are less dependent on the news because they can get their points out using mass communication and modern technology in the service of the rebellion. There is no escape from living through this dialectical conflict of individual and society. The only choice is whether one will live it through constructively and with zest and dignity or waste one’s energy and substance protesting against a Universe which is not organized according to one’s living. No matter how much society is changed—and much of it cries to high Heaven for change—there still will exist the fundamental dialectical situation of individuation against the conformist, leveling tendencies of the society. #RandolphHarris 11 of 15
Some societies have recognized and made allowance for the destructive, protesting, anarch needs of the citizens. Then you get situations like what is going on in China. Tens of thousands of protesters in Hong Kong are peacefully marching on the 22nd anniversary of the former colony’s handover from Britain to China, but also a group of protestors took their frustrations out, as hundreds of young protestors broke into the heart of the government of Hong Kong’s legislative council. We need our ways of mocking authority. We have our Halloween and April Fools’ Day. However, we need ways of channeling our secret dreams of outraging our neighbors and scandalizing the town fathers—in short, of symbolically expressing our dreams of revenge on a society that thwarts and confines us. An interesting example of this is the scapegoat king, who accepts the scepter knowing that he will be killed during some riotous saturnalia in which all authority is mocked. And consider the mocking of ultimate religious authority in the crucifixion of God’s son, Jesus. The expression of our disdain and mocking—indeed, of all these so-called negative and destructive emotions—enables us then to see and experience more clearly the beneficial side of religious conviction. We can change the forms of these beneficial and negative sides of human nature, but we cannot change the fact of them without amputating part of human experience and impoverishing ourselves. #RandolphHarris 12 of 15
Are not the excesses in American life—one of which is violence—symptoms in part of a lack of sound opportunities to let out the secret dreams of revenge on the society that thwarts and contains the individual. You cannot in fact bottle up these deep feelings of protest in a World as mechanical as ours and think that you will syphon them off casually in lacy thrillers and in little evasins of the forces of order. Anti-social feelings in a hierarchy society like ours are first a power, then a commodity on which some unscrupulous leader can raise to fame, and become the spokes persons for the dream of violence of all the underrepresented. The recognition of the value of the rebel would go a long way in channeling such daimonic forces in constructive directions. For the rebel does what the rest of us would like to do but do not dare. Not that Christ willingly takes on Himself the sins and the scorns of beings; He acts, lives, and dies, vicariously for the rest of us. This is what makes Him a rebel. The rebel and the savior then turn out to be the same figure. Through his rebellion the rebel saves us. We see here another demonstration of my previous thesis—that civilization needs the rebel. The possibilities of the human being are unlimited, and that statement can be de-energizing. If you take it at face value, there is no real problem anymore. #RandolphHarris 13 of 15
Every problem will sooner or later be overcome by these unlimited possibilities; there remain only temporary difficulties that will go away on their own accord when the time comes. Saying that possibilities are unlimited to a person who has not figured out how to overcome a situation, however, is like putting someone into a canoe and pushing one out into the Atlantic toward England with the cheery comment, “The sky is the limit.” The canoer is only too aware of the fact that an inescapably real limit is also the bottom of the ocean. There is the inescapable physical limitation of death. We can postpone our death slightly, but nevertheless each of us will die and at some future time unknow to and unpredictable by us. Sickness is another limit. When we overwork, we get ill in one form or another. There are obvious neurological limits. If the blood stops flowing to the brain for as little as a couple of minutes, a stroke or some other kind of serious damage occurs. Despite the fact that we can improve our intelligence to some degree, it remains radically limited by our physical and emotional environment. There are also metaphysical limitations which are even more interesting. We can blind ourselves to reality and come to grief. True, we can surpass to some extent the limitations of our family backgrounds or our historical situations, but such transcendence can occurs only to those who accept the fact of their limitation to begin with. #RandolphHarris 14 of 15
For seekers of truth, real fruit is only borne when one seeks within, for the indwelling God, who author of our soul. The question of how far one will be prepared to travel in this quest has no geographical reference. It is a metaphorical one and refers only to the time one can give each day to the exercises, studies, and devotions, as well as to the moral ideals one can bring oneself to pursue. One is not asked for more than one feels one can humanly give under one’s present circumstances and responsibilities. We do not need to cross the sea to find God—the Word is nigh thee, is in thy heart. To come to know our true divine power, we must continually become something greater and therefore that which we were must come to an end. Immortality through it sounds good on the surface in an exoteric sense is truly the source of attachment and fear of change. Embracing God is overcoming perfection. Through the depths of your soul you must also come to realize that all systems of enslavement which emanate from this concept of external divinity are equally useless when compared to your potential. Simply reading and understanding it intellectually is not enough. It must be experiences through the work itself so that you have become stronger in faith, so strong that you can rise above stress and anxiety. “They were in captivity, and again the Lord did deliver them out of bondage by the power of his word; and we were brought into this land, and here we began to establish the church of God throughout this land also,” reports Alma 5.5. #RandolphHarris 15 of 15
There is an Invisible Mechanism within the Universe and an Intelligent Mind (God) Directing this Mechanism!
