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Perhaps they are Driven by the “Misery Loves Company” Effect?
Conflict is probably as old as life itself and some would say that it is just as right. Our understanding of human behaviour should enable us to make some distinctions between those kinds of natural phenomena that are necessary and those that we have outgrown as human beings. Conflict, in the sense of fighting and warfare within the species of man, is an outdated and certainly dysfunctional social process. Dysfunctional means “not serving the survival needs of the organism or the structure.” Even with trustworthy assessment data and reliable and valid classification categories, clinicians will sometimes arrive at a wrong conclusion. Like all human beings, they are flawed information processors. Studies show that they are influenced disproportionately by information gathered early in the assessment process. They sometimes pay too much attention to certain sources of information, such as a parent’s report about a child, and too little to others, such as the child’s point of view. They can also be unduly influenced by their expectations about the client. They may assume, for example, that any person who consults them professionally must have some disorder. And, finally, their judgments can be distorted by any number of personal biases—gender, age, race, and socioeconomic status, to name just a few. Given the limitations of both assessment tools and assessors, it is small wonder that studies sometimes uncover shocking errors in diagnosis, especially in hospitals. In one study a clinical team was asked to reevaluate the records of 131 patients at a mental hospital in New York, conduct interviews with many of these persons, and arrive at a diagnosis for each one. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20
The researchers then compared the team’s diagnoses with the original diagnoses for which the patients were hospitalized. Although 89 of the patients had originally received a diagnosis of schizophrenia, only 16 received it upon reevaluation. And whereas 15 patients originally had been given a diagnosis of mood disorder, 50 received it now. It is obviously important for clinicians to be aware that such a huge disagreement can occur, and could ruin someone’s life. However, unfortunately, that is the goal of some professionals. Beyond the potential for misdiagnosis, the very act of classifying people can lead to unintended results. Many sociocultural theorists believe that diagnostic labels can become self-fulfilling prophecies. When people are diagnosed as mentally disturbed, they may be viewed and reacted to correspondingly. If others expect them to take on a sick role, they may begin to consider themselves sick as well and act tht way. Furthermore, our society attaches a stigma to abnormality. People labeled mentally ill may find it difficult to get a job, especially a position of responsibility, or to be welcomed into social relationships. Once a label has been applied, it may stick for a long time. Because of these problems, some clinicians would like to do away with diagnoses. Others disagree. They believe we must simply work to increase what is known about psychological disorders and improve diagnostic techniques. They hold that classifications and diagnosis are critical to understanding and treating people in distress. While we come into the World ready to enter into a very deep and involved dependency relationship, one of the major tasks in the socialization process of each individual is has to be that of learning independence. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20
The World’s population is approaching eight billion. The number of people making demands on you and your resources is increasing at alarming proportions. Formerly, a man stood tall and alone, partly out of choice, partly out of necessity. Today, time to be alone is at a premium. Throughout history governments have applied the label of mental illness as a way of controlling or changing people whose views threaten the social order. This was a common practice in the former Soviet Union. There, political dissent was considered a symptom of abnormal mental functioning, and many dissidents were committed to mental hospitals. In a more subtle process, a country’s cultural values often influence the clinical assessments made by its practitioners. For example, the widespread clinical belief in the nineteenth-century United States of America that freedom would drive such “primitive” people as Native Americans insane. Medical experts of that time went so far as to claim that the forcible movement of tribal groups onto reservations was in their best interest because it would save them in free society. The medical officer who supervised the “removal” of the Cherokees from their homeland to Oklahoma was later pleased to report that during the whole time he oversaw the migration of 20,000 Cherokees (over 4,000 of whom died), he had not observed a single case of insanity. Slave owners, too, liked to believe that slaves were psychologically comfortable with their subservience and that those who tried to escape either were or would soon become insane. Secretary of State John Calhoun of South Carolina pointed to the 1840 census, conducted by his office, as evidence: it identified almost no insanity among slaves living in the North. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20
Secretary of State John Calhoun asserted: “The data on insanity revealed in this census is unimpeachable. From it our nation must conclude that the abolition of slavery would be to the African a curse instead of a blessing.” The work of clinicians at the time lent support to this belief. One specialist claimed that several kinds of mental disorders were unique to African Americans, including drapetomania (from the Latin drapeta, “fugitive”)—an obsessive desire for freedom that drove some slaves to try to flee. Any slave who tried to run away more than twice was considered insane. Drapetomania is long forgotten, but cultural views continue to influence psychological assessments and categories. Many clinicians have argued that categories such as “homosexual,” “sexual frigidity,” and “masochistic personality”—each an established clinical category during much of the twenty-first century—shows all too well the impact of cultural beliefs on clinical categorizations and diagnoses. Alcoholism has a powerful and unavoidable impact on marital communication and relationships. In a pioneering study of marital relations and alcoholism, clinicians placed married couples in a game situation in which they could win money individually through competitive moves or collectively through cooperative moves. Also included was the possibility in which partners could “secretly” compete with each other without making their competitive moves known. The men with alcoholism in this study made more secretly competitive moves than either their wives or any of the men without alcoholism did. This finding is thought to be characteristic of attempts by people with alcoholism to avoid taking responsibility for their behaviour in close relationships, where alcohol provides an external, uncontrollable attribution. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20
Examination of the material interactions of those with different subtypes of alcoholism has been profitable. For instance, men with episodic alcoholism engage in less problem solving, and their wives exhibit more negativity, than men with steady alcoholism and their wives do. It is interesting to note that these group differences were only evident on occasions during which the men were drinking. Also of interest is the fact that steady drinking was associated with more problem-solving communication on drinking nights, indicating that alcohol may actually activate conflict resolution skills in those with this drinking subtype. This, of course, could reinforce the alcohol consumption. An interesting possibility is that the drinking brings about more problem-solving behaviour because it motivates spouses to present complaints to their partners with alcoholism. In other words, the drinking could be a reminder of, or could prime the spouses for presenting, complaints about drinking-related problems. So long as the partners respond to these complaints, one would see elevated problem solving coincidental to drinking occasions. Another useful distinction in the alcoholism literature concerns typical drinking locations, characterized as in-home and out-of-home. Marital relations appear most strained in couples where husbands engage in out-of-home drinking. In such couples, the husbands’ alcohol consumption is negatively associated with wives’ marital satisfaction. It was also found that the alcohol consumption pattern during in-home drinking was reinforced and associated with more beneficial outcomes. One might speculate that those who drink outside the home may be seeking an escape from that they perceive to be bad marriages. On the other hand, spouses of those who drink at home may find the drinking behaviour to be more predictable, less stressful, and associated with less suspicion about the behaviour. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20
Negative marital interactions are especially prevalent when a husband with alcoholism is physically aggressive. When couples affected by husbands’ alcoholism were discussing a martial problem, those with aggressive husbands showed a higher base rate of negative communication behaviours (exempli gratia, blaming, criticizing, putdowns) and more negative reciprocity in their communication than did the coupes with nonaggressive husbands. This suggests that some of the negativity in marital interactions when a husband has alcoholism may be the result of aggressiveness, which covaries to some extent with alcoholism, as opposed to the alcoholism per se. Negativity in marital interactions is also pronounced when a wife has alcoholism. In a rare comparison of couples affected by female versus male alcoholism, the female-alcoholism couples were found to be more negative in their conversations than either the male-alcoholism or no-alcoholism couples when no drinking too place. When drinking occurred, differences from male-alcoholism couples disappeared. For concordant couples (in which both husbands and wives had alcoholism), negativity in communication behaviours escalated when the spouses were allowed to drink. This latter finding suggests that at least one spouse without alcoholism may be a prerequisite for adaptive outcomes associated with drinking. However, marital differences in female- versus male-alcoholism couples remain mixed; some studies show that wives with alcoholism express more beneficial communication with their husbands, and that husbands with alcoholism express more negative communication with their wives, relative to controls. Because wives with alcoholism are very likely to have been divorced or deserted by their husbands, such couples who find their way into research studies with their marriages still intact may represent particularly well-functioning marriages. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20
The spouses of those with alcoholism tend to suffer ill effects from the social and physical consequences of their partners’ drinking. Researcher found a strong relationship between psychiatric symptomatology in a spouse with alcoholism and the social and physical consequences of the other spouse’s drinking. Spouses of those with alcoholism have also been shown to be low in extraversion and high in neuroticism. These same spouses were significantly more inhibited and withdraw in interpersonal relationships than were spouses of those without alcoholism. An obvious inference is that the phenomenon of alcoholism and its associated features (exempli gratia, trouble with the law, moodiness, missed work, deterioration of physical health) cases psychosocial distress for the spouses of the affected individuals. However, the cross-sectional nature of the data on which this conclusion is based cannot rule out an alternative interpretation: Perhaps individuals with alcoholism increase their drinking, with the attendant consequences, in response to their spouses’ increased distress. Considering that this is a population prone to maladaptive use of alcohol for coping purposes, this hypothesis deserves at least some exploration and consideration. Research findings on the spouses of those with alcoholism warrant consideration of at least one additional hypothesis. In the depression literature, there is some evidence to favour an assortative mating effect. Some depressed people appear to seek relationships with others who have depressive tendencies. Similarly, people who engage in problem drinking, or are prone to alcoholism, may be attracted to other people who are introverted and at least mildly distressed themselves. Perhaps the potential assortative mating effect in alcoholism is driven by something as simple as the “misery loves company” effect. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20
Another phenomenon indicative of interpersonal friction is the failure of those with alcoholism and their spouses to come to mutual agreement about personal and family issues. In one investigation, subjects with alcoholism described themselves as more loving, affectionate, and understanding than subjects without alcoholism described themselves. However, the spouses of the subjects with alcoholism sharply disagreed with their partners’ self-perceptions, perceiving them as less loving and more aggressive. In the areas of affective involvement (exempli gratia, “We are too self-centered”) and behaviour control (exempli gratia, “Anything goes in our family”), persons with alcoholism and their spouses showed very low agreement, although they did exhibit higher agreement on descriptions of family problem solving and general functioning. These differing perceptions among intimates are a potent recipe for distress. The literature on alcoholism and marital and family relations clearly indicates that for at least some families, alcohol brings stability and temporary benefits. These outcomes contribute to a family maintenance of the alcoholism. At the same time, other research evidence indicates that increased negativity in family relations is also quite possible as a result of drinking, although it is not always reciprocated between spouses. Certain subtypes of alcoholism, such as the out-of-home drinking pattern, physically aggressive alcoholism in males, and concordant alcoholism in marriages, are particularly associated with negative communicative exchanges. Those with alcoholism appear to hold beliefs about themselves and their families that their spouses sharply disagree with. These spouses also appear to exhibit psychosocial problems and distress of their own. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20
An intriguing issue in need of further clarification is the extent to which distressed family relations contribute to problem drinking, as well as the extent to which problem drinking can cause deterioration in family relationships. Currently, there appear to be no data that directly disconfirm either of these causal routes. Have you ever considered that perhaps you are not getting your prayers answered because you are not grateful foe what God has already done for you? Think of it as a parent. If your child is grateful and one sincerely thanks you for what you have done, you want to do more for one. On the other hand, if your children are not grateful, and all one does is beg you for more, one is not apt to help that child very much. However, we are given this gift of free will and that may confuse many people, and also some have more luck than others. See, with free will, people are able to be independent and they believe that the things they have, they got with their independence. They do not understand that God blessed them with the ability to obtain those things. As we build faith, we learn to thank God and appreciate our blessings. Also, others, even in America, have freedoms that some do not. And there are people who have worked much harder than many people you know and have had a lot take away from them and have not achieved the level of success they actually deserve. So it is a humbling lesson for those individuals and they have to also build faith and learn to thank God. The Scripture teaches us that we should continually give God thanks; we should live with an attitude of gratitude. You may day, “I have been through so many disappointments. I lost my business last year. My marriage did not work out. I have lost so much. How do you expect me to be grateful?” However, if it had not been for God’s goodness, you could have lost it all. If it was not for God’s mercy, you might not even be here today. Stop looking at what you have lost and start thanking God for what you have. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20
Make a decision today that you are going to live a life of grace. Be thankful for what you have. You are going to find some reason to give God thanks. Do not focus on what is wrong, focus on what is right. Do not blame God, nor feel sorry for yourself. Learn the principle that in everything we are to give God thanks. Perhaps you have lost your joy. You have lost your enthusiasm. You have lost your victory. If you would start being more grateful, you will get it back. When you are tempted to become discouraged, recognize that the root cause can often be traced to having an ungrateful attitude. If you can give thanks, no matter what comes against you, you can overcome any situation. Granted, you may have suffered some losses, but thank God that you are still here. You are alive. Make a decision that you are going to be a grateful person. Find some reason to give God thanks. If you will do that, there is no limit to what God will do in your life. O Lord, I begin this prayer by acknowledging that everything is Yours—Heaven Earth and everything in between. That is a sentiment from First Chronicles (29.11). I sincerely desire to offer myself as a spontaneous oblation to You, and for You to offer Yourself to me as a Fast Friend forever! Mine is a simple heart, O Lord, but I offer it to You today in perpetual servitude of friendship, worship, and sacrifice of perpetual praise. Take me together with Your holy oblation of Your precious Body, which I offer to You today in the feathery presence of Your Angels, invisibly assisting. This I do not only for the salvation of myself, but for all Your people. Here is another prayer, one suitable, I hope, for offering my sins at the alter. O Lord, I offer to You all my sins and near sins, which I have committed in Your presence and the presence of Your feathery choir—that is to say, the ones I first committed right down to the ones I have just committed—on this placeable altar of Yours. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20
May this offering burn with even flame, and Your charity turn it to ash. May You scrub out every sinful stain from my conscience; that is what the Letter to the Hebrews would urge (9.14). May You restore all that grace of Yours that I lost by sinning. May You make a clean sweep of Chatsworth—that is to say, my inner digs—and may You welcome me with the merciful kiss of peace. Here is an act of contrition of sorts. With regard to my sins, what else can I do but confess them humbly and pray unceasingly for Your forgiveness? I pray You, my Deft if sometimes Deaf Lord. Turn the Divine Ear Trumpet in my direction, and let me pour my Worldly whispers therein. All my sins displease me—I do not want to perpetrate, let alone perpetuate, them every again. However, I grieve over them and will continue to we start missing Communion without actually missing it. Finally, we relinquish the practice of Communion altogether. Apparently there is no real antidote for the Devil’s crafty fantasies, just as there are no counters to a really bad case of the Torpors or the Horrides. However, one thing is certain. A phantasma springs from the Devil; it must be sent packing back to its source before it turns into a stigma. That Miserable and Derisible Creature must be denounced. Despite the hackles he raises and the emotions he arouses, Holy Communion must never be omitted. Another important thing, scrupulosity and anxiety about making Confession can get in the way of cultivating devotion. What to do in a situation like this? Follow the wisdom of the ages and take the wind of it. Scrupulosity hinders the grace of God and destroys the devotion of the mind. Even when beset with serious peccadillos, do not pass up Holy Communion. Go to confession, and do it more often than has been your custom. Do not take offense so easily at the actions of others. And in the very likely event that you are offending just about everybody in sight, pray forgiveness humbly, and God will forgive you freely. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20
What do you get out of putting Confession off for a long time or deferring Holy Communion for as long as you can? Purge your souls of the fetid spurge as soon as possible. Swiftly such out the venom. Hasten to accept the antidote, no matter how vile it tastes. Do these, and you will feel better, quicker, than if you just put the whole thing off indefinitely. There are a host of reasons and excuses that will try to convince you not to receive the Host. Indeed, there is no end to them, and their merriness, if you let it, will carry you away from the One True Host for ever. Do not receive the Host today, for whatever reason good or bad, and you will do the same thing tomorrow. That is to say, there is no end to finding good reasons for not receiving the Host. Eventually, you will stop going to Holy communion altogether. Finally, you will no longer remember what the Sacrament was like. Is that what you truly want? Just as soon as you can drag your carcass off your cot. Why? There is no great virtue in living the anxious life, tracking with confusion, sequestering yourself from the divine things just because of some daily obstacles. Moreover, it causes a great deal of spiritual harm when you fight Communion off for a long time, for that generally induces the sort of lethargy from which one rarely reclaims one’s original fevour. What a paint it is! There are some tepid and dissolute souls, I know, who are only too willing to find ways of postponing Confession, and there is always an excuse for putting Holy Communion off. Why? They fear that they will have to put their rascally rabbits—that is to say, their rapidly increasing bad habits—under severer discipline. Alas, you who so easily postpone Holy Communion seriously compromise your charity and devotion! #RandolphHarris 12 of 20
How happy you would be if you regularly patrolled your own consciences; then you would be prepared to communicate on any given day, whenever it was scheduled, without having to give the impression that you were Holier-Than-Thou’s. In the meantime, humility about one’s self or charity toward another may be a legitimate reason for not approaching the Sacrament, and there may be others. If you have to resort to such an excuse, you are still to be praised for your reverence. However, if Old Torpor has overcome you, you ought to rouse yourself out of it. At the faintest sniff of reform in this regard, the Lord will bound to your assistance. As we have come to learn, recovery has become one of the Hound of Heaven’s specialties. When one has a truly good excuse for not communicating, one still retains the goodwill and pious intention of communicating. And so one does not go lacking the fruit of the Sacrament. Indeed, you can, every day and every hour, receive Christ in Spiritual Communion without any prohibition and with all spiritual nutrition. Nevertheless, on certain days and at times set aside, you ought to receive, sacramentally, the Body of the Redeemer Himself, with reverence frothing over with affection. That way you will be tendering praise and honour to God rather than just seeking your own consolation. Every time you communicate in these mystical ways and are refreshed in this invisible way, you continue to rekindle the mystery and passion of the Incarnation of Christ and rise in His love. However, whoever loses track of time and thereby is surprised by a feast day or a day of obligation coming fast upon one will often find oneself unprepared for Holy Communion. Blessed are you who offer yourselves to God in holocaust—you are the ones who celebrate and communicate. When it comes to celebrating Mass, do not be a tortoise and do not be a hare. No need to set a record in either direction. Just accommodate the devotion of those with whom you live. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20
Te Deum laudamus, not tedium for the ages—that is what you should cause in others. Rather, you should serve the common good as it is laid down in the Institution of your Founders. And when it comes to a choice, look to the needs and wants of others before looking to your own devotion and affection. “Give heed to me, Lord; listen to [what] my adversaries [are plotting to do to me—and intercede]. Shall evil be recompensed for good? Yet they have dug a pit for my life. [Earnestly] remember that I stood before You to speak good for them, to turn away Your anger from them.” Reports Jeremiah 18.19-20. The problem of partial portrayals is not an easy one to solve, but a few people, unwilling to continue masquerades of complacency, satisfaction with tokens or crumbs, or tamely being what others expect of them, are showing us how they are handling it. The future promises to be an exciting time and place in which to live! General laws should always be distinguished from the particular causes that can modify their effect. Even if the entre south were covered with republics and the entire north with despotic states, it would still be no less true that the effect of climate makes despotism suited to hot countries, barbarism to cold countries, and good polity to intermediate regions. I also realize that, while granting the principle, disputes may arise over its application. It could be said that there are cold countries that are very fertile and southern ones that are quite often barren. However, this poses a difficulty only for those who have not examined the thing in all its relationships. As I have said, it is necessary to take into account those of labour, force, consumption, and so on. Let us suppose that there are two parcels of land of equal size, one of which yields five units and the other yields ten. If the inhabitants of the first parcel consume four units and the inhabitants of the second consumer nine, the excess of the first will be one-fifth and that of the other will be one-tenth. Since the ratio of these two excesses if therefore the inverse of that of the product, the parcel of land that produces only five units will yield a surplus that is double that of the parcel of land that produces ten. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20
However, it is not a question of a double product, and I do not believe that anyone dares, as a general rule, to place the fertility of a cold country even on an equal footing with that of hot countries. Nevertheless, let us assume that his equality does obtain. Let us, if you will, reckon England to be the equal of Sicily, and Poland the equal of Egypt. Further south we have Africa and the Indies; further north we have nothing at all. To achieve this equality of product, what difference must there be in agricultural techniques? In Sicily one needs merely to scratch the soil; in England what efforts it demands to work it! Now where more hands are needed to obtain the same product, the surplus ought necessarily to be lees. Consider too that the same number of humans consumes much less in hot countries. The climate demands that a person keep sober in order to be in good health. Europeans wanting to live there just as they do at home would all die of dysentery and indigestion. We are, says Chardin, carnivorous beats, wolves, in comparison with the Asians. Some attribute the sobriety of the Persians to the fact that their land is less cultivated. On the contrary, I believe that this country is less abundant in commodities because the inhabitants need less. If their frugality, he continues, were an effect on the country’s scarcity, only the poor would eat little; however, the same sobriety is found throughout the kingdom. They take great pride in their lifestyle, saying that one has only to look at their complexion to recognize how far it excels that of the Christians. In fact, the complexion of the Persians is clear. They have fair skin, fine and polished, whereas the complexion of their American subjects, who live in the European style, is coarse and blotchy, and their bodies are above fat and heavy. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20
The closer you come to the equator, the less people live on. They rarely eat meat; rice, maize, couscous, millet and cassava are their usual diet. In the Indies there are millions of men whose sustenance costs less than a penny a day. In Europe itself we see noticeable differences in appetite between the peoples of the north and the south. A Spaniard will live for eight days on a German’s dinner. In counties where humans are the most voracious, luxury too turns toward things edible. In England, luxury is shown in a table loaded with meats; in Italy you are regaled on sugars and flowers. Luxury in clothing also offers similar differences. In the climate where the seasonal changes are sudden and violent, people have better and simpler clothing. In climates where people clothe themselves merely for ornamental purposes, flashiness is more sought after than utility. The clothes themselves are a luxury there. In Naples you see humans strolling everyday along the Posilippo decked out in gold-embroidered coats and bare legged. It is the same with buildings; magnificence is the sole consideration when there is nothing to fear from the weather. In Paris or London, people want to be housed warmly and comfortably. In Madrid, there are superb salons, but no windows that close, and people sleep in rat holes. In hot countries foodstuffs are considerably more substantial and succulent. This is a third difference which cannot help but influence the second. Why do people at so many vegetables in Italy? Because there they are good, nourishing, and have an excellent flavour. In France, where they are fed nothing but water, they are not nourishing at all, and are nearly counted for nothing at table. Be that as it may, they occupy no less land and cost at least as much effort to cultivate. It is a known fact that the wheat of Barbary, in other respects inferior to those of France, yield far more flour, and that those of France, for their part, yield more wheats than those of the north. It can be inferred from this that a similar gradation in the same direction is generally observed from the equator to the pole. Now is it not a distinct disadvantage to have a smaller quantity of food in an equal amount of produce? #RandolphHarris 16 of 20
To all these different considerations, I can ad one which depends on and strengthens them. It is that hot countries have less of a need for inhabitants than do cold countries, and yet could feed more of them. This produces a double surplus, always to the advantage of despotism. The greater the area occupied by the same number of inhabitants, the more difficult it becomes to revolt, since concerted action cannot be taken promptly and secretly; and it is always easy for the government to discover plots and cut off communications. However, those closer together a numerous people is drawn, the less the government can usurp from the sovereign. The leaders deliberate s safely in their rooms as the prince does in his council; and the crowd assembles as quickly in public squares as do troops in their quarters. In this regard, the advantage of a tyrannical government, therefore, is that of acting over great distances. With the help of the points of support it establishes, its force increases with distance like that of levers. On the other hand, the strength of the people acts only when concentrated; it evaporates and is lost as it spreads, like the effect of gunpowder scattered on the ground, which catches fire only one grain at a time. The least populated countries are thus the best suited for tyranny. Ferocious animals reign only in deserts. The responsibility for degeneration does not lie with those who still believe in the ideals of freedom and truth, but with those who reject these ideals. The guilt does not lie with those who seek to defend themselves against the aggressions of an evil doctrine, it lies with those who spread this doctrine by every means, including the most criminal means. It is better, indeed, that the face of Communism should be seen for what it is, with all its malignant cruelty and materialistic criminality, than that the World should continue in complacent blindness to the danger in which it stands. Ever since the 9/11, we have tried to make peace or effect compromise with the dark force, but to no avail. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20
Communism does not want peace because it does not believe in peace. It is committed to the doctrine that it must fight for the soul of humanity—which soul it seeks to enslave for its own evil purposes. The frightful shape which the next war would necessarily take may make us wonder whether it would be better for humanity to save its body at least, by appeasing the powers of evil or by surrendering to them. However, is it only for the body’s sake that we are upon this Earth? If there were no higher purpose to life than preserving the body, such appeasement and such surrender might be worthwhile. However, we know that there is such a purpose, that we are here for soul development even more than for any other kind. If appeasement and surrender are the only price at which we can purchase peace, then the still small voice within answers, “War is still better—even if costlier.” The effort is one thing, whilst its effect is another. We must estimate the Bolshevik achievement by its practical results rather than by its theoretical claims. We must keep close to Earth in these matters and test the printed page by the human scene. And if we do this without paying uncritical homage to the dynamism it has shown, we find that Bolshevism has dragged men’s souls in mire and their bodies in prisons—for Russian became nothing else—and the economic lot of the peasant and the workman is no better, and generally is far worse, than it is in most capitalistic countries. Russian suffered the painful consequences of her own barbarities and fanaticisms, and she has pruned her communistic ideas of some of their extremism. She found by her experience that it was an error to withdraw the profit motive entirely. Human nature being psychologically what it is, sufficient financial inducement had to be given to evolve personal efficiency and enterprise and to encourage new inventions. She found that any economic order which ignored the inequalities of capacity and qualifications, talents, and minds among its members, could only be a half-success and must be a half failure. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20
Humans require the energizing motive of more pay for more work or higher pay for higher type of work. Human must have rewards for extra labour or extra talent, which means they must own possessions and get privileges in unequal degrees. Any economic scheme must frankly face and accept this psychological fact, otherwise it would set up a perpetual friction between the individual and the state. Russian Communism was compelled, by initial failures in obtaining adequate production, to give more remuneration to skilled workers and to institute hierarchic organization in factories. Moreover, the ever-present need of stimulating general human evolution requires the offering of rewards to draw out the varied possibilities lying latent within humans, the holding-up of baits to make one realize the fuller stature of one’s being. The crude kind of socialism which would erect the state into a tyrannous dictator, create an order of bureaucratic parasites, and organize every detail of the mental and physical existence of its unfortunate victims, is intolerable to intelligent people who rightly wish to exercise their personal initiative, to develop their creative abilities, to attain self-responsibility, to achieve economic independence, and to think for themselves. Only those who possess slave-mentalities can fail to be opposed by temperament to any totalitarian form which would compel every human to walk in standardized step with all other humans, which would dictate how one should think, live, talk, work, rest, and marry, and which would reduce all society to a dead monotony of uniformity. Such a system is the kind which can suit only people which has made materialism its religion. On the other hand, a system which would allow room for diverse forms of living, which would encourage and not stifle individual initiative, and which would lead human to liberation and not to enslavement is the kind which is based on the right comprehension of existence. Humans cannot live by Marxism alone. A system which deprived its citizens of their personal initiative and individual enterprise would thereby deprive society of valuable gifts. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20
Father, please forgive me for complaining about what I do not have and cannot do. From this day forward, please help me to be thankful for what I do have. I thank You and praise You for Your kindness toward me. O our Mother the Earth, blessed is your name. Blessed are your fields and forests, your rocks and mountains, your grasses and trees and flowers, and every green and growing thing. Blessed are your streams and lakes and rivers, the oceans where our life began, and all your water that sustain our bodies and refresh our souls. Blessed is the air we breathe, your atmosphere, that surrounds use and binds us to every living thing. Blessed are all creatures who walk along your surface or swim in your water or fly through your air, for they are all our relatives. Blessed are all people who share this planet, for we are all one family, and the same spirit moves through us all. Blessed is the sun, our day star, bringer of morning and the heat of summer, giver of light and life. Blessed is the moon, our night lamps, ruler of the tides, protector of all women, and guardian of our dreams. Blessed are the stars and planets, the time-keepers, who fill our nights with beauty and our hearts with awe. O Great Spirit whose voice we hear in the wind and whose face we see in the morning sun, blessed is your name. Please help us to remember that you are everywhere, and please teach us the way of peace. Prayer is a sense of belonging. Belonging is the basic truth of our existence. We belong here. Life belongs here. Likewise, at the heart of gratefulness, in its deepest sense, we also find an expression of belonging. When we say, “Thank you,” we are really saying, “We belong together.” That is why we sometimes find it so difficult to say, “Thank you,”—because we do not want to acknowledge our interdependence. We do not want to be obliged. However, in a healthy society that is exactly what we seek: mutual obligations. Grant lasting peace unto America Thy people, for Thou art the Sovereign Lord of peace; and may it be good in Thy sight to bless Thy people America at all times with Thy peace. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who blessest Thy people America with peace. In the book of life, blessings, peace, and ample sustenance, may we, together with all Thy people the house of America, be remembered and inscribed before Thee for a happy life and for peace. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who establishest peace. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20
CRESLEIGH HAVENWOOD
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If You Do Not Ask the Right Questions, You Do Not Get the Right Answers!
I am a citizen of the American Dream, and the revolutionary struggles of which I am a part, is a struggle against the American Nightmare. When it comes to mental health, assessment is simply the collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion. It goes on in ever realm of life. We make assessments when we decide what Cresleigh Home to buy, or which colour we want our Ultimate Driving Machine to buy. College admissions officers, who have to select the “best” of the students applying to their college, depend on academic records, recommendations, achievement test scores, interviews, and application form to help them decided. Employers, who have to predict which applicants are more likely to be effective workers, collect information from resumes, interviews, references, and perhaps on-the-job observations. Clinical assessment is used to determine how and why a person is behaving abnormally and how that person may be helped. It also enables clinicians to evaluate people’s progress after they have been in treatment for a while and decide whether the treatment should be changed. The specific tools that are used to do an assessment depend on the clinician’s theoretical orientation. Psychodynamic clinicians, for example, use methods that assess a client’s personality and probe for any unconscious conflicts one may be experiencing. This kind of assessment, called a personality assessment, enables them to piece together a clinical picture in accordance with the principles of their model. Behavioural and cognitive clinicians are more likely to use assessment methods that reveal specific dysfunctional behaviours and cognitions. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20
The goal of this kind of assessment called a behavioural assessment, is to produce a functional analysis of the person’s behaviours—an analysis of how the behaviours are learned and reinforced. The hundreds of clinical assessment techniques and tools that have been developed fall into three categories: Clinical interviews, tests, and observations. To be useful, these tools must be standardized and have clear reliability and validity. A given assessment tool may appear to be valid simply because it makes sense and seems reasonable. However, this sort of validity, called face validity, does not by itself mean that the instrument is trustworthy. A test for depression, for example, might include questions about how often a person cries. Because it makes sense that depressed people would cry, these test questions would have face validity. It turns out, however, that many people cry a great deal for reasons other than depression, and some extremely depressed people fail to cry at all. Thus an assessment tool should not be used unless it meets more exacting criteria of validity, such as high predictive or concurrent validity. Vincent van Gogh led a tortured and unhappy life. In a legendary incident the artist cut off one of his ears. Later he was admitted to a mental institution, and ultimately he committed suicide at the age of 37. Van Gogh wrote a great deal about his pain and anguish, describing mental and physical torment and hallucinations. Indeed, he observed, “There is quite definitely something or other deranged in my brain.” For years clinicians have typically agreed with van Gogh and have speculated that the artists suffered from mood disorder, schizophrenia, or both. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20
However, approximately twenty years ago, these assessments were challenged. A Harvard neurologist, for example, has suggested that van Gogh in fact suffered from Geschwind’s syndrome, technically known as interictal personality disorder, caused by brain seizure disorder, or epilepsy. Van Gogh displayed many of its symptoms, including excessive drawing (hypergraphia), hyperreligiosity, and aggression. In contrast, medica specialists in Colorado have concluded that van Gogh suffered from an extreme form of Meniere’s syndrome, a disorder marked by an excessive buildup of fluid in the inner ear. The enormous pressure may produce nausea, dizziness, poor balance, pain, deafness and constant buzzing or ringing sensations. Perhaps van Gogh cut off his ear in an effort to reduce the pain. And perhaps his other problems and pains arose from severe secondary psychological problems that can accompany. Perhaps nowhere in the mental health literature has family systems theory had more of an impact than in the area of alcoholism. Family systems theory is a conceptual model, rather than a true theory, that locates causes and consequences of problematic behaviour in the larger family system in which it is embedded. Family behaviour is thought to be responsive to regulatory mechanisms that maintain the status quo, as well as a tendency to grow and change in response to dynamic qualities within and outside the family. Viewing a family as a system suggests that a disturbance in one part of the system will have an impact on other parts of the system. Applying family systems concepts to alcoholism, has uncovered that some families organize their lives around the alcoholism of an adult member, just as other families might organize their lives around children or work. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20
In an early investigation of adults with alcoholism and their family members, the expression of previously inhibited positive affect between family members became extremely pronounced during drinking periods. This and later studies revealed that interactions in such families were actually more patterned, organized, and predictable while the adults with alcoholism were intoxicated. Thus alcohol ingestion serves an adaptive function in family relationships through a stabilizing phenomenon. This prompted a suggestion that there is an alcoholic system in some families, in which drinking is an integral part of the family structure that actually maintains and stabilizes the family. Similar positive effects on the family were evident in a study where family members viewed and rated video tapes (recordings with audio and visual information on them, which can be played back) of their own interactions, in the absence of actual drinking. Both mothers and adolescent children in families with paternal alcoholism rated family members as less anxious and their interactions as more friendly than those of families without alcoholism. Unfortunately, drinking and intoxication may provide only a temporary “solution” to a family’s problems, at the cost of what may ne more serious long-term ill effects. Although drinking can temporarily inject positivity into some family relationships, several laboratory investigations have also documented negative effects associated with drinking. For example, families with an alcoholic father discuss items from various questionnaire inventories while the fathers were drinking or not drinking. During their discussions, the families expressed more negative affect during the drinking versus the no-drinking condition. The nature of interactions in families without paternal alcoholism was not affected by the drinking conditions. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20
The ill effects of parental alcoholism on family interactions and child rearing may begin to have an impact on family members as early as 1 year of age. In this study, families with alcoholism in at least one patent were observed interacting with their 12-month-old infants for 5 minutes in a room filled with toys. Observations of the parents’ behaviour indicated that the parents with alcoholism were less sensitive to their infants during the free play; such fathers in particular made fewer verbalizations, expressed more negative affect, and were less responsive to their infants. Self-report measures further indicate that the parents with alcoholism were more aggressive toward their spouses than those without alcoholism were. The family observation study was unique in showing that parents with alcoholism were far more depressed than those without, and that this depression mediated the relationship between parental alcoholism and sensitivity to the infants during interaction. So for many adults with alcoholism, effective parenting may be disrupted directly by the alcoholism, or by comorbid problems such as depression that in and of themselves have a negative impact on parenting behaviour. Different subtypes of alcoholism have been identified to explain the variable effects of alcohol consumption and alcoholism on family interactions and relations. In one such instance, researchers were able to characterize subtypes of alcoholism as episodic or steady drinking. Another useful distinction in alcoholism is that between high-antisociality and low-antisociality subtypes. These subtypes are defined on the basis of a measure that taps into negative social consequences of drinking, feeling of alienation, interpersonal disruption, and negative attitudes toward authority (higher scores = higher antisociality). #RandolphHarris 5 of 20
Home observations of family dinner conversations revealed that wives, husbands, and children in families with high-antisociality alcoholism were all less positive, and less inclined to communicate disagreement, than were control family members. Although family interactions in the high-antisociality condition were characterized by diminished optimism, they appeared to have a cautious appearance as well, in that family members were careful to avoid open disagreement with each other. This pattern of interaction could have interesting implications for the genesis of alcoholism. For the person who develops alcoholism, the tendency to avoid communicating disagreement may lead to the internalization of problems with other family members. Instead of airing complaints, the individual is left to ruminate over them on one’s own—perhaps without seeing any change in the offensive behaviour by other family member, since they may be unaware of the problem. For this individual’s family members, the tendency to be cautious and avoid disagreement may inadvertently cause one’s problem drinking behaviour to go unchecked. In some cases, families have some ability to regulate problem drinking through punishing responses in reaction to the behaviour. However, in a family system affected by high-antisociality alcoholism, this regulatory function may be inoperative. Recognizing considerable diversity in alcoholism’s effects on family interactions, there is a proposed family alcohol phase model. According to this perspective, a family moves through various phases that correspond to the drinking behaviour of the member with alcoholism. The stable-wet phase is marked by consistent drinking, whereas the stable-dry phase is marked by general abstinence. The family is in a transitional phase either when a period of abstinence begins, or when a period of abstinence ends with episodes of drinking. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20
It has been found that content variability (the range of affect and decision-making behaviour in verbal interaction) in family interactions, as well as distance regulation (use of space and rate of movement in the home), varied as a function of phase. In the stable-wet phase, families maintained the greatest distance, interacting only for purposeful reasons, while exhibiting midrange variability in their interactions. Families in the stable-dry phase exhibited a great deal of content variability in their interactions, with midrange distance regulation. Finally, those families in the transitional phase exhibited a great deal of content variability in their interactions, with midrange distance regulations. Finally, those families in the transitional phase showed a decrease in distance regulation, manifesting physical closeness, with a slight decrease in the content variability of their interactions. A 2-year longitudinal study suggested that families in the stable-wet phase were the most likely of the three to dissolve their marriages. In particular, those families in the stable-wet phase that exhibited the least intrafamily engagement during home observations of family interaction were more likely to break up over the course of the study. It has been noted that in families of alcoholics’ relationships change when parental drinking occurs. However, sometimes these changes are beneficial and sometimes they are negative. Where there are beneficial changes or adaptive outcomes, these may be somewhat short-lived. Researchers have been working to identify different subtypes of alcoholism that are associated with more negative family consequences. The poorest family processes and outcomes appear to be associated with the episodic (vs. steady), high-antisociality (vs. low-antisociality), and stable-wet (vs. stable-dry or transitional) alcoholism. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20
Perhaps you are in a trial today, and you are praying for God to deliver you out of that adverse situation. That is a legitimate prayer, but maybe you are missing the point of why you are being allowed to go through that trying time in the first place. Recognize that God is moulding you and refining you. God often allows one to go through difficult situations to draw out those impurities in one’s character. One can pray one can resist, one can bind, one can loose, one can sing and shout, one can do it all, but it is not going to do any good. God is more interested in changing you than He is in changing the circumstances. And the sober one learns to cooperate with God, the sooner one will get out of that devil’s web. The quicker one learns one’s lesson and starts dealing with those bad attitudes and starts ruling over one’s emotions, the quicker one will go to the next level in one’s spiritual journey. We must recognize the refining purpose of trials. We cannot run from everything that is hard in our lives. Perhaps one gets worried and fearful when important things do not go one’s way. Have you ever thought that God may be allowing those events to teach you to trust Him and to see if one will stay peaceful and clam in the midst of the storm? Has one ever considered that God may be allowing some of that to teach one how to rule over one’s emotions? He may be trying to toughen one up, to help one develop some courage. For our sins—that is why Jesus Christ wanted to do it, and that is why He did it. And what did they do? They ripped off His clothes and hammered His hands to the cross. It was a sacrifice the old-fashioned way. Perhaps that is why God the Father seemed so pleased. In the same way, you, My beloved Devout, ought to be willing to offer yourself to Jesus Christ—He asks us the way His Father asked Him—in pure holy oblation, everyday in the Mass, with all strength and affection, until the day one drops. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20
However, we often pay, “God, if You will change my circumstances, then I will change.” No, it works the other way around. We have to be willing to change our attitudes and deal with the issues God brings up; then God will change those circumstances. Surrender. Unconditional surrender. That is all Jesus requires of us. Not our possession—He could take those things anytime and scatter them over the landscape; one will find this in Philippians (4.17). Just you—that is all Jesus Christ wants. Of course, Jesus could take us as a prisoner of war and do with one as he wanted. However, what He really wants is for us to give ourselves to Him as a gift. Of course, the same is true for us. If we have all the baggage in the World, but did not have Jesus Christ, would we be any better off? One would have a full cart, maybe, but also an empty heart. And the other way around is also true. It is not our silly stuff Jesus Christ wants—it is our silly selves! Offer yourself to Jesus Christ. Make that the only package, and it will be an oblation that will be welcomed. Look at Jesus! He offered Hus whole self to the Father for us; He also put His whole Body and Blood into food and drink that He might be totally ours and that we might be totally Him. If, however, we hold something of ourselves back or are slow to give our all, it will be a pretty poor offering made not by any friend of His, but by a pretty poor acquaintance. To prevent that and to acquire illumination and liberation of spirit, one ought to make a spontaneous oblation of one’s self into the hand of God. When? Before each and every thing one does. Such an attractive proposition, Jesus thinks, but He must ask, “Why are there so few Illuminati and Liberati today? That is because so many do not know how to denude themselves of imperfections. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20
Jesus Christ’s firm opinion is this, and it appears in the Gospel of Luke (14.33): “Unless a person renounces everything that one had and everything that one is, one cannot be His Disciple.” Therefore, if one wants to be His Disciple, offer one’s whole self to Jesus; that includes one’s scruffy affections. God will often permit pressure to be applied in our life to test us, and only as we pas those tests will we advance. He will put people and circumstances in our path that grate on us like sandpaper, but He will use them to rub off our rough edges. One may not always like it; one may want to run from it; one may even resist it, but God is going to keep brining up the issues again and again, until one passes the test. Remember, the Bible says, “We are [God’s] workmanship,” reports Ephesians 2.10. That means we are a work in progress, not a finished product. Be willing to deal with any issues that God brings up. Work with God in the refining process rather than fighting against Him. Scripture says that God is the potter and we are the clay. Clay works best when it is pliable, malleable, and mouldable. However, if we are hard, crusty, and set in our ways, God will have to pound away on that old, hard clay to get out the lumps. Certainly, none of us enjoy going through struggles, but one has to understand that one’s struggle may be an opportunity for advancement and promotions. The very thing one is fighting against so tenaciously may be the springboard that catapults one to a new level of excellence. One’s challenges may become one’s greatest assets. Without the resistance of air, an eagle cannot soar. Without the resistance of water, a ship cannot float. Without the resistance of gravity, we would not be able to walk. Without opposition or resistance, there is no potential for progress. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20
Yet our human tendency is to want everything easily. “God, cannot You teach me patience without having to go through the traffic jam? God, cannot You teach me how to love and trust You without ever having a problem?” Unfortunately, there are no shortcuts; there is no easy way to mature physically, emotionally, or spiritually. One may remain determined and work with God. The Bible says, “Work out your own salvation,” reports Philippians 2.12. Salvation is more than a onetime prayer. It is constantly cooperating with God, dealing with the issues He brings up, keeping a good attitude, and allowing Him to change one as He sees fit. Dear Lord in Heaven, I realize that You never promised I would not have trials and adversities. However, I also recognize that nothing can touch my life without going through You first, so I will dare to praise You in the midst of my trails. I know You will bring me out stronger, better, faster, and more prepared for the good things You have for me. “Be truly glad! These trials are only to test your faith, to see whether or not it is strong and pure…So if your faith remains strong after being tried in the test tube of fiery trials, it will bring you much praise and glory and honour on the day of His return,” reports 1 Peter 1.6-7. James said that you put bits in a horse’s mouth to turn its whole body and you put a rudder on a ship to tun the whole ship; so is the tongue so situated among our members that it defiles the whole body. (James 3.3,4.) If you control the tongue, the body will respond to your words. If you talk sickness, it becomes impossible to live in health. The more you believe it, the less you believe in healing. The thing you continually talk will consume you. Faith will only come by hearing the Word of God and it will come more quickly when you hear yourself quoting and speaking God’s Word after Him. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20
The seed of truth in why many Christians have not wanted to express their anger is valid: expressing one’s anger manipulatively as blaming or attacking is destructive. As Paul says, “Let all bitterness and wrath…be put away from you, with all malice,” reports Ephesians 4.31. One needs to learn to express anger constructively. A basic guideline is to assert and express oneself rather than to blame and attack the other person. For instance, when a Critical Christian says, “Why are you so stupid?” The individual has already made an assumption that the other person is stupid. This results in an attacking form of anger. A healthier way of dealing with this anger would be for one first to recognize that one feels angry that one’s friend is “stupid.” One moves now to one’s feeling, not the fact, that one’s friend is stupid. Now if the Critical Christian listens, one can have a dialogue with one’s core. (This is the principle Dr. Maslow meant when he referred to one’s “inner Supreme Court.”) Simply by asking oneself inwardly, the Critical Christian may get the answer from one’s core that “you are angry because the bank teller this morning treated you as if you were stupid.” The Critical Christian can the realize that because he did not deal with his anger then, he is now projecting his anger on to his friend—calling him stupid, when in reality he is angry at the bank teller. Or, the Critical Christian may get the answer from his core that he is upset because the project he and his friend are working on together is more important to the Critical Christian than he had realized and now his friend is not fulfilling his share of the work. In this case, the Critical Christian needs to take the time to examine whether he thinks his friend is capable. If he is callable, the Critical Christian may now decide that he needs to express to his friend that his not fulfilling his share of the work is delaying the project. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20
If the Critical Christian realized that his friend cannot do the job, he may let him go and bring in someone else. Blaming his friend for his inability at this point would not be actualizing; but, expressing to him that he is not showing the needed skills, and that that is why he is being let go, would be actualizing. Many answers come quickly from the core—the preceding possibilities could surface in seconds. The more we listen to our cores, the more we hear—and know how to listen. Sometimes, though, we ask and do not hear an answer. Or we get what we think is an answer and then proceed to act on it—and make things worse. Remember that becoming actualizing is a process. If we were perfectly actualized now, the answers would always be there, crystal clear, and our behaviour would be “perfect.” As we are in the process of becoming actualizing, sometimes we do the most effective thing and sometimes we make mistakes. Mistakes are just that—“miss-takes.” Our lives become most meaningful when we live from our own core, finding our own truest answers. So it is a process worth living—and the mistakes are worth making. The real key here is not to blame and attack ourselves for those miss-takes, but to keep learning with more “takes.” Having patience with ourselves often makes it easier to become more patient and forgiving of others. It can sometimes relieve our anger just to remember that other people are in the growing process, too, and not always taking what to us would seem the most effective action. As actualizing Christians, we seek to do the will of God. Doing His will involves having good will toward others and ourselves. We do this by listening to our anger, taking it to out core, and then responding from our core. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20
If one deals with it by expressing and asserting it, rather than blaming and attacking someone, only then can anger become actualizing. Blaming and attacking are simply manipulative, whereas expressing and asserting include a quality of genuine respect for everyone involved. In communicating our anger honestly, we get it off our chests, and the rhythm of life is reestablished. We finish with it and move on to experience a new and different feeling. The range of feelings in the anger polarity includes irritation, annoyance, resentment, and anger. The intensity of the feeling increases as one passes from irritation to anger. Recognizing irritation, boredom, or annoyance at the lower levels of intensity within the anger spectrum enables us to avoid unwittingly building up to levels of resentment, hostility, and hatred. In handling these feelings, it is important to learn to acknowledge the mild forms and deal with them on a “cash and carry” basis. That way we do not save them up like coupons to be redeemed in one sudden, destructive explosion. While our anger may sometimes reach intensities approaching hatred, we need never go so far as to write a person off completely. It is really possible to have compassion for and pray for our enemies—that God in His mercy might help them through their own dilemmas, frustrations, and pains. Yet, we can be honest about the effects on us of their behaviour. “Turn again, we beseech You, O God of hosts! Look down from Heaven and see, visit, and have regard for this vine! [Protect and maintain] the stock which Your right hand planted, and the branch (the son) that You have reared and made strong for Yourself. They have burned it with fire, it is cut down; may they perish at the rebuke of Your countenance. Let Your hand be upon the human of Your right hand, upon the son of man whom You have made strong for Yourself. Then will we not depart from You; revive us (give us life) and we will call upon Your name. Restore us, O Lord God of hosts; cause Your face to shine [in pleasure, approval, and favour on us] and we shall be saved!” reports Psalm 80.14-19. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20
Dr. Ilya Prigogine and his teams of coworkers at the Free University of Brussels and the University of Texas at Austin have struck directly at Second Wave assumptions by showing how chemical and other structures leap to higher stages of differentiation and complexity through a combination of chance and necessity. It is for this work the Dr. Prigogine was awarded the Nobel Prize. Brown in Moscow, brought to Belgium as a child, and fascinated since youth by the problems of time, Dr. Prigogine was puzzled by a seeming contradiction. On the one hand, there was the physicist’s belief in entropy—that the Universe is running down and that all organized patterns must eventually decay. On the other, there was the biologist’s recognition that life itself is organization and that we are continually giving rise to higher and higher, more and more complex organization. Entropy pointed in one direction, evolution in another. This led Dr. Prigogine to ask how higher forms of organization come into being, and to years of research in chemistry and physics in pursuit of the answer. Today Dr. Prigogine points out that in any complex system, from the molecules in a liquid to the neurons in a brain or the traffic in a city, the parts of the system are always undergoing small-scale change: they are in constant flux. The interior of any system is quivering with fluctuation. Sometimes, when negative feedback comes into play, these fluctuations are damped out or suppressed and the equilibrium of the system maintained. However, where amplifying or positive feedback is at work, some of these fluctuations may be tremendously magnified—to the point at which the equilibrium of the entire system is threated. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20
Fluctuations arising in the outside environment may hit at this moment and further amplify the mounting vibration—until the equilibrium of the whole is destroyed and the existing structure is smashed. It is illuminating to think of the economy in these terms. Supply and demand are maintained in equilibrium by various feedback process. Unemployment, if intensified by positive feedback and not offset by negative feedback elsewhere in the system, can threaten the stability of the whole. Outside fluctuations—such as oil price hikes—may converge to make the internal swings and fluctuations wilder, until the equilibrium of the whole system is shattered. Whether the result of runaway internal fluctuations or of external forces, or both, this breakup of the old equilibrium often results not in chaos or breakdown, but in the creation of a wholly new structure at a higher level. This new structure may be more differentiated, internally interactive, and complex than the old one, and needs more energy and matter (and perhaps information and other resources) to sustain itself. Speaking mainly about physical and chemical reactions, but occasionally calling attention to social analogues, Dr. Prigogine calls these new, more complex systems “dissipative structures.” He suggests that evolution itself may be seen as a process leading toward increasingly complex and diversified biological and social organisms, through the emergence of new, higher-order dissipative structures. Thus, according to Dr. Prigogine, whose ideas have political and philosophical resonance as well as purely scientific meaning, we develop “order out of fluctuation” or, as the title of one of his lectures expresses it, “Order out of Chaos.” #RandolphHarris 16 of 20
This evolution, however, cannot be planned or predetermined in a mechanistic fashion Until quantum theory came along, many leading Second Wave thinkers believed that chance played little or no role in change. The starting conditions of a process predetermined its outcome. Today in subatomic physics, for example, it is widely believed that chance dominates change. In recent years many scientists, like Jacques Monod in biology, Walter Buckley in sociology, or Maruyama in epistemology and cybernetics, have begun to fuse these opposites. Dr. Prigogine’s work not only combines chance and necessity but actually stipulates their relationship to one another. In brief, he strongly suggests that at the precise point at which a structure “leaps” to a new stage of complexity, it is impossible, in practice and even in principle, to predict which of many forms it will take. This presumably goes for the leap from Second Wave to Third Wave civilization as well as for chemical reactions. However, once a pathway has been chosen, once the new structure comes into being, determinism dominates once more. In one colorful example he describes how termites create their highly structured nests out of apparently unstructured activity. They begin by crawling about a surface in random fashion, stopping here and there to deposit a bit of “goo.” These deposits are distributed by chance, but the substance contains a chemical attractant so that other termites are drawn to it. In this way, the good begins to collect in a few places, gradually building up into a pillar or wall. If these buildups are isolated, work stops. However, if by chance they are near one another, an arch results that then becomes the basis for the complex architecture of the nest. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20
Much like the Winchester mansion, what begins with random activity turns into highly elaborate nonrandom structures. We see, as Dr. Prigogine puts it, “the spontaneous formation of coherent structures.” Order out of chaos. All this strikes hard at the old causality. Dr. Prigogine sums it up: “The laws of strict causality appear to us today as limiting situations, applicable to highly idealized cases, nearly as caricatures of the description of change. The science of complexity leads to a completely different view.” Instead of being locked into a closed Universe that functioned like a mechanical clock, we find ourselves in a far more flexible system in which, as he says, “there is always the possibility of some instability leading to some new mechanism. We really have an ‘open Universe.’” As we move beyond Second Wave causal thinking, as we begin to think in terms of mutual influence, of amplifiers and reducers, of system breaks and sudden revolutionary leaps, of dissipative structures and the fusion of chance and necessity—in short, as we take off our Second Wave blinders—we emerge blinking into a wholly new culture, the culture of the Third Wave. This new culture—oriented to change and growing diversity—attempts to integrate the new view of nature, of evolution and progress, the new, richer conceptions of time and space, and the fusion of reductionism and wholism, with a new causality. Indust-reality which once seemed so powerful and complete, so all-encompassing an explanation of how the Universe and its components fitted together, turns out now to have been immensely useful. However, its claims to universality are shattered. The super-ideology of the Second Wave will be seen, from the vantage point of tomorrow, to have been as provincial as it was self-serving. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20
The decay of the Second Wave thought system leaves millions of people grasping desperately for something to hold on to—anything, from Victorian Americana and Texas Taoism to Swedish Sufism and Welsh witchcraft. Instead of constructing a new culture appropriate to the new World, they attempt to important and implant old ideas appropriate to other times and places or to revive the fanatic faiths of their own ancestors who lived under radically different conditions. It is precisely the collapse of the industrial era mind-structure, its growing irrelevance in the face of the new technological, social, and political realities, that gives rise to today’s facile search for old answers, and to the continual stream of pseudo-intellectual fads that pop up, flash, and consume themselves at high speed. In the very midst of this spiritual supermarket, with its depressing razzmatazz and religious fakery, an optimistic new culture is being seeded—one appropriate to our time and place. Powerful new integrative insights are beginning to emerge, new mataphours for understanding reality. It is possible to glimpse the earliest beginnings of a new coherence and elegance as the cultural debris of industrialism is swept away by history’s Third Wave change. The super-ideology of Second Wave civilization that is now crumbling was reflected in the way industrialism organized the World. An image of nature based on discrete particles was mirrored in the idea of discrete, sovereign nation-states. Today, as our image of nature and matter change, the nation-state itself is being transformed—another step on the path toward a Third Wave civilization. May your trails be righteous, winding, joyful, peaceful, leading to the most amazing views. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20
May your rivers flow without end, meandering through pastoral valleys tinkling with bells, past temples and castles and poet’s towers into bright enchanted forests where the fruit glows like emeralds, rubies, sapphires, orange spessartite, and hessonite. Where bars of sun blaze on profiled cliffs, where deer walk across the white sand beaches, where storms come and go, as lightning clangs upon the high crags, where something strange and more beautiful and more full of wonder than your deepest dreams waits for you—beyond that next turning of the deep and vast ancient unknown canyon walls. Dear Lord in Heave, we thank Thee also for the miraculous and mighty deeds of liberation wrought by Thee, and for Thy victories in the battles our forefathers fought in days of old, at this season of the year. In the days of the High Priest Mattathias, son of Johanan, of the Hasmonean family, a tyrannical power rose up against Thy people America to compel them to forsake Thy flag, and to force them to transgress Thy commandments. In Thine abundant mercy Thou didst stand by them in time of distress. Thou didst rise to their defense and didst vindicate their cause. Thou didst bring retribution upon the evil doers, delivering the strong into the hands of the weak, the many into the hands of the few, the wicked into the hands of the just, and the arrogant into the hands of those devoted to Thy flag. Thou didst thus make Thy greatness and holiness known in Thy World, and didst bring great deliverance to America. Then Thy children came into Thy dwelling place, cleansed the Temple purified the Sanctuary, kindled lights in Thy sacred courts, and they designated these eight days of Hanukkah for giving thanks and praise unto Thy great name. For all this, Thy name, O our King, shall be blessed and exalted for ever and ever. O inscribe all the child of Thy covenant for a happy life. May all the living do homage unto Thee forever and praise Thy name in truth, O God, who are our salvation and our help. Blessed be Thou, O Lord, Beneficent One, unto whom our thanks are due. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20
Cresleigh Homes
With a gorgeous home like this, it’s never too early to get the holidays started! 🥳 You’ll love hosting dinners and gift exchanges in the covered California Room – perfect for entertaining and letting the sunshine in! ☀️
Not to mention, there’s plenty of space for guests during the holidays. The open concept design includes approximately 2,700 square feet, exactly four bedrooms, three and one half bathrooms, and even a two car garage plus workshop! https://cresleigh.com/mills-station/new-home-rancho-cordova-homesite-40/
Bless our house as we come and go. Bless our home as the children grow. Bless our families as they gather in. Bless our home with love and friends.