Maybe it is time I discovered what is going on here for myself. Now listen to me. I want you to go belowstairs and stay there. If someone benighted emissary of the thing should crash-land on our wintry little paradise, you will be sage from it down there. Stay there till I return. This is the same precaution being taken by others the World over. Belowground you are safe. And if this thing talks to you, this Voice, well, try to learn more about it. In the settlement houses and other adult-sponsored and managed recreational agencies similar conflicts may often be seen between the middle-class values of the adults in charge and the working-class values of the children for whose benefit the institution ostensibly exist. Such organizations smile upon neat, orderly, polite, personable, mannerly children who want to make something of themselves. The sponsor, directors and group work leaders find it a pleasure to work with such children, whose values are so like their own, and make them feel welcome and respected. They do indeed feel a special responsibility toward the boy whose family and neighborhood culture have not equipped him with those values, the rough boy, the dirty boy, the bum who just hangs around with the gang on the corner, in the pool hall or in the candy store. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20
However, the responsibility they feel toward him is to encourage him to engage in more worthwhile activities, to join and to be a responsible member of some wholesome adult-supervised club or other group, to expurgate one’s language and, in general, to participate in the constructive program of the institution. Indeed, like the school, it functions to select potentially upwardly mobile working-class children and to help and encourage them in the upward climb. It is common experience of such organizations that they are very successful and do a lot of good but do not seem to get children who need them most. The reason is that here, as in the school, it is almost impossible to reward one or quite openly, punishing its absence or its opposite. The corner boy quickly senses that he is under the critical or at best condescending surveillance of people who are foreigners to his community and who appraise him in terms of values which he does no share. He is aware that he is being invidiously compared to others; he is uncomfortable; he finds it hard to accommodate himself to the rules of the organization. To win the favor of the people in charge he must change his habits, his values, his ambitions, his speech and his associates. Even were these things possible, the game might not be worth the candle. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20
So, having sampled what they have to offer, he returns to the street or to his clubhouse in a cellar where facilities are meager but human relations more satisfying. Not only in terms of standards of middle-class adults but in terms of their children’s standards as well, the working-class culture is likely to be a failure. Despite the existence among middle-class children of a youth culture which may differ in significant ways from the culture of their parents, the standards these children apply are likely to relegate to an inferior status their working-class peers. Gradually the group became more critical of prospective members. A process somewhat evident from the beginning became more obvious. In general only boys who measured up to the group’s unwritten, unspoken and largely unconscious standards were ever considered. These standards, characteristics of their middle-class homes, required the suppression of the impulsive disorderly behavior and put a high value on controlled cooperative attitudes. Hence even these normally healthy and boisterous boys were capable of rejecting schoolmates they considered too wild and boisterous. Coincident with this was an emphasis on intellectual capacity and achievement. They preferred smart as contrasted with dumb prospects. The boys seemed to use their club unconsciously to express and reinforce the standards learned in their homes and the community. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20
Not only teachers but schoolmates, in evaluating the character of other children, tend to give the highest ratings to the children of the higher social levels, although the correlation between social class and character reputation is far from perfect. Beneficial correlations between various indices of social class status of the home and social status in the schools as measured by pupils’ choices have been found. We have seen how social class and the behavior and personality associated with social class membership operate to determine prestige and clique and date patterns among high school boys and girls. This process operates in all classes, but it is especially noticeable in contacts with class V [lower-lower]. This class is so repugnant socially that adolescents in the higher classes avoid clique and dating ties with its members. Furthermore, working-class children are less likely to participate, and if they participate are less likely to achieve prominence, in extra-curricular activities, which are an important arena for the competition for status in the eyes of the students themselves. In the area of organized athletics the working-class boy is perhaps least unfitted for successful competition. Even here, however, he is likely to be at a disadvantage. Adherence to a training regimen and a schedule does not come to him as easily as to the middle-class boy and, unless he chooses to loosen his ties to his working-class friends, he is likely to find some conflict between the claims of the gang and those of his athletic career. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20