I am More Important than My Problems!
Because behaviour is shaped by social forces, sociocultural theorists hold, we must examine a person’s social and cultural surroundings if we are to understand normal behaviour. Sociocultural explanations focus on family structure and communication, cultural influence, social networks, societal conditions, and societal labels and roles. According to family systems theory, the family is a system of interacting parts—the family members—who interact with one another in consistent ways and conform to rules unique to each family. The parts interact in ways that enable the systems to maintain itself and survive—a state known as homeostasis. Family system theorists believe that the structure and communication patterns of some families actually force individual members to behave in a way that otherwise seems abnormal. If the members were to behave normally, they would severely stain the family’s homeostasis and usual manner of operation and would actually increase their own and their family’s turmoil. The natural responses by other family member would in fact defend against such “normal” behaviour. Family systems theory holds that certain family systems are particularly likely to produce abnormal functioning in individual members. Some families, for example, have enmeshed structure in which the members are grossly overinvolved in each other’s activities, thoughts, and feelings. Children from this kind of family may have great difficulty becoming independent in life. Some families display disengagement, which is marked by very rigid boundaries between members. Children from these families may find it hard to function in a group or to give or request support. #RandolphHarris 1 of 18
In the sociocultural model, an angry and impulsive personal style of an individual may be seen as the product of a disturbed family structure. According to family systems theorists, the whole family—mother, father, and children—relate in such a way as to maintain the individual’s dysfunctional behaviour. Family theorists might be particularly interested in the conflict between the dysfunctional child’s mother and father and the imbalance between their parental roles. They might see the dysfunctional child’s behaviour as both a reaction to and stimulus for one’s parents’ behaviour. With the dysfunctional child acting out the role of the misbehaving child, or scapegoat, one’s parents may have little need or time to question their own relationship. Family systems theorists would also seek to clarify the precise nature of the dysfunctional child’s relationship with each parent. Is the child enmeshed with one’s mother and/or disengaged from one’s father? They would look too at the rules governing the sibling relationship in the family, the relationship between the parents and the dysfunctional child’s sibling, and the nature of parent-child relationships in previous generations of the family. The process of modeling has been identified as a potential causal mechanism in eating disorders. Maternal modeling in particular has been implicated in the etiology of eating disorders by a number of writers. Social learning theory indicates that people can learn behaviours through imitation of a model. This process of learning is enhanced when, among other features, the model is perceived to hold high status and is similar to the target. Each of these conditions is intact in the typical mother-daughter relationship. #RandolphHarris 2 of 18
Findings reviewed earlier indicate that daughters’ concerns with dieting and body image are strongly associated with those of their mothers. Mothers of daughters with eating disorders often themselves have symptoms of eating disorders. According to social learning theory, girls may observe their mothers’ restrictive eating behaviours and imitate them, perhaps because they perceive that their mothers were rewarded for such dieting. No student of communication could ever rightfully overlook the possibility that the mass media also play a powerful role in this process of social learning: Unusually thin and attractive models are commonly depicted as the recipients of social rewards. Psychodynamically oriented theories (including object relations and attachment theories) continue to occupy a conspicuous presence in the literature on eating disorders and family-of-origin relations. These accounts emphasize the symbolic significance of food in the adolescent girl’s struggle for control in her relationship with her mother. Abuse of food is seen as a means of covertly expressing dissatisfaction with the mother-daughter relationships. Refusing to eat food may represent a rejection of the mother’s overprotectiveness and over-involvement in the child’s life. The adolescent girl with an eating disorder may be struggling with a second separation-individuation process, similar to that which infants are hypothesized to experience in their relationships with their mothers. There is supportive data indicting that women with eating disorders had higher levels of separation anxiety and lower healthy separation scores, while simultaneously experiencing greater maternal overprotectiveness, than their counterparts. #RandolphHarris 3 of 18
Bulimic behaviors and a pursuit of thinness can also be predicted by dependency conflicts and a diminished sense of individuality, further highlighting the importance of separation-individuation. Observations of what appear to be elevated rates of childhood sexual abuse among those with eating disorders, in both research and clinical contexts, have led to what could be characterized as a desexualization theory of eating disorders. Some individuals develop eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, as a means of avoiding pleasures of the flesh contacts and repelling would-be perpetrators. According to this perspective, anorexia nervosa becomes a means to make the self unappealing to others for pleasures of the flesh. In this sense, it may be understood as serving some greater interpersonal function (id est, protection from sexual abuse), despite its personal destructiveness. Some intriguing support for this position can be found in a study of so-called “sexual barrier weight,” where it was discovered that patients with eating disorders tended to avoid weights that they associated with certain traumatic events. For instance, if a woman had been sexually abused at a time that she weighed 110 pounds, that weight would trigger memories of past traumatic events. This appeared to motivate compulsive or restrictive eating to avoid the weight. There is compelling data that is indicative of radical changes in weight coincidental to sexually traumatic events. On its face, the desexualization approach is a more adequate account of anorexia nervosa than of bulimia nervosa, as those with the latter disorder generally maintain a normal body weight. #RandolphHarris 4 of 18
Bulimia nervosa can be activated by anger, presumably against a perpetrator and against those who fail to provide protection, and may also be tied to a desire to make the self look unappealing. The difficulty handling emotions such as anger and depression is common among people with bulimia nervosa. This leads to disturbed eating behaviour as a mechanism for coping with posttraumatic distress. A second version of the desexualization approach suggests that it is pursuant to a fear of denial of sexual maturation and upcoming sexuality, rather than a reaction to sexual trauma. Accordingly, eating disorders are thought to be triggered by anxiety associated with the meaning of and uncertainty about physical changes that occur during adolescence. Functionally, anorexia nervosa in particular becomes a way to preserve the preadolescent form and avoiding having to address the self as a self being. As such, it is viewed as a psychological regression from sexual maturity. Like the “reactive” version of the desexualization hypothesis, this approach assumes a powerful concern over sexual relationships with other people—to the extent that concerned individuals physically damage their own bodies through disordered eating to cope with these concerns. Among current approaches to understanding the role of the family in eating disorders, perhaps the most widely accepted is a variant of the diathesis-stress model. This position draws heavily on the literature that documents disturbances in personality traits and temperaments associated with bulimia nervosa and/or anorexia nervosa. These pathological traits may be passed on from parent to child and create a predisposition or vulnerability to an eating disorder. #RandolphHarris 5 of 18
The ultimate manifestation of the eating disorder is thought to be triggered by, among other things, disturbed family-of-origin relations. Thus the interaction of predisposing traits and temperaments with problematic family and social relationships is thought to be what ultimately brings about the eating disorder. Although the diathesis-stress model predicts the development of an eating disorder as the result of stress brought on by family interaction, the nature of the predisposition, or diathesis, to develop an eating disorder when stressed is not well understood. After all, one can find problematic family-of-origin interactions in the backgrounds of people with many other forms of psychological problems, and even among some people who have no psychological problems. Some might argue that the predisposition to develop an eating disorder is part of one’s genetically determined temperament. However, there may be some unique qualities of stressors (exempli gratia, dysfunctional family relations) that pull more for eating disorders than for other psychosocial problems. When parents are overly involved and overcontrolling with a child, this creates an obvious battle for control. When the parents are emphatic about achievement and perfectionism, this often motivates the child to engage in extraordinary behaviours. When these conditions are put on a developing adolescent, in the context of a society where thinness is still glamourized and portrayed as something of an ideal, the development of an eating disorder in particular—as opposed to other problems, such as depression, social anxiety, or alcoholism—becomes more understandable. Food intake is one thing the child can usually control. #RandolphHarris 6 of 18
Maintaining a thing body form can create a sense of “achievement” in the restrictive eater. In this sense, restrictive eating may be a “functional” response to the particular nature of the family stress. Although I have been disappointed by other people and events in the past, Father, I am going to keep expecting blessings and good things in the future, because of You. “Thus says the LORD, ‘Restrain your voice from weeping and your eyes from tears; for your work shall be rewarded,’ declares the LORD, ‘and they will return from the land of the enemy. There is hope for your future,’ declares the LORD,” reports Jeremiah 31.16-17. Sometimes, no matter how hard we pray or how long we stand in faith, things do not turn out as we had hoped. Some are praying to lose weight, for their marriages to be restored, to be spared from the pandemic, for a financial bless, for a new home in Cresleigh Ranch; others are asking God to heal a business situation or a rift between coworkers. I encourage people to persevere, to continue praying and believing for good things to happen. However, we must also understand that God will not change another person’s will. He had given every human being free will to choose which way one will go, whether to do right or wrong. One may be heartbroken over not ending up on America’s Next Top Model, or over a failed relationship, or a bankrupt business, but one does not need to stay heartbroken. Do not carry around all that hurt and pain year after year. Do not let rejection fester inside you. God has something new in store for you. #RandolphHarris 7 of 18
When God allows one door to close, He will open another door for you, revealing something bigger and better. The Christian Bible says that God will take the evil the enemy brings into our lives, and if we will keep the right attitude, He will turn it around and use it for our good. “As for you, you thought evil against me, but God meant if for good, to bring about that many people should be kept alive, as they are this day,” reports Genesis 50.20. God wants to take those disappointments and turn them into reappointments. However, understand, whether you will experience all those good things in your future depends to a large extent on your willingness to let go of the past. Never put a question mark where God has put a period. Avoid the tendency to dwell on what you could have done, which career you should have pursued, or that person you wish you would have married. Quit living in a negative frame of mind, stewing about something that is over and done. Focus on what you can change, rather than what you cannot. Do not let the regrets of yesterday destroy the hopes and dreams of tomorrow. You cannot do anything about what is gone, but you can do a great deal about what remains. You may have made some poor choices that have caused you awful heartache and pain. Perhaps you feel that you have blown it, that your life is in shambles and beyond repair. You may feel disqualified from God’s best, convinced that you must settle for leftover the rest of your life because of poor decisions you made or because of the family you were born into. Sometimes, even worse, you may not have been the person who made the bad choices, but somebody’s foolish decision caused you to experience wrenching heartache and pain. #RandolphHarris 8 of 18
Regardless, you must stop dwelling on what went wrong. Let the past be in the past. Forgive the person who caused you heartache and pain and start with a fresh slate right where you are today. If you continue to harp on those past disappointments, you will block God’s blessings in your life today. It is simply not worth it. Beyond that, God desires your restoration even more than you do! Live in obedience to God, and God eventually will help you to level up. It is not game over. Maybe you have invested a lot of time, effort, money, emotion, and energy in a relationship; you did your best to make it work out. However, for some reason, things got off course, and now you feel as though you have been robbed. You must feel devastated, heartbroken, disappointed. How long are you going to mourn over that failed relationship? How long are you going to grief over your broken dreams? How long are you going to cry about your dream house being sold at auction? That is the problem with excessive mourning. When we focus on our disappointments, we stop God from bringing fresh new blessings in our lives. If you will quit mourning and get going, God will show you new, and better things. When you have a fresh new attitude, and put a smile on your face, God can always come up with a more superior plan. Get that spring back in your step, that bounce back in your hair, and that charismatic light back in your eyes and be on your way. If we wallow in the mud and focus on our disappointments, we risk missing out on the new things God wants to do in our lives. It is time to get up and get going. It is time to be successful. God has another plan for you. And it is better than you can imagine! #RandolphHarris 9 of 18
Do what you can, My dear friend, to find out what the trouble is. If you go about it in an honest way, you will make two discoveries: how much infirmity has wormed its way into your soul and how much goodness and grace you can get out of Jesus Christ. On their own, the Anxious are often frigid, dense, not all that devout. With Jesus Christ as Companion and Friend, they are becoming fervent, responsive and the devotion returns. I once taught a class in human values. One of the deepest values that kept cropping up was love. One day when we were talking about love, I sensed a peculiar tension and uneasiness in Jensen. I asked him if he would like to add anything to what we had been saying. He was flushed and replied that, although he had been a Christian ever since he could remember, he had never felt lovable. Somehow he had gotten the idea that he was a depraved, unattractive, and unlovable person. He reported that he knew in his head that God and others loved him, but he had managed to insulate himself from ever experiencing directly his “lovability” and “loveliness.” In fact, he had developed a habit of discounting people’s compliments and erasing from his mind the good feedback that he received. I invited Jensen to sit in the middle of the circle the class formed. Then I looked him straight in the eye and told he that I felt love for him. Gradually, other members of the class began to share their good feedback and caring feelings for him. Some even got up from their seats and walked over to hug him. He felt overwhelmed—at first with embarrassment, then with joy. Tears streamed down his face. I sensed that there was another way of expanding the awareness that was dawning on him. #RandolphHarris 10 of 18
I had him stand up on his chair and say: “I am lovable.” At first he said it very timidly, and the class got after him for discounting himself again. Again and again he tried saying it. Then somehow he began to experience firsthand the real meaning of what he was saying. He stood up straighter, took a deep breath, and shouted: “I am lovable!” Again and again he shouted it with tears welling down his face. When he got back down, the whole class cheered and applauded. Many in the class reported that they, too, had never felt as much in touch with the power of being loved as they had in those moments. Many weeks later Jensen told that class that his “lovability” experience had been a turning point for him. Now he was becoming more aware of his worthy, his right, and his potential for a fulfilling life. We must have security in being ourselves and in feeling significant and worthwhile before we will dare to reach and touch the World in a caring way. This has the effect of providing us with a sense of power out of which we can choose to love. This, we can put away the childish manipulations of pleasing and placating and take up the more actualizing forms of love: affirming and caring. When we begin to learn how to love ourselves, we discover that we have new energy and courage to reach out in love to others. And, paradoxically, love can only be kept when it is given freely to others. The glimpse is a memorable experience, but it is not enough. It shows one a possible future, gives one a new World-view, but one must henceforth bring all that into one’s everyday life and into one’s whole being. These needs time. practice, patience, vigilance, self-training, and more sensitivity. #RandolphHarris 11 of 18
Wisdom does not come overnight. It needs time to ripen. However, Relvelation can come in that way. However, its recipient will still need time to adjust to it, and to integrate with it. What one has learned from the glimpse must be applied to life, to action, and attitude. It is not enough merely to enjoy its memory, as if it made no difference. The deep changes in our views of nature, evolution, progress, time, and space begin coming together as our Third Wave culture emphasizes contexts, relationships, and wholes. We now focus on total, rather than fragmentary, look at problems. Emphasizing the feedback relationships among subsystems and the larger wholes formed by these units, systems thinking has had a pervasive cultural impact. Its language and concepts have been employed by social scientists and psychologists, by philosophers and foreign policy analysts, by logicians and linguists, by engineers and administrators. However, the advocates of systems theory are not the only ones in the past few decades who have urged a more integrative way of looking at problems. The revolt against narrow overspecialization also received a boost from the environmental campaigns of the 2000’s, as ecologists increasingly rediscovered the “web” of nature, the interrelatedness of species, and the wholeness of ecosystems. Non-environmentalists tend to want to separate things into components and to solve one thing at a time. By contrast, Environmentalists tend to see things quite differently. Their instinct is to balance the whole, not to solve a single part. The ecological approach and the systems approach overlap and share the same thrust toward synthesis and the integration of knowledge. #RandolphHarris 12 of 18
In universities, meanwhile, more and more calls are heard for interdisciplinary thinking. While departmental barriers still block the cross-fertilization of ideas and the integration of information in most universities, this demand for inter- or multi-disciplinary work is now so widespread it has an almost ritual quality. These changes in intellectual life are mirrored elsewhere in the culture as well. Eastern religions, for example, have long had a tiny fringe following among the European middle classes, but it was not until the disintegration of industrial society began in earnest that thousands of Western young people started lionizing Indian swamis, jamming the Astrodome to hear a 16-year-old guru, listening to ragas, opening Hindu-style vegetarian restaurants, and dancing down Fifth Avenue. The World, they suddenly chanted, was not broke into Cartesian chips: it has a “oneness.” In the field of mental health, psychotherapists have been searching for ways to cure the “whole person” by employing gestalt therapy. A gestalt explosion is erupting as the establishment of gestalt therapists and institutions are springing up in the Untied States of America. Enlightened people do not want to be angry and broken and always unhappy. The goal of this activity is to increase human potential through the process of integration of the individual’s sensory awareness, perceptions, and relationships with the outside World. In medicine, a “holistic health” movement has sprung up based on the notion that the well-being of the individual depends on an integration of the physical, the spiritual, and the mental. Mixing quackery with serious medical innovation, the movement has regained enormous strength in this first quarter century. #RandolphHarris 13 of 18
A few decades ago, it would have been unthinkable for the federal government to lend its sponsorship to a conference on health that featured such topics as faith healing, religion, iridology, acupressure, cupping, meditation, and electromedicine. Since then there has been a virtual explosion of interest in alternative healing methods and systems, all of which go under the name of holistic healing. With so much activity, on so many different levels, it is hardly surprising that the terms “wholism” or “holism” should have crept into the popular vocabulary. Today they are used almost indiscriminately. A World Bank expert calls for “a holistic understanding of urban shelter.” A research group in the United States of Congress demands a long-range holistic” studies. A curriculum expert claims to employ “holistic reading and scoring” in teaching school children to write. And several Beverly Hills gyms offer “holistic exercise.” Each of these movements, fads, and cultural currents are different. However, their common element is clear. All of them represent an attack on the assumption that the whole can be understood by studying the parts in isolation. Their thrust is summed up in the words of philosopher Ervin Laszlo, a leading systems theorist: we are “part of interconnection, or short-rage projects and limited controllabilities may lead us to our own destruction.” This attack on the fragmentary, on the partial and analytic has grown so fierce, in fact, that many fanatic “holists” blithely forget the parts in their pursuit of the ineffable whole. The result is not wholism at all but yet another fragmentation. Their wholism is halfism. #RandolphHarris 14 of 18
More thoughtful critics, however, seek to balance the old Second Wave analytic skills with a much greater emphasis on synthesis. This idea is perhaps most clearly expressed by ecologist Eugene P. Odum in urging his colleagues to combine wholism with reductionism—to look at whole systems as well as their parts. “As components are combined to produce larger functional wholes,” he declared when he and his more famous brother, Howard, jointly won the Prix de l’Institut de la Vie, “new properties emerge that were not present or not evident at the next level below. This is not to say that we abandon reductionist science, since a great deal of good has resulted for humankind from this approach,” but that the time has come to give equal backing to studies of “large-scale integrated systems.” Taken together, systems theory, ecology, and the generalized emphasis on wholistic thinking—like our changing conceptions of time and space—are part of the cultural attack on the intellectual premises of Second Wave civilization. That attack reaches its culmination, however, in the emerging new view of why things happen as they do: the new causality. Strictly speaking, there is no such thing as a simple form of government. A single leader must have subordinate magistrates; a popular government must always have a leader. Thus in the distribution of the executive power there is always a gradation from the greater to lesser number, with the difference that sometimes the greater number depends on the few, and sometimes the few depend on the greater number. At times the distribution is equal, either when the constitutive parts are in a state of mutual dependence, as in the government of England; or when authority of each part is independent but imperfect, as in Poland. This latter form is bad, since there is no unity in government and the state lacks a bond of unity. #RandolphHarris 15 of 18
Which one is better, a simple or a mixed form of government? A question much debated among political theorists, to which the same reply must be given that I gave above regarding every form of government. In itself the simple form of government is the best, precisely because it is simple. However, when the executive power is not sufficiently dependent upon the legislative power, that is to say, when there is more of a ratio between the prince and the sovereign than between the people and the prince, this defect in the proportion must be remedied by diving the government; for then all of its parts have no less authority over the subjects, and their division makes all of them together less forceful against the sovereign. The same disadvantage can also be prevented through the establishment of intermediate magistrates, who, by being utterly separate from the government, serve merely to balance the two powers and to maintain their respective rights. In that case, the government is not mixed; it is tempered. The opposite difficulty can be remedied by similar means. And when the government is too slack, tribunals can be set up to give it a concentrated focus. This is done in all democracies. In the first case the government is divided in order to weaken it, and in the second to strengthen it. For the maximum of force and weakness are found equally in the simple forms of government, while the mixed forms of government provide an intermediate amount of strength. Communism has a fanatic hostility to all spiritual enlightenment and is inspired by the same dark forces that inspired the fanatic hostility of Nazism. This inner war between good and evil goes on at all times; the military World war was but a dramatic outward representation of it. The dangers to which humanity was exposed to did not vanish. #RandolphHarris 16 of 18
Those unseen powers still exist. What they could not achieve through a straightforward conflict, they will desperately try to achieve through a confused one. This indeed is the next phase of experience through which we are going though an which we have to endure. Fear came because of the evil report. Fear is belief in the enemy. When one is afraid something will happen, that means one believes it will happen. If one is afraid something bad will happen, that means one has more faith in the adversary’s ability to hinder one than one has in God’s ability to put one over. “Let us therefore fear. We can insert the word believe here. Let us therefore believe, lest, a promise being left us of entering into one’s rest, any of you should seem to come short of it. For unto us was the gospel preached, as well as unto them: but the word preached did not profit them, not being mixed with faith in them that heard it,” reports Hebrew 4.1-2. The Word preached did not profit them because it was not mixed with faith. They did not mix faith with what they heard. When we pray, we must mix faith with our words. Just saying words is not prayer. Mix faith with your words. In Mark 11.24 Jesus tells us to believe that we receive our desires when we pray. One translation says, “Believe that you received them.” If I do that when I pray, I must mix faith with my words: Father, I thank You for You have heard me and I believe that I have received. Someone says, “Why do you not just believe it and not say anything?” Here are five reasons. One shall have whatsoever one saith (Mark 11.23). Out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks (Matthew 12.34). We also believe, and therefore speak (2 Corinthians 4.13). So then faith come by hearing, and hearing by the word of God (Romans 10.17). For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without work is dead also (James 2.26). Your words are the spirit of your faith. #RandolphHarris 17 of 18
May the blessing of light be on you, light without and light within. May the blessed sunshine shine on you and warm your heart till it glows like a great peat fire so that the stranger may come and warm oneself at it, and also a friend. And may the light shine out of the two eyes of you, like a candle set in the two windows of a house, budding the wanderer come in out of the storm; and may the blessings of the rain be on you—the soft, sweet rain. May it fall upon your spirit so that all the little flowers may spring up and shed their sweetness on the air. And may the blessings of the Great Rains be so on you, may the beat upon your spirit and wash it fair and clean, and leave there many a shining pool where the blue of Heaven shines, and sometimes a star. And may the blessing of the Earth be on you—the great round Earth; may you ever have a kindly greeting for those you pass as you are going along the roads. May the Earth be soft under you when you rest upon it, tired at the end of a day, and may it rest easy over you when at the last, you lay under it; may it rest so lightly over you that your soul may be off from under it quickly and up and off, and on its way to God. And now may the Lord bless you all and bless you kindly. Return in mercy to America, Thy city, and dwell therein as Thou hast promised. Rebuild it in our own day as an enduring habitation, and speedily set up therein the throne of the king. Blessed art Thou, who rebuilds America. Cause the dynast of America soon to flourish and may it be exalted through Thy saving power, for we daily await Thy deliverance. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who causes salvation to come forth. Hear our voice, O Lord our God, have compassion upon us and receive our prayers in loving favour for Thou, O God, hearkenest unto prayers and supplications. Turn us not from Thy presence without Thy blessing, O our King, for Thou hearest the prayers of Thy people America with compassion. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who hearkenest unto prayer. #RandolphHarrus 18 of 18
Cresleigh Homes
With 4 bedrooms and 3 bathrooms, Mills Station Residence 4 is the largest home in the community…
But sometimes you just need a tiny guest house for the smallest visitors. 👶 But don’t worry; we’re keeping a watchful eye from the porch!