Finally, although we must not minimize the importance of athletic achievement as a status-ladder, it is, after all, granted to relatively few, of whatever social class background, to achieve conspicuously in this area. In summary, it may confidently be said that the working-class boy, particularly if his training and values be those we have here defined as working-class, is more likely than his middle-class peers to find himself at the bottom of the status hierarchy whenever he moves in a middle-class to which he values middle-class status, either because he values the good opinion of middle-class persons or because he had to some degree internalized middle-class standards himself, he faces a problem of adjustment and is in the market for a solution. The delinquent subculture, we suggest, is a way of dealing with the problems of adjustment we have described. These problems are chiefly status problems: certain children are denied status in the respectable society because they cannot meet the criteria of respectable status system. The delinquent subculture deals with these problems by providing criteria of status which these children can meet. We remarked earlier that our ego-involvement in a given comparison with others depends upon status universe. Whom do we measure ourselves against? #RandolphHarris 5 of 20
In some other societies virtue may consist in willing acceptance of the role of peasant, low-born commoner or member of an inferior caste and in conformity to the expectations of that role. If others are richer, more nobly-born or more able than oneself, it is by he will of an inscrutable Providence and not to be imputed to one’s own moral defect. The sting of status inferiority is thereby removed or mitigated; one measures oneself only against those of like social position. We have suggested, however, that an important feature of American democracy, perhaps of Western European tradition in general, is the tendency to measure oneself against all comers. This means that, for children as for adults, one’s sense of persona worth is at stake in status comparisons with all other persons, at least of one’s own age and gender, whatever their family background or material circumstances. It means that, in the lower levels of our status hierarchies, whether adult or juvenile, there is a chronic fund of motivation, conscious or repressed, to elevate one’s status position, either by striving to climb within the established status system or by redefining the criteria of status so that one’s present attributes become status-giving assets. To manage private loves and hates is to participate in an intricate private emotional system. When elements of that system are taken into the marketplace and sold as human labor, they become stretched into standardized social forms. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20
In these forms, a person’s contribution of feeling is thinner, less freighted with consequence but at the same time it is less seen as coming less from the self and being less directed to the other. For that reason it is more susceptible to estrangement. I followed emotion work into the job market via two routes. First I entered the World of the flight attendant. As a point of entry, I chose American Airlines for several reasons: it puts a higher premium on service than other airlines do; its in-flight training program is perhaps the best in the World; its service has been ranked very high; and it has some of the best uniforms for flight attendants and pilots. For all these reasons, American’s company demands are higher and its work demands are met with success. Thus American fulfills the demands they put on flight attendants. It also gives sharper point to the general case about emotion work in public life. When emotional labor is put into the public marketplace, it behaves like a commodity: the demand for it waxes and wanes depending upon the competition with the industry. I gathered information at American in various ways. First, I watched. The head of American Airlines Training and Conference Center in Fort Worth, Texas, a gentle young man called Jim Thomas, allowed me to attend classes there. I watched recruits learning passenger landing and meal service in the mock cabin. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20
I got to know the trainers, who patiently explained their work to me. They were generous with their time on duty and off; one trainer invited me home to dinner, and several repeatedly invited me to lunch. Over countless other breakfasts, lunches, and dinners, and in the airport bus, I talked with students doing Initial Training and with experienced flight attendants attending the mandatory Recurrent Training sessions. I interviewed twenty American officials, from the executive vice-president, training, sales, and billing. I held a group interview with seven supervisors. I interviewed four advertising agents employed by the firm commissioned to promote American Airlines and its flight attendants, and I looked through microfilms of thirty years of American Airlines advertising. Finally, I also interviewed the two public relations officials who were in charge of handling me. It is an elite occupation, it is difficult to find one of these prestigious careers. Flight attendants do emotion work to enhance the status of the customer and entice further sales by their friendliness, there is another side of the corporate show, represented by the bill collectors who are taught to deflate the anger and frustration of customers, so they are more likely to pay their bills on time. Therefore, some emotional labor principles apply to very different jobs and very different feelings. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20
A nineteenth-century child working in a challenging Lincrusta-Walton wallpaper factory and a well-paid twenty-first century American flight attendant have something in common: in order to survive in their jobs, they must mentally prepare themselves—the factory worker from his own body and physical labor, and the flight attendant from his or her own feelings and emotional labor. I am interested in telling the flight attendant’s story in order to promote a fuller appreciation of the costs of what one does. And I want to base this appreciation on a prior demonstration of what can happen to any of us when we become estranged from our feelings and the management of them. We feel. But what is a feeling? I would define feeling, like emotion, as a sense, like the sense of hearing or sight. In a general way, we experience it when bodily sensation are joined with what we see or imagine. Like the sense of hearing, emotion communicates information. Anxiety is a signal function. From feeling we discover our own viewpoint on the World. We often say that we try to feel. However, how can we do this? Feelings are not stored inside us, and they are not independent of acts of management. Both the act of getting in touch with feeling and the act of trying to feel may become part of the process that makes the thing we get in touch with, or the thing we manage, into a feeling or emotion. In managing feeling, we contribute to the creation of it. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20
If this is so, what we think of as intrinsic to feeling or emotion may have always been shaped to social form and put to civic use. Consider what happens when young men roused to anger go willingly to war, or when followers rally enthusiastically around their king, or mullah, or football team. Private social life may always have called for the management of feelings. They party guest summons up a gaiety owed to the host, the mourner summons up a proper sadness for the funeral. Each offers up a feeling as a momentary contribution to the collective good. What gives social patterns to our acts of emotion management? I believe that when we try to feel, we apply latent feeling rules. We say, “I should not feel so angry at what she did,” or “given our agreement, I have no right to feel jealous.” Act of emotion management are not simply private acts; they are used in exchanges under the guidance of feeling rules. Feeling rules are standards used in emotional conversation to determine what is rightly owed and owing in the currency of feeling. Through them, we tell what is due in each relation, each role. We may tribute to each other in the currency of the managing act. In interaction we pay, overpay, underpay, play with, acknowledge our dues, pretend to pay, or acknowledge what is emotionally due another person. In these ways, we make our try at sincere civility. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20
Because the distribution of power an authority is unequal in some of the relations of private life, the managing acts can also be unequal. The myriad momentary acts of management compose part of what we summarize in the terms relation and role. Like the tiny dots of Seurat painting, the microcates of emotion management compose, through repetition and change over time, a movement of form. Some forms express inequality, others equality. Now what happens when feeling rules, like rules of behavioral display, are established though private negotiation but by company manuals? What happens when social exchanges are not, as they are in private life, subject to change or termination but ritually sealed and almost inescapable? What happens when the emotional display that one person owes another reflects a certain inherent inequality? The airline passenger may choose not to smile, but the flight attendant is obliged not only to smile but to try to work up some warmth behind it. What happens, in other words, when there is a transmutation of the private ways we use feeling? One sometimes needs a grand word to point out a coherent pattern between occurrences that would otherwise seem totally unconnected. My word is “transmutation.” When I speak of the transmutation of an emotional system, I mean to point out a link between a private act, such as attempting to enjoy a party, and a public act, such as summoning up good feeling for a customer. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20
What is it that we do privately, often unconsciously, to feelings that nowadays often fall under the sway of large organization, social engineering, and the profit motive. Trying to feel what one wants, expects, or thinks one ought to feel is probably no newer than emotion itself. Conforming to or deviating from feeling rules is also hardly new. In organized society, rules have probably never been applied only to observable behavior. “Crimes of the heart,” have long been recognized because proscriptions have long guarded the preactions of the heart; the Bible say not to covet your neighbor’s wife, not simply to avid acting on that feeling. What is new in our time is an increasingly prevalent instrumental stance toward out native capacity to play, wittingly and actively, upon a range of feelings for a private purpose and the way in which that stance is engineered and administered by large organizations. This transmutation of the private use of feeling affects the two genders and the various social classes in distinctly different ways. Emotion management has been better understood by professionals because they have to create the emotional tine of social encounters: expressing joy at the Christmas presents others open, creating the sense of surprise at birthdays, or displaying alarm at the car speeding down the road. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20