Estimated Completion for this Home: December 2021
4051 Audris Way, Rancho Cordova, 95742
Homesite 40 at Mills Station is a Residence Four, boasting 2,692 square feet as the largest home in the community. The open concept design includes four bedrooms, three and one half bathrooms, two car garage plus workshop, and a covered California Room perfect for outdoor entertaining. https://cresleigh.com/mills-station/new-home-rancho-cordova-homesite-40/
He is So Snobbish He Has an Unlisted Zip Code Number!
Around 95 percent of what is known about the brain has been learned in the past 30 years. How do biological theorists explain abnormal behaviour? Adopting a medical perspective, biological theorists view abnormal behaviour as an illness brought about by malfunctioning parts of the organism. Typically, they point to a malfunctioning brain as the cause of abnormal behaviour, focusing particularly on problems in brain anatomy or brain chemistry. The average brain weighs 3 pounds, and is 80 percent water. What is interesting is the liver weighs a pound more than the brain. While the brain accounts for only about 2 percent of the human weight, it requires about 25 percent of the oxygen intake. The brain is made up of approximately 100 billion nerve cells, called neurons, and thousands of billions of support cells, called glia (from the Greek meaning “glue”). Within the brain large groups of neurons form distinct areas, or brain regions. To identify the regions of the brain more easily, let us imagine them as continents, countries, and states. At the bottom of the brain is the “continent” knows as the hindbrain, which is in turn made up of countrylike regions called the medulla, pons, and cerebellum. In the middle of the brain is the “continent” called the midbrain. And at the top is the “continent” called the forebrain, which consists of countrylike regions called the cerebrum (the two cerebral hemispheres), the thalamus, and the hypothalamus, each in turn made up of statelike regions. The cerebrum, for instance, consists of the cortex, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala. The neurons in each of these brain regions control important functions. The hippocampus helps control emotions and memory, for example. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20
Clinical researchers have discovered connections between certain psychological disorders and problems in specific areas of the brain. One such disorder is Huntington’s disease, a disorder marked by violent emotional outbursts, memory loss, suicidal thinking, involuntary body movements, and absurd beliefs. This disease has been traced to a loss of cells in the basal ganglia. Biological researchers have also learned that psychological disorders can be related to problems in the transmission of messages from neuron to neuron. Information spreads throughout the brain in the form of electrical impulses that travel from one neuron to one or more others. An impulse is first received by a neuron’s dendrites, antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron. From there it travels down the neuron’s axon, a long fiber extending from the neuron body. Finally, it is transmitted to other neurons through the nerve endings, at the far end of the neuron. However, how to messages get from the nerve endings of one neuron to the dendrites of another? After all, the neurons do not actually touch each other. A tiny space, called the synapse, separates one neuron from the next, and the message must somehow move across that space. When an electrical impulse reaches a neuron’s ending, the nerve ending is stimulated to release a chemical, called a neurotransmitter, that travels across the synaptic space to receptors on the dendrites of the adjacent neurons. Upon reception, some neurotransmitters tell the receiving neurons to “fire,’ that is, to trigger their own electrical impulse. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20
Other neurotransmitters carry an inhibitory message; they tell receiving neurons to stop all firing. Obviously, neurotransmitters play a key role in moving information through the brain. Researchers have identified dozens of neurotransmitters in the brain, and they have learned that each neuron uses only certain kinds. Studies indicate that abnormal activity by certain neurotransmitters can lead to specific mental disorders. Certain anxiety disorders, for example, have been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), schizophrenia has been linked to excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine, and depression has been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. Perhaps low serotonin activity is responsible for some people’s pattern of depression and rage. In addition to focusing on neurons and neurotransmitters, researchers have learned that mental disorders are sometimes related to abnormal chemical activity in the body’s endocrine system. Endocrine glands, located throughout the body, work along with neurons to control such vital activities as growth, reproduction, pleasures of the flesh, heart rate, body temperature, energy, and responses to stress. The glands release chemicals called hormones into the bloodstream, and these chemicals then propel body organs into action. During times of stress, for example, the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, secrete the hormone cortisol. Abnormal secretions of this chemical have been tied to anxiety and mood disorders. Studies of twins suggest that some aspects of behaviour and personality are influenced by genetic factors. Many identical twins are found to have similar tastes, behave in similar ways, and make similar life choices. Some even develop similar abnormal behaviours. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20
People often associate eating disorders with adolescence. However, cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are easily found among those in their 20s and 30s. Somewhat surprisingly, many of these people are able to maintain at least the semblance of normal adult relations through marriage and child rearing. However, the marriages of people with eating disorders are sadly distressed. Physical intimacy is a problematic theme in the literature on marriage and eating disorders. For example, an examination of case records from a large sample of patients with anorexia nervosa showed that among those who were married, only 10 percent indicated some interest in matter dealing with pleasures of the flesh, and 72 percent indicated active avoidance of activities dealing with pleasures of the flesh. There was also a high degree of conflict surrounding pleasures of the flesh and conflict avoidance in these patients’ families of origin. Here again, there is reason to suspect that problems bred in earlier family-of-origin interactions were transported into the marital relationships of these women with anorexia nervosa. It is unfortunate that these problems with physical intimacy in the marital relationship persist several years after remission of an eating disorder. Approximately 40 percent of the women in this study sample had clinically significant disorder in pleasures of the flesh with their mates, despite being asymptomatic for 2 years on average. They also noted that diminished involvement in marital (or any romantic/pleasure of the flesh) relationship was more common among people who had anorexia nervosa than among those with bulimia nervosa or control subjects without eating disorders. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20
Marital problems have also been documented in the marriages of people with bulimia nervosa, however. Compared to healthy controls, people with bulimia nervosa report greater marital distress. In fact, the degree of distress in these marriages did not differ significantly from those of people seeking marital therapy. Assessments from these spouses during the investigation were also suggestive of marital distress. The women with bulimia nervosa in the study exhibited poor problem-solving skills and conflict avoidance, which may partially explain the state of their marriages. Taken as a whole, currently available evidence indicates that the other personal relationships of people with eating disorders are as disturbed as their family-of-origin relationships. They tend to hold dysfunctional attitudes toward love and romance, and, in the case of anorexia nervosa, avoidance of physical intimacy and involvement. The quest for self-verification may cause people with eating disorders to seek the very interpersonal responses that will worsen their condition. Among those who do get married, relational distress is still evident. It is impossible to overlook the potential connections between the distressed relationships in the families of origin and the adult romantic or marital relations of people with eating disorders. In many instances, people with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa appear to be set up for interpersonal trouble by their experiences in their families of origin. As noted earlier, these family interactions are often marked by poor handling of conflict, excessive cohesion, and what are sometimes gross boundary violations. Not surprisingly, children from such households go on to develop possessive and dependent attitudes toward love, poor conflict resolution skills, and fearful avoidance of physical intimacy. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20
The implications for satisfaction with personal relationships are obvious. And if their own personal problems were not enough of a barrier to healthy relationships, other people appear reluctant and uncomfortable getting involved in a close relationship with those who have eating disorders. “Have you not known? Have you not heard? The everlasting God, the Lord, the Creator of the ends of the Earth, does not faint or grow weary; there is no searching of His understanding. He gives power to the faint and weary, and to one who has no might He increased strength [causing it to multiply and making it to abound]. Even youths shall faint and be weary, and [selected] young people shall feebly stumble and fall exhausted; but those who wait for the Lord [who expect, look for, and hope in Him] shall change and renew their strength and power; they shall lift their wings and mount up [close to God] as eagles [mount up to the sun]; they shall run and not be weary, they shall walk and not faint or become tired,” reports Isaiah 40.28-31. All of us face disappointments from time to time. No matter how much faith one has or how good a person one is, sooner or later, something (or somebody!) will shake your faith to its foundations. It may be something simple, such as not getting that promotion you really hoped for; not closing the big sale that you worked on so hard; not qualifying for a loan to buy that Cresleigh Home in Havenwood you really wanted. Or, it may be something more serious—a marriage relationship falling apart, the death of a loved one, or an incurable, debilitating illness. Whatever it is, that disappointment possesses the potential to derail you and destroy your faith. That is why it is vital that you recognize in advance that disappointments will come, and that you learn how to stay on track and deal with them when they do. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20
God has given us more gifts than we know what to do with, He is our Beneficent and Munificent Friend. And He has done the same to all others who have received Him in the Sacrament. It is no wonder, then, that we think up more names for Him, or God. Protector of Human Infirmities. Purveyor of Internal Consolations. As proof od His goodness, as if we needed yet another one, is His grafting of consolation onto tribulation. The resulting staff can then be used to ward off various harms. When my interior acropolis crumbled and I despaired in the rubble, God gave me hope. Using new grace, God restored the scaffolding and relit the sconces. Looking forward, before they receive Communion, some Devouts feel anxious; that is to say, their souls feel like stones, they have lost all their affections. Then comes the Communion. Looking back, after dining on the Heavenly Food and Drink, they find themselves changed for the better. Often, defeating disappointments and letting go of the past are flip sides of the same coin, especially when you are disappointed in yourself. When one does something wrong, it is important not to hold on to it and beat oneself up about it. Admit it, seek forgiveness, and move on. Be hasty to let go of one’s mistakes and failures, hurts, pains, and sins. The disappointments that disturb us the most, however, are usually those caused by other people. Many individuals who have been hurt by others are missing out on their new beginnings because they keep reopening old wounds. However, no matter what we have gone through, no matter how unfair it was, or how disappointed we were, we must release it and let it go. Someone may have walked out on you. Someone may have done you a great wrong. You may have prayed fervently for a loved one’s life to be saved, yet your loved one died. Leave that with God and go on with your life. The Christian Bible says, “The secret things belong to the LORD,” reports Deuteronomy 29.29. Leave them there. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20
God is far more accepting of our real weaknesses than more of us realize. As the Psalmist said: “As a father has compassion on His children, so has the Lord compassion on all who fear Him. For He knows our frame; He remembers that we are dust,” reports Psalm 103.13-14. It is in owning our weaknesses that we have access to the presence of God. He welcomes those who confess their need. And the greatest need is for communion with God. In the New Testament both James and Peter reiterate the Old Testament theme: “God is opposed to the proud, but gives grace to the humble,” (James 4.6; I Peter 5.5). If we desire to encounter and surrender to God, we must become aware of our helplessness. We must experience the reality that on our own part, if apart from God’s plan and resources, we will live a partial and fragmented life. This is why the Christian Bible, from Genesis through Revelation, emphasizes that God meets face to face with those of a humble heart, while resisting people who are rigid and controlling in their arrogance. However, here we must make a distinction between humbling ourselves, on the one hand, and becoming helpless, servile, and self-effacing on the other. While the Scriptures advocate a certain childlike openness and honesty in relating to God and others, they do not teach us to remain fixated at an immature level of development. This is what the Helpless Christian does not understand. So one gets stuck at the infantile stage of psychological and spiritual development. However, in order to restore the rhythm of growth, the manipulative tactics of withdrawing and avoiding need to be transformed into the actualizing qualities of feeling vulnerable and empathizing. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20
Getting in touch with one’s own helplessness, pain, and vulnerability is an excellent way to develop the quality of empathy toward others. This particular quality, expressed at its finest in Jesus Christ, made Him so approachable by the common people and by little children. Disappointments almost always accompany setbacks. When you suffer loss, nobody expects you to be an impenetrable rock or an inaccessible island in the sea. Not even God expects you to be so touch that you simply ignore the disappointments in life, shrugging them off as though you are impervious to pain. No, when we experience failure or loss, it is natural to feel remorse or sorrow. That is the way God made us. If you lose your job, most likely you are going to experience a strong sense of disappointment. If you go through a broken relationship, that is going to hurt. If you lose loved one, there is a time of grieving, a time of sorrow. That is normal and to be expected. However, if you are still grieving and feeling sorrow over a disappointment that took place a year or more ago, something is wrong! You re hindering your future. Your must make a decision that you are going to move one. It will not happen automatically. You will have to rise up and say, “I do not care how hard this is I am not going to let this get the best of me.” The enemy loved to deceive us into wallowing in self-pity, fretting, feeling sorry for ourselves, or having a chip on our shoulders. “Why did this happen to me?” “I got played.” “They took my money.” “God must not love me. He did not answer my prayers.” “Why did my marriage end in divorce?” “Why am I so evil and jealous?” “Why did not things work out in my life?” Such questions may be valid and may even be helpful to consider for a season, but after that, quit waiting your time trying to figure out something you cannot change. It is time to move on and start living a successful life now. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20
They are the true disciples of Christ, not who know must, but who love most. The love end of the anger/love polarity is expressed verbally with phrases such as “I am interested,” “I am attracted,” “I care,” and “I care tenderly.” The actualizing Christian has access to the experience and effective expression of these several intensities of love. Loving tenderness is a need all people have, and yet in American culture such expression is often discouraged. You must first receive before one has anything to give. If one has not received tender and affectionate feelings from parents, friends, or the Lord, then it is understandable that one may have difficulty dealing with these feeling. It is one thing to “know” in one’s head that one is loved; it is another thing to “feel” it in one’s heart. Most of us have been damaged to some extent by well-intentioned parents who firmly believed they loved us, yet did not know how to effectively communicate that love through cuddling, praise, and affirmation. If a child lives with encouragement, one learns confidence. If a child lives with praise, one learns to appreciate. If a child lives with fairness, one learns justice. If a child lives with fairness, one learns justice. If a child lives with security, one learns to have faith. If a child lives with approval, one learns to like oneself. If a child lives with acceptance and friendship, one learns to find love in the World. All of the foregoing lends credence to the idea that, in experiencing love developmentally, people also learn to love. It is in being loved that one learns to love. However, sometimes the very deprivation of love in growing up can become a strong motivator in learning how to go about giving and receiving love as an adult. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20
The person who has not been adequately loved can become especially sensitive to the need for love in the World. Not taking love for granted, this person may grow substantially in one’s lifetime in the ability to love self and others. It seems possible, then, that both satisfaction and deprivation of one’s needs to feel loved and apricated can become tutors in the art of learning to love. It is not simply what happens developmentally that determines one’s personhood, but rather what one does about it through awareness and choice. It is self-knowledge, facilitated by the presence of the Holy Spirit in one’s life, that enables one to discover needs and wants and to make them known in the loving relationships of later years. This provides a second chance to actualize oneself in becoming a sensitive and loving human being. Human beings really do want to love one another but just do not know how to go about it. The actualizing Christian learns to accept responsibility for finding out how to get the flow of love going in one’s life. Even though one’s need for feeling loved may never be fully met in this life, one can go a long way toward learning to love oneself, feeling God’s love, and daring to risk loving others. This is the meaning of “Underneath are the everlasting arms.” Dear Lord in Heaven, I know that I cannot change a single thing about the past, but I can choose how I will live in the future. Please help me to build my faith, Father, to believe that You will bring good even out of those circumstances I do not understand. I choose to trust You for good things in the days ahead. “Thou wilt keep one in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because one trusteth in thee,” reports Isaiah 26.3 #RandolphHarris 11 of 20
The many changes in the present and in the future in our conception of time also blast holes in our theoretical understanding of space, since the two are tightly interwoven. However, we are altering our image of space in more immediate ways as well. We are changing the actual spaces in which all of us live, work, and play. How we get to work, how far and how frequently we travel, where we live—all these influence our experience of space. And all these are changing. In fact, as the Third Wave plays out, we have entered a new phase in humanity’s relationship to space. The First Wave, which spread agriculture around the World, brought with it, as we saw earlier, permanent farming settlements in which most people lived out their entire lives within a few miles of their birthplace. Agriculture introduced a stay-put, spatially intensive existence, and fostered intensely local feelings—the village mentality. Second Wave civilization, by contrast, concentrated huge populations in great cities and, because it needed to draw resources from afar and to distribute goods at a distance, it bred mobile people. The culture it produced was spatially extensive and city- or nation- rather than village-centered. The Third Wave alters our spatial experience by dispersing rather than concentrating population. While millions of people continue to pour into urban areas in the still-industrializing parts of the World, all the high-technology countries are already experiencing a reversal flow. Tokyo, London, Zurich, Glasgow, and dozens of major cities are all losing population while middle-sized or smaller cities are showing gains. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20
The American Council of Life Insurance declares: “Some urban experts believe that the major U.S. city is a thing of the past.” Fortune magazine reports that “transportation and communication technology has cut the cords that bound big corporations to the traditional headquarters cities.” And Business Week entitles an article “The Prospect of a Nation With No Important Cities.” This redistribution of and de-concentration of population will, in due time, alter our assumptions and expectations about personal as well as social space, about acceptable commuting distances, about housing density, and many other things. In addition to such changes, the Third Wave also appears to be generating a new outlook that is intensely local, yet global—even galactic. Everywhere we find a new concentration on “community” and “neighbourhood,” on local politics and local ties at the same time that large numbers of people—often the same ones who are most locally oriented—concern themselves with global issues and worry about famine not only 10,000 miles away, but also in the central cities. As advanced communications proliferate and we begin to shift work back into the electronic cottage, we will encourage this new dual focus, breeding large numbers of people who remain reasonably close to home, who migrate less often, who travel more perhaps for pleasure but far less often for business—while their minds and messages range across the entire planet and into outer space as well. The Third Wave mentality combines concern for near and far. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20
We are also rapidly adopting more dynamic and relativistic images of space. I have in my office several large blowups of satellite and U-2 photographs of New York City and the surrounding area. The satellite phots look like fantastical beautiful abstractions, the sea a deep green the coastline detailed against it. The U-2 photo shows that city infrared, and in such exquisite detail that the Metropolitan Museum and even individual planes parked on the ramps at La Guardia Airport are clearly visible. Referring to the planes at La Guardia, I asked a Nasa official if, by further enlarging the photos, one could actually see the stipes or symbols painted on the wings. He looked at me with amused tolerance and corrected me. “The rivets,” he replied. However, we are no longer limited to exquisitely refined still pictures. Satellites permits us to look at a living map—an animated display—of a city or a country and watch the activities on it as they are taking place. The map is no longer a static representation but a movie—indeed an X ray in motion, since it now shows not merely what is on the surface of the Earth but also reveals, layer by layer, what lies blow the surface and above it at each level of altitude. It also provides a sensitive, continually changing image of terrain and our relationships to it. At tone time, the most common map used by most of the World was based on Mercator’s projection. Now people use Google Maps, a digital form of a map, where one can zoom in on any community and look at it, or look at the comprehensive map. Scandinavia is no longer distorted to be larger than India. In the past, the distortions of the Mercator map fostered the arrogance of the industrial World in proper political, as well as cartographic perspective. Developing countries were once cheated with raged to their surface and their importance. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20
People were once shocked to see a map that showed the accurate sizes of Europe, Alaska, Canada, and Russia being much smaller than they were led to believe, and a much elongated South America, Africa, Arabia, and India. However, what this controversy underscores is the recognition that there is no single “right” map, but merely different images of space that serve different purposes. In the most literal sense, the Third Wave and technology had brought new ways of looking at the World. For a monarchial state to be capable of being well governed, its size or extent must be proportionate to the faculties of the one who governs. It is easier to conquer than to rule. With a long enough lever, it is possible for a single finger to make the World shake; but holding it in place requires the shoulders of Hercules. However small a state may be, the prince is nearly always too small for it. When, on the contrary, it happens that the state is too small for its leader, which is quite rare, it is still poorly governed, since the leaders, always pursuing one’s grand schemes, forgets the interests of the peoples, making them no less wretched through the abuse of talents one has too much of then does a leader who is limited for want of what one lacks. A kingdom must, so to speak, expand or contract with each reign, depending on the ability of the prince. On the other hand, since the talents of a senate have a greater degree of stability, the state can have permanent boundaries without the administration working any less well. The most obvious disadvantage of the government of just one human is the lack of that continuous line of succession which forms an unbroken bond of unity in the other two forms of government. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20
When one king dies, another is needed. Elections leave dangerous intervals and are stormy. And unless the citizens have a disinterested and integrity that seldom accompanies this form of government intrigue and corruption enter the picture. It is difficult for one to whom the state has sold itself not to sell it in turn, and reimburse oneself at the expense of the weak for the money extorted from one by the powerful. Sooner or later everything becomes venal under such an administration, and in these circumstances, the peace enjoyed under kinds is worse than the disorders of the interregna. What has been done to prevent these ills? In certain families, crowns have been made hereditary, and an order of succession has been established which prevents all dispute when kinds die. That is to say, by substituting the disadvantage of regencies for that of elections, an apparent tranquility has been preferred to a wise administration, the risk of having children, monsters, or imbeciles for leaders has been preferred to having to argue over the choice of good kings. No consideration has been given to the fact that in being thus exposed to the risk of the alternative, nearly all the odds are against them. There was a lot of sense in what Dionysius the Younger said in reply to his father, who, while reproaching his son for some shameful actions, said “Have I given you such an example?” “Ah,” replied the son, “But your father was not king.” When a human has been elevated to command others, everything conspires to deprive one of justice and reason. A great deal of effort is made, it is said, to tech young princes the art of ruling. It does not appear that this education does them any good. It would be better to begin by teaching them the art of obeying. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20
The greatest kings whom history celebrates were not brought up to reign. It is a science one is never less in possession of than after one has learned too much, and that one acquires it better in obeying than in commanding. For the most useful as well as the shortest method of finding out what is good and what is bad is to consider what you would have wished for not wished to have happened under another prince. One result of this lack of coherence is the instability of the royal form of government, which, now regulated by one plan now by another according to the character of the ruling prince or of those who rule for one, cannot have a fixed object for very long or a consistent policy. This variation always causes the state to drift from maxim to maxim, from project to project, and does not take place in the other forms of government, where the prince is always the same. It is also apparent that in general, if there is more cunning in a royal court, there is more wisdom in a senate; and that republics proceed toward their objectives by means of policies that are more consistent and better followed. On the other hand, each revolution in the ministry produces a revolution in the state, since the maxim common to all ministers and nearly all kinds is to do the reverse of their predecessor in everything. From this same incoherence we drive the solution to a sophism that is very familiar to royalist political theorists. Not only is civil government compared to domestic government and the prince to the father of the family (an error already refuted), but this magistrate is also liberally given all the virtues one might need, and it is always presupposed that the prince is what he ought to be. With the help of this presupposition, the royal form of government is obviously preferable to any other, since it is unquestionably the strongest; and it lack only a corporate will that is more in conformity with the general will in order to be the best as well. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20
However, if according to Plato, a king by nature is such a rare person, how many times will nature and fortune converge to crown one; and if a royal education necessarily corrupts those who receive it, what is to be hoped from a series of humans who have been brought up to reign? Surely then it is deliberate self-deception to confuse the royal form of government with that of a good king. To see what this form of government is in itself, we need to consider it under princes who are incompetent or wicked, for either they come to the throne wicked or incompetent, or else these thrones makes them so. These difficulties have not escaped the attention of anyone one, but some people are not troubled by them. They remedy, they say, is to obey without murmur. God in his anger gives us bad kinds, and they must be endured as punishments from Heaven. No doubt this sort of talk is edifying, however I do not know but that it belongs more in a pulpit than in a book on political theory. What is to be said of a physician who promises miracles, and whose art consists entirely of exhorting one’s sick patient to practice patience? It is quite obvious that we must put up with a bad government when that is what we have. The question is how to find a good one. God told Israel He had given them the land, but they were to go in and possess it. The land belonged to them, yet they did not possess it for forty years because they believed more in circumstances than in God’s Word. “So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief,” reports Hebrews 3.19. The word of unbelief here literally means “disobedience.” God said to possess it, but they said, “We are not able.” So they did not obey God and they did not possess the land until all who doubted God had died. Out of the twelve spies, Joshua and Caleb were the only two that went in to possess the land. These two held fast to their confession: “We are well able to take the land.” For forty years, they held fast to that one confession and they got what they said. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20
Let us therefore hold fast to our confession of faith that we may possess those things that God says are ours. The promised land is not a type of Heaven, as some believe, but a type of success living on Earth. We are well able to enter in through faith. Hatred does not stop hatred. It ceases by compassion. If philosophy advocates the peaceful way of quickened evolution and dynamic progressivism as against the violent way of abrupt revolution, it is because it knows that the moral evils which are introduced by brutality—not to speak of the physical ones which inevitably follow from it—constitute too high a price for the benefits received. For if the latter tend to disappear, the former tend to become stabilized. A great social change which stimulated hatred, passion, selfishness, and materialism would negate the ultimate purpose which lies behind all social evolution—the spiritualization of human character. A better society, to be based on the goodwill and co-operation, cannot be reached by arousing hatred and selfishness. The defense that ends justify means is a self-deceptive one. It is for the votaries of philosophy to follow the right path and to abstain from brutal or bloody methods, especially as we know that whilst conditions create them, there will always be others who are naturally inclined towards the transplanted barbarism of Communism. Because their daily work keeps them in constant touch with nature, some people everywhere in the World have a more religious emotion and mystical feeling than the others. However, we must be careful of real evil. Brutal hatred and camouflaged materialism, as well as the selfish preservation of one’s own power can create a criminal leadership. And their years of sacrifice in blood and comfort will profit them nothing. They are sacrifices made in an evil cause. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20
Those whose whole attitude is quarrelsome and carping and hating and irresponsible can contribute only unscrupulous criticism and hysterical destruction towards life. They are eager to obstruct and even destroy, but never to create, to co-operate, or to build. The Communist leaders, as distinct from their blind dupes, are the poisonous scorpions of society. O God, creator of our land, our Earth, the trees, the animals and humans, all is for your honour. The drums beat it out, and people sing about it, and they dance with noisy joy that you are the Lord. You also have pulled the other continents out of the sea. What a wonderful World you have made out of wet mud, and what beautiful men and women! We thank you for all the beauty of this Earth. The grace of your creation is like a cool day between rainy seasons. We drink pure water in your creation with out eyes. We listen to the birds’ jubilee with our ears. How strong and good and sure your Earth smells, and everything that grows there. Please bless us. Please bless our land and people. Please bless our forests with mahogany, wawa, and cacao. Please bless our fields with cassava and peanuts. Please bless the waters that flow through out land. Please fill them with fish and drive great schools of fish to our seacoast, so that the fishermen and women in their unsteady boasts do not need to go out too far. Please be with us in our countries and in all Africa, and in the whole World. Please prepare us for the service that we should render. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, the King of judgment. As for slanderers, may their hopes come to naught, and may all wickedness perish. May all Thine enemies be destroyed. Do Thou uproot the dominion of arrogance; crush it and subdue it in our day. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who breakest the power of the enemy and bringest low the arrogant. May Thy tender mercies, O Lord our God, be stirred towards the righteous and the pious, towards the leaders of Thy people America, towards all the scholars that have survived, towards the righteous proselytes and towards us. Please grant Thy favour unto all who faithfully trust in Thee, and may our portion ever be with them. May we never suffer humiliation for in Thee do we put our trust. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who are the staff and trust of the righteous. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20
CRESLEIGH HAVENWOOD
Lincoln, CA | from the mid $600s
Now Selling!