Now given the fact that others are likely to check up on the more controllable aspects of behavior by means of the less controllable aspects of behavior by means of the less controllable, one can expect that sometimes the individual will try to exploit this very possibility, guiding the impression one makes through behavior felt to be reliably informing. For example, in gaining admission to a tight social circle, the participant observer may not only wear an accepting look while listening to an informant, but may also be careful to wear the same look when observing the informant talking to others; observers of the observer will then not as easily discover where one actually stands. When a neighbor dropped in to have a cup of tea, he would ordinarily wear at least a hint f an expectant warm smile as he passed through the door into the Cresleigh home. Since lack of physical obstructions outside the home and beautiful trees around the home, it usually made it possible to observe the visitor unobserved as he approached the house, islanders sometimes took pleasure in watching the visitor drop whatever expression he was manifesting and replace it with a sociable one just before reaching the door. However, some visitors, in appreciating this examination was occurring, would blindly adopt a social face a long distance from the house, thus ensuring the projection of a constant image. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20
This kind of control upon the part of the individual reinstates the symmetry of the communication process, and sets the stage for a kind of information game—a potentially infinite cycle of concealment, discovery, false revelation, and rediscovery. It should be added that since the others are likely to be relatively unsuspicious of the presumably unguided aspect of the individual’s conduct, he can gain much by controlling it. The others of course may sense that the individual is manipulating the presumably spontaneous aspects of his behavior, and seek in this very act of manipulation some shading of conduct that the individual has not managed to control. This again provides a check upon the individual’s behavior, this time his presumably uncalculated behavior, thus re-establishing the asymmetry of the communication process. Here I would like to add the suggestion that the arts of piercing an individual’s effort at calculated unintentionality seems better developed than our capacity to manipulate our own behavior, so that regardless of how many steps have occurred in the information game, the witness is likely to have the advantage over the actor, and the initial asymmetry of the communication process is likely to be retained. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20
What is of great interest in this development is the intimate unity of patriarchal family ideology with that of kingship. The king represented the new fountainhead of spiritual power in which the subjects were nourished. In primitive society the entire group had created magical power by means of the jointly celebrated ritual. However, with the gradual development of specialized ritualists and priests, the power to create power often fell to a special class and was no longer the possession of the whole collectivity. Where this happened it helped to turn the average man into an impotent subject. In many agrarian societies the priests went on to develop astronomy, calendars, and rituals of power for the control of nature via magic, whereas previously each person had helped exercise such control via the communal rituals. Without the priests’ calendar, how would the farmer know the auspicious days for planting? With their astronomy the priests accrued the tremendous prestige of predicting eclipses; and then they exercised the fantastic power of brining back the Sun out of the clutches of darkness. Not only did they save the World from chaos in such ways, but in some places they possessed the secret ritual for the creation of the kind’s power. Often the kings and priests were solidly allied in a structure of domination that monopolized all sacred power; this completed the development for the tribal level where the shaman would sometimes ally with the chief. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20
All the less affluent subject could do in these societies was to grovel to the king and bring food to the priests in order to get a mite of magical protective power. The fathers imitated the kings so as to reenact the divine plan in their own homes; in this way they got a reflection of the king’s powers. If the gentlemen and ladies observed proper ritual behavior, the kingdom would flourish. So long as everyone in the kingdom copied the king, fathered sons, married off daughters, kept order in the family, and observed the household rituals, the balance of nature would not be upset in the divine household. All this took place in the divine cities, which themselves were eternal, connected to Heaven (Babylon equals Gate of the Gods), and protected and regenerated by the priestly rituals. Each city with its pyramidal temples and towers rose like a spire to penetrate the sky, the dimensions of invisible power, and to bathe itself in it. We can still feel this Gothic cathedral which penetrated Heaven and was bathed in the light of powers of Heaven. Rome is called the eternal city not because today tourists can always go back and find her as she was when they first visited her a few decades ago, but because she was regenerated in ancient times by centennial rituals, and was thought to have so much power sustaining her that she would never falter. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20