No appointment needed! Cresleigh Havenwood features four distinct floor plans ranging from 2,293 – 3,489 square feet and offering up to five bedrooms.
Each plan has an articulated footprint that optimizes views, light gain and indoor/outdoor connectivity, experienced with arrival loggia, lounge and courtyard, and with the social core’s feature windows and sliding doors.
En suite design enhances the ground level bedroom/bath, and pantry, powder room and extra storage strengthen upscale quality.
Volume spaces visually open the home’s second level, adding light and interest to the turning stair, loft, and hall spaces. The loft and its spacious deck serve all retreat spaces, which include two secondary bedrooms and the owners’ suite, each designed to optimize privacy and natural light. https://cresleigh.com/havenwood/
I Wish I Could Help You. The Problem is that You are too Sick for Managed Care.
You cannot have a constitutional right to do something that is illegal. Although the community mental healthy approach has often failed to address the needs of the people with severe disorders, it has given rise to an important principle of mental health care—prevention. Rather than wait for psychological disorders to occur, many of today’s community programs try to correct the social conditions that give rise to psychological problems (poverty or violence in the community, for example) and to identity and help individuals who are at risk for developing emotional problems (for example, teenage mothers or the children of people with severe psychological disorders). However, community prevention programs are not always successful and they often suffer from limited funding, but they have grown in number throughout the United States of America and Europe, offering great promise as the ultimate form of intervention. In fact, during the 1990s, the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services labeled prevention as the nation’s number one health and social priority. Prevention programs have been further energized in the past few years by the field of psychology’s growing interest in positive psychology. Positive psychology is the study and enhancement of positive feelings such as optimism and happiness; positive traits like perseverance and wisdom; positive abilities such as interpersonal skill and other talents; and group-directed virtues, including altruism and tolerance. In the clinical arena, positive psychology suggests that practitioners can helps people best by promoting positive development and psychological wellness. While researchers study and learn more about positive psychology in the laboratory, a growing number of clinicians are already beginning to apply its principles in their work. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20
These specialists are teaching people coping skills that may help protect them from stress and adversity and encouraging them to become more involved in personally meaningful activities and relationships. In this way, the clinicians are trying to promote mental health and prevent mental disorders. Promotion and prevention programs are now being applied in many clinical areas. Such programs have been offered during pregnancy, unemployment, divorce, and other periods of significant stress and have targeted such problem areas as substance abuse, violence, disaster trauma, and depression. Although programs of this kind are promising and important, we must keep in mind that the clinical field “has yet to effectively prevent any major form of psychopathology.” The growing influence of insurance coverage—so many people now seek therapy that private insurance companies have changed their coverage for mental health patients. Today the dominant form of coverage is the managed care program—a program in which the insurance company determines such key issues as which therapist its clients may choose, the cost of sessions, and the number of sessions for which a client may be reimbursed. At least 75 percent of all privately insured persons in the United States of America are currently enrolled in managed care programs. The coverage for mental health treatment under such programs follows the same basic principles as coverage for medical treatment, including a limited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from, preapproval of treatment by the insurance company, strict standards for judging whether problems and treatments qualify for reimbursement, and ongoing reviews and assessments. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20
In the mental health realm, both therapists and clients typically dislike the managed care programs. They fear that the programs inevitably shorten the programs inevitably will shorten therapy (often for the worse), unfairly favour treatments whose results are not always lasting (for example, drug therapy), pose a special kind of hardship for those with severe mental disorders, and results in treatment determined by insurance companies rather than by therapist. A special program with insurance coverage—both managed care and other kinds of insurance programs—is that reimbursements for mental disorders tend to be lower than those for mental disorders. This disparity places persons with psychological difficulties at a distinct disadvantage in their efforts to overcome their problems and inevitably affect that quality and quantity of the treatment they seek. Recently the federal government and 35 states have passed so-called parity laws that direct insurance companies to provide equal coverage for mental and medical problems. It is not yet clear, however, whether these laws will indeed lead to better coverage and whether they will improve the treatment picture for people dealing with psychological problems. However, many people are choosing Kaiser Permanente for a health care provider because they like the fact that most every service a patient could need is provided under one roof, from laboratory work, medical doctor office visits, emergency and urgent care services, optometry, pediatrics, mental health care, X-ray, and many more services. In fact, with Kaiser, you do not need a referral for mental health and addiction care services. However, your personal care doctor can connect you with a therapist. Kaiser also has mental health care and addiction services are available for emergency care, meaning you do not need an appointment. If you are having a crisis, you can go to the hospital and receive treatment right away. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20
Mental health and money problems are often intricately linked. Our research shows that over 1.5 million people are experiencing both problem debt and mental health care problems. However, during this pandemic, President Biden will not give any government relief to the people. And California Governor Newsome excluded veterans, retired, and certain disabled people from his relief programs. People with problem debt are significantly more likely to experience mental health problems. Half the people in problem debt also have a mental health problem. Also, 86 percent of people with experience of mental health problems said that their financial situation had made their mental health problems worse. Almost one in five people with mental health problems are in problem debt. People experiencing mental health problems are three and a half times more likely to be in problem debt than people without mental health problems, and 72 percent of people said that their mental health problems had made their financial situation worse. One caustic interpersonal phenomenon that has received considerable interest in the literature on eating disorders is childhood sexual abuse. A common form of abuse reported by people with eating disorders childhood sexual abuse, represents a gross violation of boundaries, particularly when perpetrated in the family context. This abuse often causes guilt, confusion, repulsion, and distrust of others. These potentially vicious psychosocial repercussions can make intimate relations later in life very difficult. Contrasting findings and possible explanations—there is at least some evidence to suggest that histories of sexual abuse are more common among those with eating disorders, especially bulimia nervosa, than what would be expected by change alone. However, after numerous studies on the topic, findings remain mixed. For example, some estimates indicate that rates of childhood sexual abuse run as high as 70 percent among patients with eating disorders. One study of such patients found that 65 percent had experienced physical abuse, 28 percent had been sexually abused, and 23 percent had been raped. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20
Interpersonal communication (social skills) deficits as a mediating factor? Many investigators now view childhood sexual abuse as a risk or vulnerability factor in the development of eating disorders. Childhood sexual abuse, particularly incest, is expected to contribute to (and result from) dysfunctional family environments and parent-child attachments. The combination of these poor family environment variables with the sexual abuse is thought to inhibit the development of social competencies in a child. Social competencies are defined as a sense of self-efficacy, an ability to communicate emotional needs, an ability to experience intimacy, and the capacity to use relationships with other people to regulate negative affect. The failure to develop these basic social competencies is thought to be the casual link between sexual abuse and eating disorders. An eating disorder becomes the means by which a child develops a sense of self-efficacy and affective regulation, albeit through dysfunctional, noninterpersonal means. The results of the investigation provide compelling evidence for the validity of this model of eating disorders. For example, it was observed that eating disorders were are a rate of 39 percent among incest survivors, but only 17 percent among those with no childhood abuse. As an aside, the rate of eating disorders was 47 percent in the clinical sample of incest survivors, and 24 percent in the student sample with a history of incest, again suggesting higher rates of abuse in the background of clinical samples. Those incest survivors in this study who reported little emotional warmth and expressiveness from their mothers were most likely to have developed an eating disorder. Furthermore, people with a history of incest scored lower on a number of social competency indicators than did those with no history of childhood sexual abuse. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20
Incestuous family environments do not provide an adequate context for the development of social competencies and skills. The two lines of reasoning for this hypothesis are as follows. First, incest interferes with developmental processes by destroying the emotional comfort and “felt security” that allows for healthy attachment bonds. Thus children with a history of incestuous abuse have a difficult time forming attachment relationships with others. Sexual abuse may also interfere with interoceptive awareness, which is the ability to perceive and label internal emotional states and hunger. Those who are unaware of their own emotional reactions may have difficulty appropriately regulating their own social behaviour, and thus may have problems with developing social skills. Similar hypotheses involving social skills deficits are prevalent in the psychopathology literature more generally. However, an origin of those social skills deficits—namely, a dysfunctional family environment that includes sexual abuse. Although the literature on problematic social skills is not as extensive for eating disorders as it is for other mental health problems, there is some suggestive evidence of social skills problems in this population. For example, one theme that has been identified on multiple occasions is difficulty with assertion. This research group noted a strong negative correlation between eating disorder symptomatology and assertiveness. Similar findings show that women with anorexia nervosa tend to inhibit the expression of their thoughts and feelings when they are in conflict with those of other people. Clinical observations indicate that “eating-disordered clients typically have poor communication skills.” #RandolphHarris 6 of 20
The typical client has porous ego boundaries. She admits too much from others (in the form of opinions and requests), resulting in harsh introjects and a tendency to care take because she cannot tell where others’ needs leave off and hers begin. In a dissertation study, observed were deficits in social competence among women with eating disorders across such domains as relationships, family concerns, and academic concerns. This study is especially unusual in that the social competence assessments were based on behavioural observation. Another study had found evidence for social skills deficits of a different sort: Adolescent girls with eating disturbances and/or dietary restrictions are three to four times more likely to be involved in aggressive behaviours such as robbery with a weapon or aggravated robbery. Thus type of aggression against others is to be expected among those with a history of abuse. Though there would be great value in additional research on the social skills of people with eating disorders, there is at least tentative evidence at this time that they experience deficits in some social skills, and that these problems may be the developmental consequences of childhood sexual abuse. Precisely how childhood sexual abuse factors into the development of eating disorders may never be fully understood. This is because such abuse is hopelessly confounded with dysfunctional family environments. There is almost tautological relationship between the two phenomena. A family that either perpetrates or tolerates the sexual abuse of its children surely has other drastic problems. These other problems may be sufficient on their own to contribute to the development of eating disorders in such a family’s affected children. A vital study on this issue showed that even after family psychosocial factors (exempli gratia, family communication, parental monitoring, parental caring) were controlled for, youths who reported sexual abuse were still at increased risk for disordered eating. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20
Abuse is the mistreatment or neglect of others (such as a child or spouse, the elderly, or the disabled) in a way that causes physical, emotional, or sexual harm. At this time, childhood sexual abuse appears to be a risk factor for the later development of eating disorders. This relationship may be mediated by the poor social skills that result from a history of such abuse. Scientific research findings on family environments, mother-daughter relationships, and childhood sexual abuse point very clearly to the family of origin in the etiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The architecture of these families’ relationships and interactions patterns suggest considerable dysfunction. Extreme abnormal levels of adaptability, cohesion, and EE (emotional expression) are common in families of children with eating disorders. Excessive and inappropriate pressures for achievement are also evident in many of these families. There is reason to believe that the parents of children with eating disorders may actively and aggressively project their ambitions onto their children. A history of psychiatric problems is evident in as many as 48 percent of the families of patients diagnosed with either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Findings on mother-daughter relations show that girls with eating disorders often have mothers with elevated body image concerns, excessive dieting, and eating disorders of their own. Finally, childhood sexual abuse is evident in the backgrounds of some people with eating disorders. Although not necessary or sufficient for the development of eating disorders, this abuse is believed to impair the development of social competencies, leading to inappropriate eating as a mechanism for regaining control and regulating affect. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20
The Church’s position is that abuse cannot be tolerated in any form and that those who abuse will be accountable before God. The Lord expects us to do everything we can to prevent abuse and to protect and help victims. No one is expected to endure abusive behaviour. Reports of abuse should never be dismissed. Everyone should respond with compassion and sensitivity toward victims and their families. Those affected by abuse need to be heard and supported. Abuse may also violate the laws of society. The Church encourages the reporting of abuse to civil authorities, and Church leaders and members must fulfill all legal obligations to report abuse. In some places, leaders and teachers who serve with children are legally required to report abuse of children to civil authorities. In other places, any person who learns of the abuse of children, the elderly, or the disabled is legally required to tell civil authorities about the abuse. Leaders, family members, and friends should make every effort to stop abuse, find safety for the victim, and help the victim seek healing. Some victims may need help reporting abuse to law enforcement or to protective services. Victims may also need help through the healing process from professionals, including doctors and counselors. Most victims are abused by people they know. Such people can be spouses, family members, dating partners, friends, or other acquaintances. Victims should be assured that they are never to blame for the harmful behaviour of others—no matter who abuses them. A victim is not guilty. While some types of abuse may cause physical harm, all forms of abuse affect the mind and spirit. Victims of abuse often struggle with feelings of confusion, doubt, guilt, shame, mistrust, and fears. They may feel helpless, powerless, lonely, and isolated. They may even question the love of the Heavenly Fathers and their own divine worth. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20
However, victims and those who support them can be assured that, through His infinite Atonement, the Saviour extends succor, healing, and power. “And one shall go forth, suffering pains and afflictions and temptations of every kind; and this that the word might be fulfilled which saith one will take upon one the pains and the sickness of His people. And one will take upon Him death, that one may loose the bands of death which bind His people; and one will take upon Him their infirmities, that His bowels may be filled with mercy, according to the flesh, that one may know according to the flesh how to succor His people,” reports Alma 7.11-12. When you forgive someone who has hurt or offended you, it is not simply about the other person; you are doing it for your own good, as well. “If you forgive others for their transgression, your Heavenly Father will also forgive you. However, if you do not forgive other, than your Father will not forgive your transgressions,” reports Matthew 6.14-15. When you hold on to unforgiveness and live with grudges in your heart, you are building walls of separation. You are simply shutting other people out of your life. You become isolated, alone, warped, and imprisoned by your own bitterness. Those walls are not merely keeping people out; those walks are keeping you penned in. So you realise that those walls will also prevent God’s blessings from pouring into your life? Those walls can stop up the flow of God’s favour. The walks of unforgiveness will keep your prayers from being answered. They will keep your dreams from coming to pass. You must tear down the walls. You must forgive the people who hurt you so you can get out of prisons. You will never be free until you do that. Get that bitterness out of your life. That is the only way you are going to truly be free. You will be amazed at what can happen in your life when you release all that poison. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20
Unforgiveness keeps God’s power from operating in our lives and prevents our prayers from being answered. Ask God to help you get rid of anger and resentment in your heart toward those people who have hurt you over the years. As you forgive them, the most amazing things will begin to happen. My Lord God, please do take an interest in Your servant, and do bless me with Your sweetness, as the Psalmist would say (20.4). With that I may feel worthy and devout enough to approach Your magnificent Sacrament. Arouse my loitering heart, excite my listless mind. “Visit me with Your medicines,” reports Psalm 106.4. I need a tonic, a purgative, something, anything, to cleanse my palate before I savour Your spirit in the Sacrament; that is to say, encounter the sudden sweetness that flares up as if from a secret fountain. Pop my eyes—the Psalmist yet again (13.3)—that I may see the Great Mystery, and prop me up to believe it with undoubted faith. One may experience genuine physical and emotional healing as one searches one’s heart and are willing to forgive. One may see God’s favour in a fresh, new way. One may see one’s prayers answered more quickly as one lets go of the past and gets rid of all that poison one is now barbouring. Today, you are meeting with a crossroad’s demon in your life and about to seal that curse and sell your soul to the Devil with a kiss. One may have issues to deal with or people one needs to forgive. One can go one of two ways. One can ignore what one knows to be true and keep burying that bitterness in one’s life, pushing it deeper and allowing it to poison and contaminate one’s soul and those around one. Or, one can make a much better choice by getting it out in the open and asking God to help you to totally forgive and let it all go. Father, I do not want to habour any unforgiveness in my heart. Please shine the searchlight of Your Holy Spirit on every nook and cranny of my being, and let me see the areas where anything evil may be trying to gain a foothold through my own hesitancy to forgive. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20
Prayer is not based on friendship—there is another aspect of this that we need to notice. Jesus said, “Though he will not rise and give one, because he is his friend.” He had a reason for saying that. He is not just throwing unnecessary details. He is portraying a spiritual truth. Once Jesus said to His disciples, “I call you no more servants but friends.” A friend could go to the palace of the kind or some high authority, knock at the gate, and be let in immediately. If one was not a friend, they would send a servant to tell one whether or not one would come in. Jesus is no longer calling us servants, but friends. However, the Word of God does not say anything about God answering prayer on the basis of friendship. Prayer is not answered on the basis of friendship. It is answered on the basis of the legal contract made with God the Father. Because you have been born again, you are the seed of Abraham. Jesus Christ is the Lord of your life; you are a child of God; the Spirit of God bears witness with your spirit; you can come boldly to the throne of grace. You can say, “Father, I stand before You without fear, without condemnation, without a sense of guilt.” This right or boldness is not because of friendship, but because of the new covenant. So far, we have considered the prince as a moral and collective person, united by the force of laws, and as the trustee of the executive power in the state. We have now to consider this power when it is joined together in the hands of a natural person, of a real man, who alone has the right to dispose of it in accordance with the laws. Such a person is called a monarch or a king. In utter contrast with the other forms of administration where a collective entity represents an individual, in this form of administration and individual represents a collective entity; so that the moral unity constituting the prince is at the same time a physical unity, in which all the faculties which are combined by the law in the other forms of administration with such difficulty are found naturally combined. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20
Thus the will of the people, the will of the prince, the public force of the state, and the particular force of the state, and the particular force of the government, all respond to the same moving agent; all the springs of the machine are in the same hand; everything moves toward the same end; there are no opposing movements which are at cross purposes with one another; and no constitution is imaginable in which a lesser effort produces a more considerable action. Archimedes sitting serenely on the shore and effortlessly launching a huge vessel is what comes to mind when I think of a capable monarch governing his vast states from his private study, and making everything move while appearing himself to be immovable. However, if there is no government that has more vigour, there is none where the private will has greater sway and more easily dominates the others. Everything moves toward the same end, it is true; but this end is not that of public felicity, and they very force of the administration unceasingly operates to the detriment of the state. Kings want to be absolute, and from a distance one cries out to them that the best way to be so is to make themselves loved by their peoples. This maxim is very noble and even very true in certain respects. Unfortunately it will always be an object of derision in courts. The power that comes from the peoples’ love is undoubtedly the greatest, but it is precarious and conditional. Princes will never be satisfied with it. The best kings want to be able to be wicked if it pleases them, without ceasing to be the masters. A political sermonizer might well say to them that since the people’s force is their force, their greatest interest is that the people should be flourishing, numerous and formidable. They know perfectly well that this is not true. Their personal interest is first of all that the people should be weak and miserable and incapable of ever resisting them. I admit that, assuming the subjects were always in perfect submission, the interest of the prince would then be for the people to be powerful, so that this power, being his own, would render him formidable in the eyes of one’s neighbour’s. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20
However, since this interest is merely secondary and subordinate, and since the two suppositions are incompatible, it is natural that the princes should always give preference to the maxim that is the most immediately useful to them. This is to the point that Samuel made so forcefully to the Hebrews, and that Machiavelli has made apparent. Under the pretext of teaching kinds, he has taught important lessons to the peoples. Machiavelli’s The Prince is the book of republicans. Machiavelli was a decent man and a good citizen. However, since he was attached to the house of Medici, he was forced during the oppression of his homeland to disguise his love of liberty. The very choice of his execrable hero makes clear enough his hidden intention. And the contrast between the maxims of his book The Prince and those of his Discourses on Titus Livy and of his History of Florence shows that this profound political theorist has until now had only superficial or corrupt readers. The court of Rome has sternly prohibited his book. I can well believe it; it is the court he most clearly depicts.] We have found, through general relationships, that the monarchy is suited only to large states, and we find this again in examining the monarchy itself. The more numerous the public administration, the more the ratio of the prince to subject diminishes and approaches equality, so that this ratio increases in proportion as the government is restricted, and is at its maximum when the government is in the hands of a single man. Then there is too great a distance between the prince and the people, and the state lacks cohesiveness. In order to bring about this cohesiveness, there must therefore be intermediate orders; there must be princes, grandees, and a nobility to full them. Now none of this is suited to a small state, which is ruined by all these social levels. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20
However, if it is difficult for a large state to be well governed, it is much harder still for it to be well governed by just one human, and everyone knows what happens when the king appoints substitutes. An essential and inevitable defect, which will always place the monarchical form of government below the republican form, is that in the latter form the public voice hardly ever raises to the highest positions men who are not enlightened and capable and who would not fill their positions with honour. On the other hand, those who attain these positions in monarchies are most often petty bungler, petty swindlers, petty intriguers, whose petty talents, which cause them to attain high positions at court, serve only to display their incompetence to the public as soon as they reach these positions. The populace is much less often in error in its choice than the prince, and a man of real merit in the ministry is almost as rare as a fool at the head of a republican government. Thus, when by some happy chance one of these men who are born to govern takes the helm of public business in a monarchy that has nearly been sunk by this crowd of fine managers, there is utter amazement at the resources one finds, and one’s arrival marks an era in the history of the country. Abundant living is supposed to belong to the twenty-first century. However, years must pass before the World can restore the shattered economies. For a number of years there will be immense and tragic shortages of food, clothing, and other necessities. The era of abundance is, therefore, not an immediate possibility. The post-pandemic years are necessarily filled with privation for many billions of people. Now this may be done and these problems may be solved by peaceful discussion and mutual agreement, which is the philosophic way, or by bitter strife and physical violence, which has been the common way. The first seeks the general welfare whereas the second seeks a partisan victory. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20
The advantages of the philosophic way of speeded up evolutionary change are manifold in the economic sphere. The afflicted World’s need is not more hatred but less, not more warfare but more co-operation. Philosophy is opposed to all doctrines of class hatred. It believes that the situation today requires an integral multi-class outlook. Its opposition to the old-fashioned materialistic propaganda for abrupt social change is not to its egalitarian aims but to the preaching of hatred as a personal ethic and the advocacy of violence as an instrument of attainment. For both hatred and violence are the voices of the beast in humans. AN age sickened by the horrors of scientific warfare ought not need to witness the further horrors of scientific revolution. However, it is hard to persuade them that reconstruction is saner and safer path to take than revolution, the ballot-box wise than bloodshed, and that our duty is not to imitate the terrorists but to build peacefully a better order suited to sensible kindly and decent human beings. It cannot accept hatred as an inspiration to social betterment. For it knows that we cannot gather grapes off thistles nor human happiness off the tree of hatred. The history of humankind has shown what psychology always knew, that the hater will start looking for new human objects of one’s hatred, new enemies, as soon as the existing one have been, in one’s horrible modern terminology, “liquidated.” The ugly passion of hatred, having been developed and nurtured, will still exist and still seek an outlet as soon as it can persuade the mind to interpret conditions in its favour. Each emerging civilization brings with it not merely changes in how people handle time in daily life but also changes into their mental maps of time. The Third Wave is redrawing these temporal maps. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20
Second Wave civilization, for Dr. Newton on, assumed that time ran along a single line from the mists of the past into the most distant future. It pictured time as absolute, uniform throughout all parts of the Universe, and independent of matter and space. It assumed that each moment, or chuck of time, was the same as the next. Sober scientists with impeccable academic credentials and years of research experience calmly inform us that time is not something that flows inexorably forward at the steady pace indicated by our clocks and calendars, but that it can be warped and distorted in nature, with the end product being different depending on just where you are measuring it from. At the ultimate extreme, supercollapsed objects—black holes—can negate time altogether, making it stand still in their vicinity. By the turn of the century Dr. Einstein had already proved that time could be compressed and stretched, and had dynamited the notion that time is absolute. He put forth the now classic case of the two observers and the railroad track, which went more or less like this: A man standing alongside a railroad track sees two bolts of lightning strike at the same time—one at the far north end of the track, the other at the south. The observer is mid-way between the two. A second fellow is sitting in a high-speed train rocketing northward along the track. As he passes the observer outside he, too, sees the bolts of lightning. However, to him the two flashes do not appear as simultaneous. Because the train is speeding him away from one and toward the other, the light from one reaches him sooner than the light from the other. To the man on the moving train, it appears that the northern flash occurs first. While in daily life the distances are so small and the speed of light so fast that difference would be unnoticeable, the example dramatized by Dr. Einstein’s point: that the chronological order of events—what comes first, second, or later in time—depends upon the velocity of the observer. Time is not absolute, but relative. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20
This is a long way from the kind of time on which classical physics and indust-reality were based. Both took for granted that “before” or “after” had a fixed meaning independent of any observer. Today physics is both exploding and imploding. Every day its practitioners hypothesize—or find—new elementary particles or astrophysical phenomena, from quarks to quasars, with amazing implications, some of which are forcing additional changes in our conceptions of time. At one end of the scale, for example, black holes appear to punctuate the skies, sucking into themselves everything, including light itself, straining—if not smashing—the laws of physics. These dark maelstorms, we are told, terminate in “singularities” into which energy and matter simply vanish. In existence are “wormholes” and “white holes” through which the lost energy and matter are spewed into another Universe—whatever that might mean. A single moment in the vicinity of a black hole, it is believed, might be the equivalent of eons on Earth. Thus if some Interstellar Mission Control were to send a spaceship to explore a black hole, we might have to wait a million years for the ship to arrive. Yet, because of gravitational distortion in the vicinity of the black hole, not to mention the effects of velocity, the ship’s clock would show the passage of only a few minutes or a seconds. When we leave the vast Heavens and enter the World of microscopic particles or waves, we find similarly puzzling phenomena. At Columbia University Dr. Gerald Feinberg has even hypothesized particles called tachyons that move faster than light and for which—according to some of his colleagues—times moves backward. The British physicist J.G. Taylor tells us: “The microscopic notion of time is very different from the macroscopic.” #RandolphHarris 18 of 20
Another physicist, Fritjof Capra, puts it more simply. Time, he says, is “flowing at different rates in different parts of the Universe.” Increasingly, therefore, we cannot even speak of “time” in the singular; there appears to be alternative and plural “times” operating under different rules in different parts of the Universe or Universes we inhabit. All of which knocks the props under the Second Wave idea of Universal linear time—without substituting ancient notions of cyclical time. At precisely the same moment, therefore, that we are radially restructuring our social uses of time—by introducing flextime on the job, by decoupling workers from the mechanical conveyor, and in the other ways previously described—we are also fundamentally reformulating our theoretical images of time. And while these theoretical discoveries seem at the moment to have no practical application to daily life, the same was true of those seemingly speculative chalk marls on the blackboard—the formulas that led ultimately to the smashing of the atom. It is of particular importance to every human to whom a glimpse has been vouchsafed, that after it one summoned to begin one’s life afresh, to try a new start. If one heeds the summons no matter how unpromising one’s circumstances are for such a start—and this requires both faith and courage—eventually help will come, a change for the better. During the glimpse one left oneself and found a being within which transcended it. After the glimpse one has the chance to create a conscious relationship between them. One’s outer life ought to carry the mark of this extraordinary event. What was seen in the glimpse must now be taken into the heart and mind, the thought and memory, the whole being of the human. Henceforth one is to live and at among other humans as one who is marked for a higher destiny than semi-animal, incompletely human, blind existence. The more glimpses one gets, the more will one want to become like the ideal in all its beauty, and the longer each glimpse lasts, the longer will one seek to use its light and strength to make oneself a better human or to build a better World. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20
Blessing of galaxies, blessing of stars: Great stars small stars, red stars, blue ones. Blessing of nebula, blessing of supernova, planets, satellites, asteroids, comets. Blessings of our sun and moon, blessing of our Earth; oceans, river, continents, mountain ranges, blessing of wind, and cloud, blessing of rain; fog bank, snowdrift, lightning and thunder. Bless the wisdom of the holy one above us. Bless the truth of the holy one beneath us. Bless the love of the holy one within us. Blessing of green plants, blessings of forests: Cedar, douglas fir, swordfern, salal bush, blessing of fish and birds, blessing of mammals: Salmon, eagle, cougar and mountain goat. May all humankind likewise offer blessing: Old woman, young woman, wise men and foolish blessing of youthfulness, blessing of children, big boys, little body, big girls and little ones. Bless the wisdom of the holy one above us; bless the truth of the holy one beneath us; bless the love of the holy one within us. Bring us back, O Father to Thy Torah; draw us near, O our King to Thy service, and restore us unto Thy presence in wholehearted repentance. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who desirest repentance. Forgive us, O our Father, for we have sinned; pardon us, O our King, for we have transgressed. Verily Thou art merciful and forgiving. Blessed art Thou, O gracious Lord, who art abundant in forgiveness. Behold our affliction and plead our cause. Hasten to redeem us for the sake of Thy name, for Thou art a mighty Redeemer. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, Redeemer of America and Africa. Heal us, O Lord, and we shall be healed; save us and we shall be saved, for to Thee we offer praise. Grant complete healing for all our ailments for Thou, O God art our King, our faithful and merciful Healer. Praised art Thou, O Lord, who healest the sick among Thy people of American and Africa. Bless this year unto us, O Lord our God, and bless its yield that it may be for our welfare. Please send Thy blessing upon the Earth. Please send dew and rain for a blessing upon the Earth. Satisfy us out of Thy bounty, O Lord. Do Thou bless this year that it be for us a year of abundance. Praised be Thou, O Lord, who dost bless the years. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20
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Does the Cause of Lunacy Lie in the Heavens or in Our Minds?
If you do not run your own life, somebody else will. Your children need your presence more than your presents because the hardest job kids face today is learning good manners without seeing any. It would hardly be accurate to day that we live now in a period of great enlightenment or dependable treatment of mental disorders. In fact, some recent surveys found that 43 percent of respondents believe that people bring on mental disorders themselves, 35 percent consider such disorders to be caused by sinful behaviours, and 19 percent point to the lack of willpower or self-discipline as a cause. Nevertheless, the last 70 years have brought major changes in the ways clinicians understand and treat abnormal functioning. There are more theories and types of treatment, more research studies, more information, and, perhaps for these reasons, more disagreements about abnormal functioning today than at any time in the past. In some ways the study and treatment of psychological disorders have made great strides, but in other respects clinical scientists and practitioners are still struggling to make a difference. Primitive societies believed that the moon had magical, mystical powers and that its changes portended events of many kinds. The moon supposedly had the power to impregnate women, to make plants grow, and to drive people crazy. Later societies also credited the power of the moon to affect behaviour, and they applied the terms “lunatic” and “lunacy” to the person and the behaviour to capture their lunar, or moonlike, qualities. Even today many institutions and people believe that behaviour is affected by the phases of the moon. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20
Anecdotal evidence abounds: police officers have sometimes noted more violent and bizarre crimes during the full moon, and certain hospitals have claimed to experience an increase in births. One hospital even linked the full moon to the onset of ulcers and heart attacks. A Wall Street brokers for years used the schedule of the moon as a guide in giving investment advice—successfully. A number of scientists have advanced theories to explain a lunar effect on human behaviour. Some say that since the moon causes the tides of the oceans, it is reasonable to expect that it has a similar effect on the bodily fluids of human beings, whose composition is more than 80 percent water. The increase in births might therefore be explained by the force of the moon on the expectant mother’s amniotic fluid. Similar tidal and gravitational effects have been used to explain the apparent increases in bizarre behaviour during full moons. One team of researchers has noted that a full moon seemed to have a greater impact on behaviour in the past than in current times and has attributed this difference to the lack of electricity in years past. Before the advent of artificial light, they argue, full moons were a significant source of illumination that disrupted the sleep-wake cycle. This tended to cause sleep deprivation and, consequently, psychological disturbances. Still other researchers have tried to determine whether the activity of the moon is in fact related to human behaviour by calculating the precise number of births, crimes, and unusual behaviours that occur during full moons. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20
Some of these investigators have indeed found an association between full moons and unintentional poisonings, aggression, absenteeism, and crime. Other researchers, however, have found no relationship between full moons and increases in violence in mental health settings, suicides, car accidents, or people seeking help for anxiety or depression. Even if an association exists, skeptics have noted that it may simply be due to people’s own expectations. That is, because certain persons expect to be influenced by a full moon, they may be more attentive and responsive to their internal sensations or desires at that time. To test this interpretation, researchers recently examined the effects of moon phases on animals who presumably have little self-awareness. One group of researchers found a significant increase in the number of people who visited emergency rooms with animal bites during full moons in a small British town, suggesting that unusual animal behaviour may indeed be affected by the moon. However, other researchers—who conducted studies with other animals, breeds, and towns—found no increase in animals bites during full moons. And so the debated continues as scientists and philosophers alike try to determine whether the cause of lunacy does indeed lie in the Heavens or our minds. How are people with severe disturbances cared for? In the 1950s researchers discovered a number of new psychotropic medications—drugs that primarily affect the brain and alleviate many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20
These medications include the first antipsychotic drugs, to lift the mood of depressed people; and antianxiety drugs, to reduce tension and worry. When given these drugs, many patients who had spent years in mental hospitals began to show signs of improvement. Hospital administrators, encouraged by these results and pressured by a growing public outcry over the terrible conditions in public mental hospitals, began to discharge patients almost immediately. Since the discovery of these medications, mental health professionals in most of the developed nations of the World have followed a policy of deinstitutionalization, releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals. On any given day in 1955, close to 600,000 people were confined in public mental institutions across the United States of America. Today the daily patient population in the same kinds of hospitals is around 60,000. In short, outpatient care has now become the primary mode of treatment for people with severe psychological disturbances as well as for those with moderate problems. Today when severely impaired people do need institutionalization, they are usually given short-term hospitalization. Ideally, they are then given outpatient psychotherapy and medication in community programs and residences. Community mental health approach is an emphasis on social care for people with severe psychological disturbances. The approach has been helpful for many patients, but too few community programs are available to address current needs in the United States of America. As a result, hundreds of thousands of persons with severe disturbances fail to make lasting recoveries, and they shuffle back and forth between the mental hospital and the community. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20
After release from the hospital, patients at best receive minimal care and often wind up living in decrepit rooming houses or on the streets. In fact, only 40 percent of persons with severe psychological disturbances currently receive treatment of any kind. At least 100,000 individuals with such disturbances are homeless on any given day; another 135,000 or more are inmates of jails and prisons. Their abandonment is truly a national disgrace. How are people with less severe disturbances treated? The treatment picture for people with moderate psychological disturbances has been more positive than that for people with severe disorders. Since the 1950s, outpatient care has continued to be the preferred mode of treatment for them, and the numbers and types of facilities that offer such care have expanded to meet the need. Before the 1950s, almost all outpatient care took the form of private psychotherapy, an arrangement by which an individual directly pays a psychotherapist for counseling services. This tended to be an expensive form of treatment available only to the wealthy. Since the 1950s, however, most healthy insurance plans have expanded coverage to include private psychotherapy, so that it is now also widely available to people with modest incomes. In addition, such as community mental healthy centers, crisis intervention centers, family service centers, and other social service agencies. The new settings have spurred a dramatic increase in the number of persons seeking outpatient care for psychological problems. Nationwide surveys suggest that one of every six adults and one of every five children between the ages of 9 and 17 now receive some form of mental health service in the course of a year. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20
Outpatient treatments are also becoming available for more and more kinds of problems. When Dr. Freud and his colleagues first began to practice, most of their patients suffered from anxiety or depression. These problems still dominate therapy today; almost half of all clients suffer from them. However, people with other kinds of disorders are also receiving therapy. In addition, at least 25 percent of clients enter therapy because of milder problems in living, problems with marital, family, job, peer, school, or community relationships. Yet another change in outpatient care since the 1950s has been the development of programs devoted exclusively to one kind of psychological problem. We now have, for example, suicide prevention centers, substances abuse programs, eating disorders programs, phobia clinics, and sexual dysfunction programs. Clinicians in these programs have the kind of expertise that can be acquired only by concentration in a single area. One caustic interpersonal phenomenon that has received considerable interest in the literature on eating disorders is childhood sexual abuse. A common form of abuse reported by people with eating disorders childhood sexual abuse, represents a gross violation of boundaries, particularly when perpetrated in the family context. This abuse often causes guilt, confusion, repulsion, and distrust of others. These potentially vicious psychosocial repercussions can make intimate relations later in life very difficult. Contrasting findings and possible explanations—there is at least some evidence to suggest that histories of sexual abuse are more common among those with eating disorders, especially bulimia nervosa, than what would be expected by chance alone. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20
However, after numerous studies on the topic, findings remain mixed. For example, some estimates indicate that rates of childhood sexual abuse run as high as 70 percent among patients with eating disorders. One study of such patients found that 65 percent has experienced physical abuse, 28 percent has been sexually abused, and 23 percent had been raped. These statistics are shocking both for their indication of what appear to be extremely high prevalence rates of childhood sexual abuse among persons with eating disorders, and for their stark contrast to other epidemiological estimates indicating a far lower occurrence of sexual abuse in the background of such persons. For example, two reviews concluded that there was no evidence of higher rates of eating disorders among sexually abused versus nonabused women. Furthermore, one study found that among normal-weight women with bulimia nervosa, only 7 percent included a history of sexual abuse involving physical contact. Since it is estimated that the prevalence of sexual abuse in the general female population is 27 percent, it appears as if sexual abuse was less prevalent in the sample than in the general population. To complicate matters further, still another review found that rates of sexual abuse were no higher among those with eating disorders than among those in the general population. What conclusions can be drawn from the literature on childhood sexual abuse and eating disorders? First, some of the variance in these prevalence estimates can be explained by wildly discrepant operationalizations of “sexual abuse.” #RandolphHarris 7 of 20
Second, the samples on which these estimates are based are also nonequivalent. For example, it is reasonable to expect a greater history of childhood sexual abuse in clinical samples than in samples with eating disorders drawn from the general population. Third, there is some consensus that childhood sexual abuse is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of eating disorders in later life. This may explain the high rates of sexual abuse in some samples, and the lower rates in others. “One that covers one’s sins shall not prosper: but whoso confesses and forsakes them shall have mercy,” reports Proverbs 28.13. Abuse tends to happen and it should not. A few decades ago, several American companies authorized by the U.S. government attempted to bury toxic-waste products underground. They filled large mental containers with chemical waste and other life-threatening products, sealed the drums tightly, and buried them deep down below the topsoil. They thought that was the end of it. Within a short time, however, many of the containers began to leak and the toxic waste started seeping to the surface, causing all sorts of problems. In some locations, it killed off the vegetation and ruined the water supply. People had to move out of their homes. What went wrong? They tried to bury something that was toxic. They never dreamed that the materials they were attempting to bury were so powerful that they were too toxic for the containers to hold. They did not imagine that one day those contaminants would resurface, and they would have to deal with the problem all over again. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20
However, this time, the toxic materials would be dispersed and much more difficult to deal with. Had they disposed of them properly in the first place, they would not have had this terrible problem. It is the same with us. When somebody hurts us, someone does us wrong, instead of letting it go and trusting God to make it up to us, we bury it deep down inside. We attempt to cram unforgiveness, resentment, anger, and other destructive responses into our “leakproof” containers. We seal those lids tightly, but unfortunately, just as that toxic waste tends to resurface, one day the things you have tamped into your subconscious or buried deeply in the recesses of your heart will rise to the surface and begin to contaminate your life. We cannot live with poison inside us and not expect it to eventually do us harm. Forgiveness is the key to being free from toxic bitterness. Forgive the people who hurt you. Forgive the boss who did you wrong. Forgive the friend who betrayed you. Forgive the patent who mistreated you when you were younger. Do not let the root of bitterness grow deeper and continue to contaminate your life. What does this toxic waste look like in our lives? For some people, it seeps out as anger. In other people, it smells like depression. For others, it reeks of low self-esteem. It can show up in many different ways, sometimes doing damage before we even realize it has reappeared. One can have success on the outside, but if one is bitter on the inside, it is going to spoil and taint every success. One must deal with the inside first, then one can really be happy. Then one can experience true, untainted, unalloyed success in one’s life. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20
You may think forgiveness is too hard. However, you are not forgiving for their sake, you are forgiving for your sake. You are forgiving so that poison does not continue to contaminate your life. If someone has done you a great wrong, do not allow them to continue to hurt you by hanging on to it. You are not hurting them at all. You are hurting yourself. It is the laden bough that hangs low, and the most fruitful Christ who is the most humble. In American culture, there is a taboo against vulnerability, especially from dominant personalities. Seldom can we allow ourselves such phrases as “I am unsure,” “I feel vulnerable,” “I feel hurt,” or “I feel helpless.” And yet we all have these feelings from time to time. We all feel anxious, sacred, helpless, or weak. In our culture, where competition, individuality, and performance reign supreme, it is no surprise that any sense of weakness is repressed from awareness. Yet, when a part of us that is quite real is pushed out of consciousness, we are more vulnerable than ever because we lose touch with our core being. Then our energies are diverted into presenting a false self to the World. We even believe that this ideal self—secure, flawless, and capable in all situations—is our real self. This kind of vanity is the real target of the scriptural “pride goeth before destruction,” reports Proverbs 16.18. Surrender to God and understand that God is the Ground of Being. This powerful experience will enable one to get in touch with a power greater than oneself, the Supreme Being. Father, I know when I forgive those who hurt me, it pleased You. Please help me to recognize that forgiveness of others is in my best interest. “Many are the sorrows of the wicked, but one who trusts in, relies on, and confidently leans on the Lord shall be compassed about with mercy and with lovingkindness. Be glad in the Lord and rejoice, you [uncompromisingly] righteous [you who are upright and right standing with Him]; shout for joy, all you upright in heart!” reports Psalm 32.10-11. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20
We have here two very distinct moral persons, namely the government and the sovereign, and consequently two wills, one in relation to all the citizens, the other only for the members of the administration. Thus, although the government can regulate its internal administration as it chooses, it can never speak to the people except in the name of the sovereign, that is to say, in the name of the populace itself. This is something not to be forgotten. The first societies governed themselves aristocratically. The leaders of families deliberated among themselves about public affairs. Young people deferred without difficulty to the authority of experience. This is the origin of the words priests, ancients, senate and elders. The natives of North America still govern themselves that way to this day, and are very well governed. However, to the extent that inequality, wealth or power was preferred to age, and aristocracy became elective. Finally, the transmission of the father’s power, together with his goods, to his children created patrician families; the government was made hereditary, and we know of senators who were only twenty years old. There are therefore three sorts of aristocracy: natural, elective and hereditary. The first is suited only to some people; the third is the worst of any government. The second is the best; it is aristocracy properly so-called. In addition to the advantage of the distinction between the two powers, aristocracy has that of the choice of its members. For in popular government all the citizens are born magistrates; however, this type of government limits them to a small number, and they become magistrate only through elections, a means by which probity, enlightenment, experience, and all the other reasons for public preference and esteem are so many new guarantees of being well governed. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20
Furthermore, assemblies are more conveniently held, public business better discussed and carried out with more orderliness and diligence, the reputation of the state is better sustained abroad by venerable senators than by a multitude that is unknown or despised. In a word, it is the best and most natural order for the wisest to govern the multitude, when it is certain that they will govern for its profit and not for their own. There is no need for multiplying devices uselessly or for doing with twenty thousand men what one hundred hand-picked men can do even better. However, it must be noted here that the corporate interest begins to direct the public force in less strict a conformity with the rule of the general will, and that another inevitable tendency removes from the laws a part of the executive power. With regard to the circumstances that are specifically suitable, a state must not be so small, nor its people so simple and upright, as is the case in a good democracy. Now must a nation be so large that the leaders, scattered about in order to govern it, can each play the sovereign in one’s own department, and begin by making themselves independent in order finally to become masters. However, if aristocracy requires somewhat fewer virtutes than popular government, it also demands others that are proper to it, such as moderation among wealthy and contentment among the poor. For it appears that rigorous equality would be out of place here. It was not observed even in Sparta. Moreover, if this form of government carries with it a certain inequality of fortune, this is simply in order that in general the administration of public business may be entrusted to those who are best able to give all their time to it, but not, as Aristotle claims, in order that the rich may always be given preference. On the contrary, it is important that an opposite choice should occasionally teach people that more important reasons for preference are to be found in a man’s merit than in one’s wealth. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20
Neither is our image of evolution—or, for that matter, evolution itself what it used to be. Biologist, archaeologist, and anthropologists, attempting to unravel the mysteries of evolution, similarly find themselves in a bigger and more complex World than previously imagined and are discovering that laws once regarded as universal in application are actually special cases. Since Dr. Darwin, biologists have gradually developed a chart of the mechanism of evolution, called natural selection. On that basis attempts have often been made to portray all evolution—cosmic, chemical, cultural, ideological, social—as governed by a similar selection mechanism. However, such understandings seem doomed, inasmuch as the rules change at every plane. Even on the biological plane, rules once thought to apply across the board are in question. Thus scientists are being forced to ask whether all biological evolution is a response to variation and natural selection or whether, at the molecular level, it may depend instead on an accumulation of variations which result in “genetic drift” without the operation of Darwinian natural selection. Says Dr. Motoo Kimura of the National Institute of Genetics in Japan, evolution at the molecular level appears to be “quite incompatible with the expectations of Neo-Darwinism.” Other long held assumptions are being shaken as well. Biologist have told us that eukaryotes (human beings and most other forms of life) are ultimately descended from simpler cells called prokaryotes (among which are bacteria and algae). Fresh research is now undermining that theory, leading to the unsettling notion that the simpler life forms may have descended from the more complex. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20
Furthermore, evolution is supposed to favour adaptations that enhance survival. Yet we are now finding striking examples of evolutionary developments that seem to confer long-term benefit—at the cost of short-term disadvantage. Which does evolution favour? Then there is the startling news from, of all places, the Grant Park Zoon in Atlanta, where the chance mating of two species of ape with two quite different sets of chromosomes has produced the first known hybrid ape. Even though researchers are unsure whether the hybrid will be fertile, her bizarre genetics lend support to the idea that evolution may occur in leaps and bounds as well as through the accretion of small changes. Indeed, instead of seeing evolution as a smooth process, many of today’s life scientists and archaeologists are studying the “theory of catastrophes” to explain “gaps” and “jumps” in the multiple branches of the evolutionary record. Others are studying small changes that may have been amplified through feedback into sudden structural transformations. Heated controversies divide the scientific community over every one of these issues. However, all such controversies are dwarfed by a single history-changing fact. By 1957, as the first string of the Third Wave were being felt, Dr. Arthur Kornberg learned how DNA reproduced itself. Since then, as one popular summary describes the sequences “We have cracked the DNA code. We have learned how DNA transmits its instructions to the cell. We have analyzed chromosomes to determine genetic function. We have synthesized a cell. We have fused cells from two different species. We have isolated pure human genes. We have ‘mapped’ genes. We have synthesized a gene. We have changed the heredity of a cell.” #RandolphHarris 14 of 20
Today genetic engineers in laboratories around the World are capable of creating entirely novel life forms. They have end-run evolution itself. Second Wave thinkers conceived of the human species as the culmination of a long evolutionary process; Third Wave thinkers must now face the fact that we are the designers of evolution. Evolution will never look the same. Like the concept of nature, evolution too is in the process of being drastically reconceptualized. With Second Wave ideas about the nature and evolution both changing, it is hardly surprising that we are also sharply re-evaluating Second Wave ideas about progress. The industrial period was characterized by a facile optimism that saw each scientific breakthrough or “new improved product” as evidence of an inevitable advance toward human perfection. Since the mid 19050’s, when Third Wave began battering Second Wave civilization, few ideas have taken as rough a beating as this cheery creed. The “beats” of the fifties and the hippies of the sixties made pessimism about the human condition, not optimism, a pervasive cultural theme. These movements did much to replace knee-jerk optimism with knee-jerk despair. Soon pessimism because positively chic. Hollywood movies of the 1950’s and 1960’s, for example, replaced the jut-jawed heroes of the 1930’s and 1940’s with alienated antiheroes—rebels without a cause, stylish gunmen, dope pushers with charm, angst-ridden motorcyclists, and hard, inarticulate (but soulful) punk. Life was a game nobody won. Fiction, drama, and art also took on a graveyard hopelessness in many Second Wave nations. By the early fifties, Camus had already defined the themes that countless novelists would subsequently purse. A British critic summed these up as: “Man is fallible, political theories are relative, automatic progress is a mirage.” #RandolphHarris 15 of 20
Even science fiction, once filled with utopian adventures, turned bitter and pessimistic, generating countless poor imitations of Huxley and Orwell. Technology, instead of being portrayed as the engine of progress, increasingly appeared as a juggernaut destroying both human freedom and the physical environment. For many environmentalists, indeed, “progress” became a dirty word. Weighty volumes poured into the bookshops, bearing titles like The Stalled Society, The Coming Dark Age, In Danger of Progress, or The Death of Progress. As Second Wave society lurched into the seventies, The Club of Rome report on The Limits to Growth set a funereal tone for much of the decade that followed, with its projections of catastrophe for the industrial World. Upheavals, unemployment, and inflation intensified by the pandemic of 2020, adding to the spreading pall of pessimism and the rejection of the idea of the idea of inevitable human progress. Former Governor of California, Jerry Brown, spoke about the future being filled with “darkness and massive debt,” as he was leaving office, and the decline of the West—sending yet another frisson of fear down a good many spines. Whether such despair was, or is, justified remains for each reader to decide. One thing is clear, however: the notion of inevitable single-track progress, another pillar of indust-reality, is finding fewer takers as the start of the Fourth Wave civilization is looming close. There is fast a fast-spreading recognition around the World that progress can no longer be measure in terms of technology or material standards of living alone—that a society that is morally, aesthetically, politically, or environmentally degraded is not an advance society, no matter how rich or technically sophisticated it may be. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20
In fact, we are moving toward a far more comprehensive notion of progress—progress no longer automatically achieved and no longer defined by material criteria lone. We are also less inclined to think of societies as moving along one track, each society traveling automatically from one cultural way-station to the next, one more “advanced” than another. There may be many branch lines, as it were, rather than a single roadbead, and societies may be able to achieve comprehensive development in a variety of ways. We are beginning to think of progress as the flowering of a tree with many branches extending into the future, the very variety and richness of human cultures serving as a measure. In this light, today’s shift toward a more diverse, de-massified World may itself come to be seen as an important forward leap—analogous to the tendency toward differentiation and complexity so common in biological evolution. Whatever happens next, it is unlikely that the culture will ever again return to the naïve, unilinear, Pollyannish progressivism that characterized and inspired the Second Wave era, unless we discover another planet we can live on and start over. Nonetheless, the past decades, therefore, have witnessed a forced reconceptualization of nature, evolution, and progress alike. These concepts, however, were in turn based on still more elemental ideas—our assumptions about time, space, matter, and causality. And the Third Wave is dissolving even these assumptions—the intellectual glue that held the Second Wave civilization together. So start the face with all deliberate speed, and try not to flop. Through frequent prayers and confessions and the sacred reception of Jesus Christ’s Host, we can get wind again and rejoin the race. If one does not do this or something like it soon, one will just never have the strength to stay on the course. Be partaker and heir of Eternal Glory. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20
From adolescence on—the Author of Genesis knew this (8.21)—the senses of Humankind are prone to evil, and unless Divine Medicaments help, Humankind will go to the dogs; that is to say, proceed from the lesser sins to the greater. That is how Holy Communion pulls one back from evil and pushes one toward good. As long as your soul is entrapped, or enshrined in your mortal body, it travels through life as a part of Jesus Christ; that is as Paul put in in Second Corinthians (5.6). Therefore, your soul should be mindful of God Himself from time to time and receive its beloved Friend with a devout mind. Blessed is the soul that is finally prepared itself to receive Jesus Christ, the Lord God, with devotion! In return, He will fill that soul with spiritual joy! Happy is the mind that receives the Great Lord, welcomes as guest, receives a congenial companion, accepts a faithful friend, embraces a noble bachelor in front of a party of friends, a Friend of friends! May Heaven with all its pendants and Earth with all its ornaments pause in their tinkling orbits for a moment to homage to Jesus Christ, our Sweetest Friend! Whatever praise seeps or grace drips from the largesse of His Comedown, it is only spillage from His Ever-flowing Fount. As the Psalmist has sung, “There is no accounting for Your Wisdom” (147.5). Our hope in the Atonement empowers us with eternal perspective. Hope is an emotion which brings richness to our everyday lives. It is defined as “the feeling that events will turn out for the best. When we exercise hope, we look forward with desire and reasonable confidence. As such, hope brings a certain calming influence to our lives as we confidently look forward to future events. Sometimes we hope for things over which we have little or no control. We hope for good weather. We hope for an early spring. We hope our favourite sports team will win the World Cup, Super Bowl, or the World Series. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20
Such hopes make our lives interesting and can often lead to unusual, even superstitious behaviour. Other times our hopes can lead to dreams which can inspire us and lead us to action. If we have the hope to do better at work, that hope can be realized by dedicated work and sacrifice. If we have the hope to play on a winning team, that hope can lead to consistent practice, dedication, teamwork, and ultimately success. Hope can inspire dreams and spur us to realize those dreams. Hope alone, however, does not cause us to succeed. Many honourable hopes have gone unfulfilled, shipwrecked on the reefs of good intentions and laziness. Our hope in the Atonement empowers us with eternal perspective. Such perspective allows us to look beyond the here and now on into the promise of the eternities. We do not have to be trapped in the narrow confines of society’s fickle expectations. We are free to look forward to celestial glory, sealed to our family and loved ones. “Wherefore, there must be faith; and if there must be faith there must also be hope; and if there must be hope there must also be charity. And except ye have charity ye can in nowise be saved in the kingdom of God; neither can ye be saved in the kingdom of God if ye have not faith; neither can ye if we have no hope,” reports Moroni 10.20-21. Faith is rooted in Jesus Christ. Hope centers in the Atonement. Charity is manifest in the pure love of Christ. These three attributes are intertwined like strands in a cable and may not always be precisely distinguished. Together they become our tether to the celestial kingdom. “Wherefore, ye must press forward with a steadfastness in Christ, having a perfect brightness of hope, and a love of God and of all humans,” reports 2 Nephi 31.20. This hope has lead humans through the ages to do remarkable things. It is my prayer that our hopes will lead to the fulfillment of our righteous dreams. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20
I particularly pray our hope in the Atonement will strengthen our faith and charity and give us an eternal perspective of our future. May we all have this perfect brightness of hope. Lord, I come today seeking a financial breakthrough and your supernatural blessing. I know God that you are moving things and working all things together for my good. God, create an opening of your abundant supernatural supply. Break the curse of poverty and lack. And I thank You for all the blessings you have bestowed already. O Father the hem of whose garment is in the sky, whose grace falls from His glance, who gives life from the touch of one finger. O Father whose hair is the willow, whose breath is the riversong, who lopes through the milky way, baying, stars going out, O Lord whose deathshead holds a thousand eyes eye socket black imploded stars, who trails frail as a northern virgin on the mist, O Lord flying your bright drops to us, emblems of your love, throw your green scarf on the battered Earth once more. O smile, disrobe for us, unveil your eyes. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, the holy king. We sanctify Thy name on Earth even as it is sanctified in the Heavens above, as described in the vision of Thy prophet: And the seraphim called one unto another saying: Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts, the whole Earth is full of His glory. Whereupon the angles declare; Blessed be the glory of God from His Heavenly abode. And as it is written in the holy Scripture: The Lord shall reign forever; Thy God, O Zion, shall be Sovereign unto all generations. Hallelujah! Unto all generations we will declare Thy greatness and to all eternity we will proclaim Thy holiness. Our mouth shall ever speak Thy praise, O our God, for Thou art a great and holy God and King. Blessed Art Thou, O Lord, the holy God. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, the holy King. Thou endowest humans with knowledge and teachest mortal humans understanding. O great us knowledge, understanding, and discernment. Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who bestowest knowledge upon humans. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20
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Do Not Leave Me. See How Hard I am Trying! Are I Not Cute?