One of the strong impetuses to the triumph of Christianity was the increasing sackings of Rome by the barbarians, which showed everyone that something was wrong with the old powers and some new magical sources had to be tapped. The divine king in the sacred city bathing the holy empire—these were a power tool in which the fathers nourished themselves while they assured their own perpetuation in the person of their sons. We can see that this represents a new kind of unification experience, with a focal point of power, that in its own way tries to recapture the intense unity of primitive society, with its focus of power in the clan and the ancestral spirits. The emperors and kings who proclaimed themselves divine did not do so out of mere megalomania, but out of a real need for a unification of experience, a simplification of it, and a rooting of it in a secure source of power. The leader, like the people, senses a need for a strongly focused moral unity of the sprawling and now senseless diversity of the kingdom, and he tries to embody it in his own person: By proclaiming themselves gods of empire, Sargon and Rameses wished to realize in their own persons that mystic or religious unity which one constituted the strength of the clan, which still maintained the unity of the kingdom, and which could alone form the tie between all the peoples of an empire. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20
Alexander the Great, the Ptolemies, and the Caesars, will, in their turn, impose upon their subjects the worship of the sovereign, not so much out of vanity as to consolidate moral unity…And so through its mystic principle the clan has survived in the empire. I must also warn that many will seem to have disdain for you because they are beings of false light. Their connection to divinity has been served due to a strategic plan of enslavement. Therefore, the masses will likely shun and reject you. However, you will cyclically being to attract others who align with your perfectly through time. This is not a path of severe loneliness, but rather a means to realize just how badly the human race has been shackled. We must awaken to this in order to see the truth of the lie and perceive the lie of truth. Do not take it personally. People are naturally God fearing and will as a result feel threatened by your power. “And it came to pass that they did break forth, all as one, in singing, and praising their God for the great thing which we had done for them, in preserving them from falling into the hands of their enemies. Blessed be the name of the Lord God Almighty, the Most High God. And their hearts were swollen with joy, unto the gushing out of many tears, because of the great goodness of God in delivering them out of the hands of their enemies; and they knew it was because of their repentance and their humility and that they had been delivered from an everlasting destruction,” reports 3 Nephi 4.30-33. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20
Indeed, the Cosmic Vision, which revealed the Presence of Infinite Intelligence throughout life, throughout the Universe and throughout history, which explained so many of the Higher Laws to me, came incongruously enough while I was sitting in a Cresleigh Hub Apartments in Folsom, California. With this humbling insight, the need to go abroad disappeared. And I then saw that it was really an ancient complex—a kind of auto-suggestion—inherited from my own far, reincarnatory past. Indeed, I found out that if I had remained loyal to the inward direction I had originally travelled, I need never have gone overseas at all, nor to those other Asiatic countries where I sought for Truth. What I needed could be very well found within myself. However, I had accepted the suggestion our of my past as well as out of the lips and writings of other persons. And so I deviated from the inward way. The shortcut, which the journeys to Asia offered, turned out to be a long way, for I traveled beautiful roads, and, in the end, had to return, as well as all have, to my own road. Indeed, there was nowhere else to go, and my Quest ended there. As this change occurs within, the external corporeal reality also begins to reflect that change. This is how the shackles of limitation will be broken and humankind will be liberated. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20
This great work forces the physical plane to conform to and align with the plane of unlimited possibility by destroying the imposed limits of the false egregores of social, political and religion control. Then human beings, even those in high places, will come to be conscious of exactly how immortal they are not. If you are a God, why would you need to steal $1,000,000.00 USD from a child? As the World elevates to a higher level of thinking, then humankind can take back their sovereign right to rule over their own life. These are the true Olympians, not the mythic beings of human creation. Not until the light one has received becomes stabilized as a permanent thing can one be regarded as a master, and not until it is also full and complete can one be regarded as a sage. Sage is someone who is not only wide and dispassionate but who is also ready to proffer counsel out of one’s superior wisdom. One may dwell apart from humanity, if one chooses, but one’s Olympian aloofness will not be such that you cannot get a word of guidance out of one’s shy shut lips. Somehow we feel, and rightly, that the anchorite who has lost compassion or grown wholly self-centered may be pure and peaceful—but one cannot be a sage. One is a true messenger who seeks to keep one’s ego out of one’s work, who tries to bring God and beings together without oneself getting in between them. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20