If you want something from an audience, you give blood to their fantasies. It is the ultimate hustle. As 1800 approached, the treatment of people with mental disorders began to improve once again. Historians usually point to La Bicetre, and asylum in Paris for male patients, as the first site of asylum reform. In 1793, during the French Revolution, Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) was named the chief physician there. He argued that the patients were sick people whose illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness rather than chains and beatings. He unchained them and allowed them to move freely about the hospital grounds, replaced the dark dungeons with sunny, well-ventilated rooms, and offered support and advice. Dr. Pinel’s approach proved remarkably successful. Patients who had been shut away for decades were now enjoying fresh air and sunlight and being treated with dignity. Many improved greatly over a short period of time and were released. Dr. Pinel later brought similar reforms to a mental hospital in Paris, France for female patients, La Salpetriere. Jean Esquirol (1772-1840), Dr. Pinel’s student and successor, went on to help establish 10 new mental hospitals that operated on the same principles. Meanwhile an English Quaker named William Tuke (1732-1819) was bringing similar reforms to northern England. In 1796 he founded the York Retreat, a rural estate where about 30 mental patients lived as guests in quiet country houses and were treated with a combination of rest, talk, prayer, and manual work. “For God has done what the Law could not do, [its power] being weakened by the flesh [the entire nature of man without the Holy Spirit]. Sending His own Son in the guise of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, [God] condemned sin in the flesh [subdued, overcame, deprived it of its power over all who accept that sacrifice],” reports Romans 8.3. #RandolphHarris 1 of 24
The spread of moral treatment—the methods of Dr. Pinel and Mr. Tuke, called spectful techniques, caught on throughout Europe and the United States of America. Patients with psychological problems were increasingly perceived as potentially productive human beings whose mental functioning had broken down under stress. They were considered deserving of individual care, including discussions of their problems, useful activities, work, companionship, and quiet. The person most responsible for the early spread of moral treatment in the United States of America was Benjamin Rush (1745-1813), an eminent physician at Pennsylvania Hospital. Limiting his practice to mental illness, Dr. Rush developed innovative, humane approaches to treatment. For example, he required that the hospital hire intelligent and sensitive attendant to work closely with patients, reading and talking to them and taking them on regular walks. He also suggested that it would be therapeutic for doctors to give small gifts to their patients now and then. Dr. Rush, widely considered the father of American psychiatry, also wrote the first American treatise on mental illness and organized the first American course in psychiatry. Dr. Rush’s work was influential, but it was a Boston Schoolteacher named Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) who made humane care a public and political concern in the United States of America. In 1841 Mrs. Dix had gone to teach Sunday school at a local prison and been shocked by the conditions she saw there. Before long, her interest in prison conditions broadened to include the plight of poor and mentally ill people throughout the country. #RandolphHarris 2 of 24
A powerful campaigner, Mrs. Dix went from state legislature to state legislature speaking of the horrors she had observed and calling for reform. Similarly, she told the Congress of the United States of America that mentally ill people across the country were still being “bound with galling chains, bowed beneath fetters and heavy iron balls attached to drag chains, lacerated with ropes, scourged with rods and terrified beneath storms of execration and cruel blows.” From 1841 until 1881, Mrs. Dix fought for new laws and greater government funding to improve the treatment of people with mental disorders. Each state was made responsible for developing effective public mental hospitals. Mrs. Dix personally helped established 32 of these state hospitals (state-run public mental institutions in the United States of America), all intended to offer moral treatment. Similar hospitals were established throughout Europe. The Decline of moral treatment—as we have observed, the treatment of abnormality has followed a crooked path. Over and over again, relative progress has been followed by serious decline. Viewed in this context, it is not surprising that the moral treatment movement began to decline toward the end of the nineteenth century. Several factors were responsible. One was the speed with which the moral movement had spread. As mental hospitals multiplied, severe money and staffing shortages developed, recovery rates declined, and overcrowding in the hospitals became a major problem. Under such conditions it was often impossible to provide individual care and genuine concern. Another factor was the assumption behind moral treatment that if treated with humanity and dignity, all patients could be cured. #RandolphHarris 3 of 24
For some, being treated with compassion and respect was indeed sufficient. Others, however, needed more effective treatments than any that had yet been developed. Many of these people remained hospitalized until they died. An additional factor contributing to the decline of moral treatment was the emergence of a new wave of prejudice against people with mental disorders. As more and more patients disappeared into large distant mental hospitals, the public came to view them as strange and dangerous. In turn, people were less open-handed when it came to making donations or allocating government funds. Moreover, many of the patients entering public mental hospitals in the United States of America in the late nineteenth century were impoverished foreign immigrants, whom the public had little interest in helping. By the early years of the twentieth century, the moral treatment movement had ground to a halt in both the United States of America and Europe. Public mental hospitals were providing only custodial care and ineffective medical treatments and were becoming more overcrowded every year. Long-term hospitalization became the rule once again. Beware of the evil eye—a number of demonological explanations for abnormal behaviour continue in today’s World. In rural Pakistan, for example, many parents apply special makeup around the eyes of their young children, as their ancestors have done for centuries. A paste of hazelnut powder and several oils, known as surma, is applied partly to protect the eyes from the smoke given off by home heating fires and partly to cool and clean the eyes. #RandolphHarris 4 of 24
However, another less acknowledged reason is to ward off nazar, the “evil eye,” thought to be responsible for the many deaths among the infants and for poor health and behavioural problems in those who survive. The American Psychiatric Association recognizes two distinct subtypes of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Obesity is currently considered more of a medical condition than a mental health problem. The defining features of anorexia nervosa include a refusal to maintain a normal body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a disturbance in body image and perception. Bulimia nervosa is defined by recurrent episodes of uncontrolled binge eating, inappropriate compensatory behaviours to control weight gain (exempli gratia, self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics), and an undue influence of body shape and weight on self-evaluations. A chief difference between the two disorders is that individuals with bulimia nervosa are able to maintain their body weight at or above normally prescribed levels, whereas those with anorexia nervosa have a body weight below 85 percent of what is expected. Similar to depression and alcoholism, eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, have a lethal component. The long-term mortality for those afflicted with anorexia nervosa is estimated to be over 10 percent. The standardizes mortality ratio (observed mortality divided by expected mortality) for people with eating disorders is 3.6 for people under 20 years of age, 9.9 for those aged 20-29, and 5.7 for those over age 30. #RandolphHarris 5 of 24
Among females, the lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa has been estimated at 0.5 percent, and 1.3 percent for bulimia nervosa. The descriptions of these disorders in the DSM-VI-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2023). The description of these disorders in the DSM-VI-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2023) contain references to interpersonal problems. Associated features of anorexia nervosa include social withdrawal and lessened interest in pleasures of the flesh; episodes of binge eating associated with bulimia nervosa are often triggered by interpersonal stressors. Research on interpersonal relationships and eating disorders has been typical of the work on interpersonal relationships and mental healthy more generally. The recognition of some type of relational difficulty associated with the disorder predates current investigations by at least a century and a quarter. One of Lasegue’s more notable contributions was the suggestion of “prentectomy”—hospitalization of the patients to remove them from exacerbating parental forces. Family-of-origin relationships in particular have been a focal point in this line of work. Finally, the proliferation of studies on this associated feature of eating disorders has been particularly evident over the past 50 years. In one longitudinal investigation, patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa were followed for a period of 5 years. Among the most notable features of those who did not recover over the course of the investigation (53 percent) were unsatisfactory family-of-origin relationships and problems with making personal contacts outside the family. Findings such as these are suggestive of the important role played by social relationships in the course of the disorder. #RandolphHarris 6 of 24
As noted above, research emanating from the interpersonal paradigm has sought to understand eating disorders largely through a focus on family-of-origin experiences. Extreme levels of family adaptability and cohesion, family expressed emotion (EE), inappropriate parental pressure, low parental care, parental overinvolvement, sexual abuse, and battles for control are dominant themes in the family histories of people with eating disorders. Some models and theories suggest that these family-of-origin processes play a critical role in the development of these disorders. Some problems with interpersonal communication may be secondary to these pathological family processes. In particular, there is some evidence linked childhood sexual abuse to a failure to develop adequate social skills, which in turn contributes to the development of eating disorders. Recent studies on the general personal relationships of people with eating disorders are also suggestive of interpersonal difficulties. Interpersonal rejection and distressed personal relationships are common problems in this population. Findings on family-of-origin experiences show that among those who are married, there is a strong association between eating disorders and marital distress. Like so many other psychological problems, eating disorders are situated in a network of other psychological problems with which they coexist, such as depression, borderline personality disorder (BPD), substance use disorders, and anxiety disorders. In the family-of-orientation experiences in eating disorders, there are family process variables. There is a dysfunctional interaction pattern among families of patients with anorexia nervosa. The interaction in these families often minimized conflict, with a rigid, nonadaptable style. #RandolphHarris 7 of 24
These interactions were argued to be entwined with the symptoms of the disorder. Other family systems researchers and clinicians also saw eating disorders as built into and around family relations. Significant others usually interact with the bulimic in ways that exaggerate relationship characteristics that were present, but in a more subtle form, before the bulimia was revealed. The bulimia becomes a symptom around which the whole family revolves. While it may appear to be the individual’s problem, bulimia is a signal that the environment is not meeting one’s needs. In a family system perspective, disordered eating is understood to be caused and maintained by a family’s interpersonal behaviour, which itself is assumed to be influenced by the disordered eating of one of its members. Family process variables continue to receive a great deal of attention from those who seek to explain the origins and course of eating disorders. Examples of this can be found in the investigations on family cohesion and family adaptability. System-oriented researchers have emphasized these variables as two dimensions of family relationships that are crucial to healthy family functioning, provided that neither one is too extreme. Multiple studies indicate that eating disorders are associated with perceptions of low family cohesion. Although this finding has been relatively stable across child and parent reports, children with eating disorders give lower ratings of their families’ cohesiveness than their parents do. Generally, daughters’ ratings of family interaction have more diagnostic utility for predicting their eating disorders than mothers’ and especially fathers’ ratings do. Regardless of which family member’s perception is actually “correct,” the fact that a parent and a child with an eating disorder differ in their view of the family’s cohesiveness is perhaps itself diagnostically significant. #RandolphHarris 8 of 24
Investigations of family adaptability have yielded less consistent results than those of cohesion. Some evidence indicates a negative association between family adaptability and symptoms of eating disorders. However, a study found more chaos, less organization, and more poorly defined boundaries in the family, all suggestive of pathologically high level of adaptability, among patients with eating disorders. In most studies, the families appeared to be extreme in their adaptability (either too much or too little) indicating potentially detrimental family relations. As in schizophrenia, family EE is emerging as an important family process variable in eating disorders. Investigation indicated that aspects of maternal EE during the interactions of patients with eating disorders and their families explained 28-34 percent of the variance in the patients’ eventual outcome and response to therapy. The extent to which mothers made openly critical comments during family interaction assessment was a stronger predictor of patients’ outcomes than a host of other impressive predictors, such as premorbid body weight, duration of illness, body mass index, and age at onset. Inappropriate parental pressure is a phenomenon that may be particularly prominent in families of people with eating disorders. When compared to both psychiatric controls and nonpsychiatric controls, one sample of patients with eating disorders experienced excessive pressure from parents. #RandolphHarris 9 of 24
This phenomenon is described as “gender-inappropriate pressure, age-inappropriate pressure, and inappropriate to the child’s abilities…the adolescents felt that they had been forced into an exaggerated feminine style of behaviour, that their parents had discussed topis (such as parental pleasures of the flesh) before the adolescents were prepared to deal with such subjects, and that the adolescents had been made to engage in activities which reflected their parents’ ambitions rather than their own. This leaves an adolescent in a state of conflict between premature exposure to the World of adults and anxiety over what is involved in that World, such as sexuality and high levels of achievement. Perhaps by exerting control over their own eating, adolescents may gain some feeling of mastery or control over this conflict. The families of patients with eating disorders identified four mechanisms by which family members contributed to the eating disorders, two of which are indicative of inappropriate parental pressure: high emphasis on achievement/perfection and overconcern with beauty/appearance/thinness. In American society, it is easy to locate very young children involved in competitive activities such as gymnastics, figure skating, ballet, and beauty contests. When 3- and 4- year-olds are seriously involved in such endeavours, it is difficult to avoid wondering about whose ambition is being pursued. In cases where the motivation come largely from the parents, and where the activity places an emphasis on physical appearance, the risk for later development of eating disorders is serious. Excessive parental pressure may also engender a sense of perfectionism among children. Perfectionism involves both self-oriented aspects (expecting the self to be perfect) and socially prescribed aspects (perceiving that other expect perfection). #RandolphHarris 10 of 24
Perfectionism has proven to be a risk factor for bulimia nervosa, particularly for women who are otherwise low in self-esteem. By pressuring their children to achieve, parents may inadvertently convey the attitude that anything less than “perfect” is a failure. Children who harbour such an attitude, and then perceive that they are not meeting some perfect standard of weight or body image, may engage in binge eating as an escape response to their painful self-awareness, which is then corrected with purging. Other family process variable that have been implicated in eating disorders include disturbed affective expression, low levels of family communication, lack of parental care, excessive parental overprotectiveness and intrusiveness, and excessive parental control. This last variable has particular significance, in that that symptoms of eating disorders may be overt manifestations of a struggle for control. Particularly among women with eating disorders and a history of sexual abuse, an external locus of control (id est, feeling little personal control over one’s fate) is common. Although the struggle for control may originally be with the parents, there is no reason to believe that it may extend to others with whom such women are in relationships. The rather paradoxical nature of some of these family processes in eating disorders is nicely illustrated. It was found that parents of patients with anorexia nervosa were simultaneously more nurturing and comforting, but also more ignoring and neglecting of their daughters, than were parents of either healthy controls or patients with bulimia nervosa. #RandolphHarris 11 of 24
In contrast, the patients with bulimia nervosa and their parents showed signs of hostile enmeshment. These mixed messages create ambivalence about separation for daughters with anorexia nervosa. “Yet amid all these things we are more than conquerors and gain a surpassing victory through Him Who loved us. For I am persuaded beyond doubt (am sure) that neither death nor life, nor angels nor principalities, nor things impending and threatening nor things to come, nor powers, nor height not depth, nor anything else in all creation will be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord,” reports Romans 8.37-39. We all make mistakes, but God does not disqualify us simply because we have failed. He is the God of forgiveness. Even if you have missed your journey, God will always find a way to get you to a position of success. Some people have made some serious mistakes; they have done some things that were not the best for their life, and now they are living in guilt, condemnation, or with a sense of disqualification and disappointment and disillusionment. Several individuals feel they are in a trap house. The way to escape the trap house and trap spouse is to seek and receive God’s mercy and forgiveness, and move on with one’s life. Let go of the condemnation of the past mistakes. Seek God’s forgiveness, pick up the pieces and move on. God still have a great future for you. Keep on striving for success, continue, expect, endure in the face of opposition. Be persistent. Do not leave until you receive. Be just that stubborn about things that are significance to you, as long as it is safe and a rational desire. Have a persistent faith. True faith asks and receives. #RandolphHarris 12 of 24
Persistent faith is faith that receives or takes from God. Faith takes This is what Jesus Christ is telling us. “Ask once and you receive.” That is consistent with Jesus’ teaching on prayer. Receive and keep on receiving every time you ask. If you child asks you for food, you would it to him or her. You would not make one ask a hundred more times, then change your mind The enemy would like for you to believe that is what God is like. That kind of thinking will lead one into error and hold one in bondage. The adversary wants to twist the Word and distort your image of God. Jesus Christ said, “Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you. For every one that asketh recieiveth.” Jesus Christ said it, ad you can be sure Jesus meant what He said. Father, today I receive Your mercy and forgiveness. Despite my past, I believe You still have great things in store for me. Teach me how to shake off disappointment, guilt, or condemnation and live today in an attitude of faith. “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness,” reports 1 John 1.9. The intellect, uncontrolled by intuition and unguided by revelation, has spawned the two great masters of our time—Science holding the atom bomb and Communism holding the revolution. Science, which is the last century promised so much, gave us the terrible problem of atomic war instead. Its ardent advocates pointed at it only yesterday as the road to our salvation. Today it has become the road to our destruction. This is not to say that it was a false light, but that we mistook its proper place and claimed too much for its human possibilities. We let it run away with us and our religion. We lost ourselves and our bearings. #RandolphHarris 13 of 24
The atom bomb made us regard Nature as self-operative in a solely mechanical way. It left life on Earth without spiritual meaning, without moral purpose. Communism is another Heaven-promising panacea which has helped to make this Earth a little hell. If it accepts the leadership of humans, such as Communists, who regard conscience as a disease, there can be no worthwhile future for humanity. The Communist insensibility in practice to human suffering accords ill with its vaunted idealism in theory. Communism’s twisted ethic of wild hatred, its hard cruel face, its blind slavish obedience to a brutal organization which cares more for itself than for the workers it was supposed to save, its insane preachments against religion and denial of life beyond matter, have brought enough suffering to makes claims sound absurdly exaggerated. However, the intellectual movement which produced Science and the social movement which produced Communism will not continue unchecked. They are approaching the utmost limit possible. The violent materialism for which they are responsible will culminate in the next Armageddon, which will not only end them, but also end the epoch itself. In order to lay out the general cause of the difference, a distinction has to be made here between the prince and the government. The body of the magistrates can be made up of a larger or smaller number of members. We have said that the ratio of the sovereign to the subjects was greater in proportion as the populace was more numerous, and by a manifest analogy we can say the same thing about the government in relation to the magistrates. Since the total force of the government is always that of the state, it does not vary. Whence it follows that the more of this force it uses on its own members, the less that is left to it for acting on the whole populace. #RandolphHarris 14 of 24
Therefore, the more numerous the magistrates, the weaker the government. Since this maxim is fundamental, let us attempt to explain it more clearly. We can distinguish in the person of the magistrate three essentially different wills. First, the individual’s own will, which tends only to its own advantage. Second, the common will of the magistrates which is uniquely related to the advantage of the price. This latter can be called the corporate will, and is general in relation to the government, and particular in relation to the state, of which the government form a part. Third, the will of the people or the sovereign will, which is general both in relation to the state considered as the whole and in relation to the government considered as part of the whole. In a perfect act of legislation, the private or individual will should be nonexistent; the corporate power will proper to the government should be very subordinate; and consequently the general or sovereign will should always be dominant and the unique rule of all the others. According to the natural order, on the contrary, these various wills become more active in proportion as they are the more concentrated. Thus the general will is always the weakest, the corporate will has second place, and the private will is first of all, so that in the government each member is first oneself, then a magistrate, and then a citizen—a gradation directly opposite to the one required by the social order. Granting this, let us suppose the entire government is in the hands of one single human. In that case the private will and the corporate will are perfectly united, and consequently the latter is at the highest degree of intensity it can reach. However, since the use of force is dependent upon the degree of will, and since the absolute force of the government does not vary one bit, it follows that the most active of governments is that of one single human. #RandolphHarris 15 of 24
On the other hand, let us suppose we are uniting the government to the legislative authority. Let us make the sovereign the prince and all the citizens that many magistrates. Then the corporate will, confused with the general will, will have no more activity than the latter, and will leave the private will all its force. Thus the government, always with the same absolute force, will have it minimum relative force or activity. These relationships are incontestable, and there are still other considerations that serve to confirm them. We see, for example, that each magistrate is more active in one’s body than each citizen is in one’s, and consequently that the private will has much more influence on the acts of the government than on those of the sovereign. For each magistrate is nearly always charged with the responsibility for some function of government, whereas each citizen, taken by oneself, exercises no function of sovereignty. Moreover, the more the state is extended, the more its real force increases, although it does not increase in proportion to its size. However, if the state remains the same, the magistrates may well be multiplied without the government acquiring any greater real force, since this force is that of the state, whose size is always equal. Thus the relative force or activity of the government diminishes without its absolute or real force being able to increase. It is also certain that the execution of public business becomes slower in proportion as more people are charged with the responsibility for it; that in attaching too much importance to prudence, too little importance is attached to fortune, opportunities are missed, and the fruits of deliberation are often lost by dint of deliberation. I have just proved that the government becomes slack in proportion as the magistrates are multiplied; and I have previously proved that the more numerous the people, the greater should be the increase of repressive force. #RandolphHarris 16 of 24
Whence it follows that the ratio of the magistrate to the government should be the inverse of the ratio of the subjects to the sovereign; that is to say, the more the state increases in size, the more the government should shrink, so that the number of leaders decreases in proportion to the number of people. I should add that I am speaking here only about the relative force of the government and not about its rectitude. For, on the contrary, the more numerous the magistrates, the more closely the corporate will approaches the general will, whereas under a single magistrate, the same corporate will is, as I have said, merely a particular will thus what can be gained on the one hand is lost on the other, and the art of the legislator is to know how to determine the point at which the government’s will and force, always in a reciprocal proportion, are combined in the relationship that is most advantageous to the state. What has gone almost unnoticed is not merely a change in the patterns of participation in the market but, even more fundamentally, the completion of the entire historical process of market-building. This turning point is so revolutionary in its implications, yet so subtle, that capitalist and Marxist thinkers alike, lost in their Second Wave polemics, have scarcely noticed its signs. It fits into neither of their theories and thus has remained undetectably by them. The human race has been busy constructing a Worldwide exchange network—a market—for at least 10,000 years. In the past 360 years, ever since the Second Wave began, this process has roared forward at very high speed. Second Wave civilization “marketized” the World. Today—at the very moment when prosuming begins to rise again—this process is coming to and end. #RandolphHarris 17 of 24
The immense historical meaning of this cannot be appreciated unless we are clear about what a market exchange network is. It helps to imagine it as a pipeline. When the industrial revolution burst forth on the Earth, launching the Second Wave, very few people on the planet were tired into the money system. Trade existed but only the peripheries of society were touched by it. The various networks of jobbers, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, bankers, and other elements of the trade system were small and rudimentary—providing only a few narrow pipelines through which goods and money might flow. For 360 years we poured Earth-cracking energies into building this pipeline. In was accomplished in three ways. First the merchants and mercenaries of the Second Wave civilization spread around the globe, inviting or coercing new populations to enter the market—to produce more and prosume less. Self-sufficient African tribesmen were induced or compelled to grow cash crops and dig copper. Asian who once grew their own food were put to work on plantation instead, trapping rubber trees to put tires on automobiles. Latin Americas began growing coffee for ale in Europe and the Untied States of America. With each such development the pipeline was built or further elaborated and more and more populations drawn into dependence on it. The second way in which the market expanded was through the increasing “commoditization” of life. Not only were larger populations enmeshed in the market but more and more goods and services were designed for the market, requiring a continual enlargement of the “channel capacity” of the system—a widening, as it were, of the diameter of the pipes. #RandolphHarris 18 of 24
Finally, the market expanded in another way. As society and the economy grew more complex, the number of transactions required for, say, a single bar of soap to pass from producer to consumer multiplied. The more intermediaries, the more ramified the maze of channels or pipes became. This growing elaborateness of the system was itself a form of further development, like the addition of still more special tubes and values to a pipeline. Today all these forms of market expansion are reaching their outer limits. Few populations still remain to be brought into the market. Only a handful of the remotest people remain untouched by the market. Even the hundreds of millions of subsistence farmers in poor countries are at least partially integrated into the market and the accompanying money system. What remains, therefore, is a mopping-up operation at best. The market can no longer expand by engulfing vast new populations. The second form of expansion is still at least theoretically possible. With imagination, we can still, no doubt, think up additional services or goods to sell or barter. However, it is precisely here that the rise of the prosumer becomes significant. The relationships between Sector A and Sector B are complex, and many of the activities of prosumers depend on the purchase of materials or tools from the market. However, the rise of self-help, in particular, and the de-marketization of many goods and services suggests that here, too, the end of the process of marketization may be insight. Lastly, the increasing elaborateness of the “pipeline”—the growing complexity of distribution, the interpolation of more and more middlemen—also appears to be reaching a point of no return. #RandolphHarris 19 of 24
The costs of exchange itself, even as conventionally measured, are now outrunning the costs of material production in many fields. At some point this process reaches a limit. Computers, meanwhile, and the emergence of a prosumer-activated technology both point to smaller inventories and simplified, rather than more complex chains of distribution. Once again, therefore, the evidence points to the end of the process of marketization, if not in our time, then soon after. If our “pipeline project” is nearing completion, what might this mean for our work, our values, and our psyches? A market, after all, does not consist of the steal or shoes or cotton or canned food that flows through it. The market is the structure through which such goods and services are routed. Moreover, it is not simply an economic structure. It is a way of organizing people, a way of thinking, an ethos, and a shared set of expectations (exempli gratia, the expectation that goods purchased will indeed be delivered). The market is thus as much a psychosocial structure as an economic reality. And its effects far transcend economics. By systematically interrelating billions of people to one another, the market produced a World in which no one had independent control over one’s destiny—no person, no nation, no culture. It brought with it the belief that economics and economic motivation were the primary forces in human life. It fostered a view of life as a succession of contractual transactions, and of society as bound together by the “marriage contract” or the “social contract.” Marketization thus shaped the thoughts and values, as well as the actions, of billions and set the tone of Second Wave civilization. #RandolphHarris 20 of 24
It took an enormous investment of time, energy, capital, culture, and raw materials to create a situation in which a purchasing agent in South Carolina could do business with an unseen and unknown clerk in South Korea—each with one’s own abacus or computer, each with an internalized image of the market, each with a set of expectations about the other, each performing certain predictable acts because both have been life-trained to play certain prespecified roles, each part of a giant global system involving millions, indeed billions, of others. One might plausibly argue that the construction of this elaborate structure of human relationships, and its explosive diffusion around the planet, was the single most impressive achievement of Second Wave civilization, dwarfing even its spectacular technological achievements. The step-by-step creation of this essentially sociocultural and psychological structure for exchange (quite apart from the torrent of goods and services that flowed through it) can be likened to the building of the Egyptian pyramids, the Roman aqueducts, the Great Wall of China, and the medieval cathedrals, combined and multiplied a thousandfold. This grandest construction project of all history, the laying into place of the tubes and channels through which much of the economic life of civilization pulsed and flowed, gave Second Wave civilization everywhere its inner dynamism and propulsive thrust. Indeed, if this now dying civilization can be said to have had a mission at all, it was to marketize the World. Today that mission is almost fulfilled. The heroic age of market-building is over—to be replaced by a new phase in which we merely maintain, renovate, and update pipeline. We will undoubtedly have to redesign important pieced of it to accommodate radically increased flows of information #RandolphHarris 21 of 24
The system will increasingly depend on electronics, biology and new social technologies. This, too, will no doubt require resources, imagination, and capital. However, compared with the exhausting effort of Second Wave marketization, this renewal program will absorb a far smaller fraction of our time, energy, capital, and imagination. It will use less, not more, hardware and fewer, not more people than the original process of construction. However complex conversion process to be, marketization will fail to be the central project of the civilization. More and more people are seeking intimacy, personality, and humanity. The Third Wave is therefore producing history’s first “transmarket” civilization. By trans-market I do not mean a civilization without exchange networks—a World thrown back into small, isolated, completely self-sufficient communities unable or unwilling to trade with one another. I do not mean a move backward. By “trans-market” I mean a civilization that is dependent on the market but is no longer consumed by the need to build, extend, elaborate, and integrate this structure. A civilization able to move on to a new agenda—precisely because the market has already been laid in place. And just as no one living in the sixteenth century could have imagined how the growth of the market would change the World’s agenda in terms of technology, politics, religion, art, social life, law, marriage, or personality development—so too it is extremely difficult for us today to envision the long-range effects of the end of marketization Yet these are likely to radiate into every cranny of our children’s lives, if not our own. #RandolphHarris 22 of 24
The marketization project exacted a price. Even in purely economic terms this price was enormous. As the productivity of the human race rose during the past three hundred years, a significant part of that productivity—in both sectors—was set aside and allocated to the market-building project. With the basic construction task now virtually complete, the enormous energies previously poured into building the World market system become available for other human purposes. From this fact alone will flow a limitless array of civilization changes. New religions will be born. Works of art on a hitherto unimagined scale. Fantastic scientific advances. And, above all, wholly new kinds of social and political institutions. What is at stake today is more than capitalism or socialism, more than energy, food, population, capital, raw material, or jobs; what is at stake is the role of the market in our lives and the future of civilization itself. This, at its core is what the rise of the prosumer is about. Change in the deep-structure of the economy is part of the same wave of interrelated changes now striking our energy base, our technology, or information system, and our family and business institutions. These are intertwined, in turn with the way we view the World. And in this sphere, too, we are undergoing an historic upheaval. For the entire World view of industrial civilization—indust-reality—is not being revolutionized. Excerpt from an article in a Czech magazine on contemporary Czech literature: “Those ideals which were formerly given to the World by prophets of religion, headed by Jesus the Nazarene, are now practically applied by scientific socialists beginning with Karl Marx.” Such is the plausible self-deception into which so many intellectuals have fallen. This quotation shows a grave lack of understanding of religion, of the prophets, and especially of Jesus. #RandolphHarris 23 of 24
This distance between the Nazarene and the author of the First Communist Manifesto is not merely horizontal, it is vertical. The two men stand on different levels, belong to different Worlds. The presence of hatred as one of its animating ingredients is a moral disadvantage to any social movement. This is one reason why modern Communism is built on an unsure foundation. From the Center Galactic Source which is everywhere at once, may everything be known as the light of mutual love. O Hidden Life vibrant in every atom; O Hidden Light! shining in every creature; O Hidden Love! embracing all in Oneness; may each who feels oneself as one with Thee, know one is also one with every other. Magnified and sanctified be the name of God throughout the World which He hath created according to His will. May He establish His kingdom during the days of your life and during the life of all the house of America, speedily, yea, soon; and say ye, Amen. May His great name be blessed for ever and ever. Exalted and honoured be the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, whose glory transcends, yea, is beyond all praises, hymns, and blessings that humans can render unto Him; and say ye, Amen. When I call upon the Lord, ascribe greatness unto our God. O Lord, open Thou my lips and my mouth shall declare Thy praise. Praised art Thou, O Lord our God and God of our fathers, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob, mighty, revered and exalted God. Thou bestowest lovingkindness and possessest all things. Mindful of the patriarchs’ love for Thee, Thou wilt in Thy love bring a redeemer to their children’s children for the sake of Thy name. Remember us unto life, O King who delightest in life, and inscribe us in the Book of Life so that we may live worthily for Thy sake, O Lord of life. O King, Thou Helper, Redeemer and Shield, be Thou praised, O Lord, Shield of Abraham. Thou, O Lord, art mighty forever. Thou callest the dead to immortal life for Thou art mighty in deliverance. #RandolphHarris 24 of 24
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Rancho Cordova, CA |
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See What a Big Heart I Have? God, See How Good I am? See How Much You Need Me?
Believe it or not, the focus on mental health has been around as long as human beings. It is not a new science, but an evolving science. In fact, in the Stone Age, doctors had methods for treating mental disorders. And before the American Revolution, only 10 percent of the 3,5000 doctors in the country had any formal training. Fewer than 5 percent had medical degrees. As of the year 2021, there are nearly 1 million physicians in the United States of American, and approximately 650,000 are active. If you think about it, that is a relatively small number. By the 1970s exorcism had all but disappeared from Western culture. Then in 1973, the enormously popular book and movie The Exorcist spurred an onslaught of books and movies on demonic possession, and public interest in this kind of intervention increased dramatically. Since then, numerous evangelical ministers and charismatics have declared themselves exorcists and performed exorcisms on people with behavioural disturbances. In most such instances, the person’s problems have failed to respond to a conventional intervention such as psychotherapy or drug therapy. Typically, the exorcist blesses the person who is thought to be possessed, recites passages from the Bible, and commands the evil spirits to leave the body. Often a support group is present to pray for the person while one cries out and perhaps even thrashes on the floor, regurgitates, or flails out. During the 1900s, the techniques used by some contemporary exorcists seemed to grow more extreme, at times dangerous. The media reported cases of death by exorcism; a New York mother accidentally smothered her teenage daughter during one such procedure and a Rhode Island man jammed steel crosses down his mother-in-law’s throat. In addition, a growing number of priests began to perform spiritual cleansing ceremonies not sanctioned by the Roman Catholic Church. By 2020, hundred of exorcists, from evangelical ministers and charismatics to unsanctioned priests, were performing a wide variety of exorcisms in the United State of America. Sancte Michael Archangele, defende nos in proelio contra nequitiam et insidias diaboli esto proesidium. Imperet Illi Deus, supplices deprecamur: tuque, princepes militioe coelestis, Satanam aliosque spiritus malignos, qui ad perditionem animarum pervagantur in mundo, divina virtue. In infernum detrude. Amen. #RandolphHarris 1 of 23
In order to regulate this growing field, both within and outside the church, and to ensure more acceptable procedures, the Roman Catholic church in the United States of America has become more actively involved in exorcisms during the past decade. The number of full-time exorcists formally appointed by the church increased from 1 in 1990 to 250 in 2020. Over the past several years, these officials have investigated and evaluated hundreds of cases in which individuals or their relatives or priests have sought exorcisms, determining in each case whether exorcism is appropriate. In 1999 the church issued a revised Catholic rite of exorcism for the first time since 1614, establishing rules to be followed in making such decisions and in the exorcisms themselves. For example, a church exorcism can take place only after the church-approved exorcist consults with physicians to rule out mental or physical disorders. Also church exorcism must be approved by a bishop. As a result of such rules and procedures, only a small number of potential cases actually result in church-approved exorcisms. Even a small number of exorcisms, however, is excessive in the eyes of many mental health professionals. They argue that one can never totally rule out and physical causes in cases of abnormal functioning and that exorcism—even those that are carefully selected and conducted—divert attention from more accurate explanations of abnormal behaviour and more appropriate interventions. Given its long history and deep roots, this debate is not likely to be settled in the near future. #RandolphHarris 2 of 23
Now, reflecting on the Middle Ages (from the 5th century to the late 15th century), when they drew to a close, demonology and its methods began to lose favour. Towns throughout Europe grew into cities, and municipal authorities gained more power and took over nonreligious activities. Among their other responsibilities, they began to run hospitals and direct the care of people suffering from mental disorders. Medical views of abnormality gained favour once again. When lunacy trials were heled in the late thirteenth-century England to determine the sanity of certain persons, it was not unusual for natural causes, such as a “blow to the head” or “fear of one’s father,” to be held responsibility for an individual’s unusual behaviour. During these same years, many people with psychological disturbances received treatment in medical hospitals. The Trinity Hospital in England, for example, was established to treat “madness,” among other kinds of illnesses, and keep the mad “safe until they are restored to reason.” During the early part of the Renaissance, a period of flourishing cultural and scientific activity (about 1400-1700), demonological views of abnormality continued to decline. The German physician Johann Weyer (151501588), the first physician to specialize in mental illness, believed that the mind was as susceptible to sickness as the body. He is now considered the founder of the modern study of psychopathology. The care of people with mental disorders continued to improve in this atmosphere. In England such individuals might be kept at home while their families were aided financially by the local parish. #RandolphHarris 3 of 23
Across Europe religious shrines were devoted to the humane and loving treatment of people with mental disorders. The best known of these shrines was actually established centuries earlier at Gheel in Belgium, but beginning in the fifteenth century, people came to it from all over the World for psychic healing. Local residents welcomed these pilgrims into their homes, and many stayed on to form the World’s first “colony” of mental patients. Gheel was the forerunner of today’s community mental healthy programs, and it continues to demonstrate the people with psychological disorders can respond to loving care and respectful treatment. Today patients are still welcome to live in foster homes in this town, interacting with other residents, until they recover. Unfortunately, these improvements in care began to fade by the mid-sixteenth century. By then municipal authorities had discovered that percentage of those with severe mental disorders and that medial hospitals were too few and too small. Increasingly, they converted hospitals and monasteries into asylums, institutions whose primary purpose was to care for people with mental illness. These institutions were founded with every intention of providing good care. Once the asylums started to overflow, however, they became virtual prisons where patients were held in filthy conditions and treated with unspeakable cruelty. The first asylum had been founded in Muslim Spain in the early fifteenth century, but the idea did not gain full momentum until the 1500s. In 1547, Bethlehem Hospital was given to the city of London by Henry VIII for the sole purpose of confining the mentally ill. #RandolphHarris 4 of 23
In the Bethlehem Hospital asylum patients bound in chains cried out for all to hear. During certain phases of the moon in particular, they might be chained and whipped in order to prevent violence. The hospital even became a popular tourist attraction; people were eager to pay to loo at the howling and gibbering inmates. The hospital’s name, pronounced “Bedlam” by the local people, has come to mean a chaotic uproar. Similarly, in the Lunatics’ Tower in Vienna, patients were herded into narrow hallways by the outer walls so that tourist outside could look up and see them. In La Bicetre in Paris, patients were shackled to the walls of cold, dark, dirty cells with iron collars and given spoiled food that could be sold nowhere else. Outrageous devices and techniques, such as the “crib,” which was basically like a combination of a baby’s crib and a coffin, which was about six feet long, 12 inches off the ground, 12 inches deep, with bars on the side and a coffin top, were used in asylums, and some continued to be used during the reforms of the nineteenth century. However, for the most part, such asylums remained a popular form of “care” until the late 1700s. For most people with a personality disorder, the extent of their psychosocial problems often does not stop there. One could also say that many people with other psychosocial problems also have personality disorders. It is of interest that personality disorders are comorbid with other personality disorders. For example, one study estimated the comorbidity of HPD (histrionic personality disorder, a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking) and NPD (narcissistic personality disorder, an exaggerated sense of self-worth and entitlement, coupled with a nearly insatiable thirst for attention and acclaim) at 30.4. #RandolphHarris 5 of 23
The rates of personality disorders among people with major depression are astonishingly high. As many as 20-50 percent of inpatients and 50-85 percent of outpatients with major depressive disorder have a personality disorder. Chief among these are BPD (borderline personality disorder, which involves instability of interpersonal relationships, affect, and self-image; exhibiting intense and variable mood, ranging from irritability to euphoria to impulsive anger and even self-destructive behaviour) and HPD. This high rate of comorbidities (the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient) by appealing to common interpersonal issues. By definition, people with personality disorders have a rigid and otherwise problematic interpersonal style. This personality pathology can generate interpersonal stressors, leading to depression. In fact, researchers have identified interpersonal styles that play a role in stress generation in romantic contexts. These include a dependent style, which is submissive, fearful of abandonment, and reliant on others for self-esteem; and an obsessive-compulsive style, reflecting perfectionism, rigidity and distrust in others. These personality profiles are remarkably similar to those of DPD (a strong sense of interpersonal submission) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Personality disorders are also evident among those with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. As many as 38 percent of patients with bipolar disorder meet the criteria for at least one personality disorder. At the time of hospital admission in one study, 30-45 percent of patients with schizophrenia were also found to have personality disorder. #RandolphHarris 6 of 23
Problems as serious as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a profound impact on interpersonal behaviour and relationships. In schizophrenia, depending upon the particular type, delusional thinking can prompt severely withdraw and avoidant behaviour, as well as conduct that reflect ambivalence about relationships with other people. Similarly, the fluctuating affect states of patients with bipolar disorder can produce interpersonal behaviour that ranges from withdrawn to grandiose, dramatic, and voraciously self-entitled. One thread that connects all of these disorders is maladaptive interpersonal behaviour. This behavior which is intrinsic to personality disorders, may then perpetuate and maintain symptoms of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder because of the often negative and harmful interpersonal consequences it produces. Alcoholism and other substance use problems are evident in as many as 66.3 percent of makes and 33.3 percent of females with ASPD (anti-social personality disorder a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of other persons’ rights). This particular personality disorder generally precedes substance use disorders, since it is defined in part by a pattern of behaviour that is evident before the age of 15 (id est, conduct disorder), whereas evidence of full-blown substance dependence is generally not evident until later in the teens or early 20s. Problems with socialization, generally at the hands of parents, appear to be key interpersonal antecedents to both problems. Ineffective parenting, modeling of antisocial behaviour, and modeling of substance use may dually predispose young children to develop both ASPD and drug or alcohol dependence. #RandolphHarris 7 of 23
In addition to being comorbid with depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other personality disorders, the incidence of personality disorders is also elevated among those with eating disorders, substance use disorders, and somatoform disorders. Problems, like depression and schizophrenia, share common interpersonal motifs with various personality disorders. In the case of eating disorders, there is no reason to suspect that the rigid and maladaptive interpersonal behaviour inherent in the personality disorders predisposes such individuals to developing these related psychosocial problems. Personality disorders are defined, in part, by inflexible and generally maladaptive modes of relation to other people. Although the personality disorders are not as well researched and understood as many other psychological problems, interpersonal relations appear to play a prominent role in both the origins and consequences of these sometimes enigmatic disorders. A number of hypotheses, some with attendant empirical support, suggest that early experiences in the family of origin may be crucial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of some personality disorders. Family interactions involving excessive admiration and attention, physical and sexual abuse, inconsistent reinforcement, and rejection are replete in descriptions of the early childhood experiences of people with personality disorders. Perhaps as a result of these pathological interpersonal experiences, people with personality disorders develop ways of relating to other people that are extremely maladaptive and unsuitable to the needs of those in their social environment. Consequently, the persistence of interpersonal problems and distress is almost guaranteed, making personality disorders particularly interactable. #RandolphHarris 8 of 23
Our time here on Earth is so short. What a shame it would be to allow something that happened in the past—whether it was twenty years ago or twenty minutes ago—to ruin the rest one’s life or Earth. No matter how extravagantly Jesus Christ squandered His charity, it never seemed to lessen. No matter how recklessly He paid out the fruits of His propitiation, they never seemed to be exhausted. Every time we approach the Sacrament, we ought to spend some time recollecting our souls, and praying on the great Mystery of Salvation. Whether we celebrate the Sacrament or just heat the Mass, come afresh. That is to say, think of it as the very day that Christ descended into the womb of the Virgin and was made Man. Or very day that Christ hung on the cross, suffering and dying for the salvation of Humanity. That is how to turn an experience grown dull into a truly enormous, novel, joyful event. One must make up one’s mind to do one’s best to enjoy every single day. We all make mistakes; things may not always go the way one wants them to go. We may be disappointed at times, but think about that joy and freedom that comes from making a decision to live one’s life happy anyway. It is a great goal to not allow what does or does not happen to one steal one’s joy and keep one from God’s abundant life. Sometimes an individual may allow something that happens in the morning to disrupt one’s entire day. Getting stuck in traffic can be a real let down. Being an hour late to work can produce a lot of anxiety, which will cause fear and frustration. However, do not let that ruin your day because no matter how upset one gets, there is nothing one can do to change that event when it is already set in motion. Just enjoy the day and know God is in control. Next time just wake up an hour earlier. #RandolphHarris 9 of 23
Sure, words can hurt us all. However, just because someone offends you in the morning, understand they may be going through something and brush it off. Often times, people’s bad attitudes have nothing to do with the personal they are projecting on. They just want to release some frustration and hurt someone else to make themselves feel better. “Lead me, O Lord, in Your righteousness because of my enemies; make Your way level (straight and right) before my face. For there is nothing trustworthy or steadfast or truthful in their talk; their heart is destructive [or a destructive chasm, a yawning gulf]; their throat is an open sepulcher; they flatter and make smooth with their tongue. Hold them guilty, O God; et them fall by their own designs and counsels; cast them out because of the multitude of their transgressions, for they have rebelled against You. However, let all those who take refuge and put their trust in You rejoice; let them ever sing and shot for joy, because You make a covering over them and defend them; let those also who love Your name be joyful in You and be in high spirits. For You, Lord, will bless the [uncompromisingly] righteous [one who is upright and in right standing with You]; as with a shield You will surround one with goodwill (pleasure and favour),” reports Psalms 5.8-12. When you wake up in the morning, do not recall mistakes from the past. Instead wake up and pray, “Father, I thank You that this is going to be a great day. I thank You that I have discipline, self-control; that I make good decisions. I may not have what I could have yesterday, but that day is gone. I am going to get up and do well today.” Wake up every morning and receive God’s love and mercy. When one makes mistakes, be so critical. Ask God for forgiveness and then move on, confident that the moment you ask, God forgives you. #RandolphHarris 10 of 23
God does not want His children to mope around defeated. He wants one to get up and prepare for success and to be kind and loving. Not only is God a loving and forgiving God, but He also chooses not to remember your mistakes. If someone keeps brining up negative incidents from your past, you know that is not God. One may have done some things one is not proud of, but when one asks God to forgive one, He washed those things away. Furthermore, God does not even keep a record of it. He is not going to flip back through His DVD player and say, “Oh, wait a minute. I found something on your record back there in 2001. I cannot bless you.” No, as far as God is concerned, you do not even have a past. It is forgiven and gone. You are ready for a great present and a bight future. God let go of the past. The question is: Will you let it go? Will you quit remembering what God has chosen to forget? Behold, we come to You, O Lord, that Your Gift will do us well. Also, we want to rejoice at the party “You have so thoughtfully prepared for the poor, O God”; that felicitous phrasing is the Psalmist’s (68.10). Behold, in You everything that we can and ought to desire. You are our Salvation and Redemption, our Hope and Fortitude, our Grace and Glory. Therefore today, “Make joyful the soul of Your servant, for we are turned to You, Lord Jesus Christ,” if we may paraphrase the Psalmist; “for today is the day I lift up my soul,” (86.4). Yes, Father, I accept Your forgiveness. Thank You for loving me even when I make mistakes, poor choices, or wrong decisions. Please Help me to live today free of the past. “I will give to the Lord the thanks due to His rightness and justice, and I will sing praise to the name of the Lord Most High,” reports Psalm 7.17. #RandolphHarris 11 of 23
In the government one finds the intermediate forces whose relationships make up that of the whole to the whole or of the sovereign to the state. This last relationship can be represented as one between the extremes of a continuous proportion, whose proportional mean is the government. The government receives from the sovereign the orders it gives the people, and, for the state to be in good equilibrium, there must, all things considered, be an equality between the output or the power of the government, taken by itself, and the output or power of the citizens, who are sovereigns on the one hand and subjects on the other. Moreover, none of these three terms could be altered without the simultaneous destruction of the proportion. If the sovereign wishes to govern, or if the magistrate wishes to give laws, of if the subjects refuse to obey, disorder replaces rule, force and will no longer act in concert, and thus the state dissolves and falls into despotism or anarchy. Finally, since there is only one proportional mean between each relationship, there is only one good government possible for the state. However, since a thousand events can change the relationships of a people, not only can different governments be good for different peoples, but also for the same people at different times. In trying to provide an idea of the various relationships that can obtain between these two extremes, I will take as an example the number of people, since it is a more easily expressed relationship. Suppose the state is composed of ten thousand citizens. The sovereign can only be considered collectively and as a body. However, each private individual in one’s position as a subject is regarded as an individual. Thus the sovereign is to the subject as ten thousand is to one. #RandolphHarris 12 of 23
In other words, each member of the state has as one’s share only one ten-thousandth of sovereign authority, even though one is totally in subjection to it. If the populace is made up of a hundred thousand humans, the condition of the subjects does not change, and each bears equally the entire dominion of the laws, while one’s vote, reduced to one hundred-thousandth, has ten times less influence in the drafting of them. In that case, since the subject always remains one, the ratio of the sovereign to the subject increases in proportion to the number of citizens. Whence it follows that the larger the state becomes, the less liberty there is. When I say that the ratio increases, I mean that it places a distance between itself and equality. Thus the greater the ratio is in the sense employed by geometricians, the less relationship there is in the everyday sense of the word. In the former sense, the ratio, seen in terms of quantity, is measured by the quotient; in the latter sense, ratio, seen in the terms of identity, is reckoned by similarity. Now the less relationship there is between private wills and the general will, that is, between mores and the laws, the more repressive force ought to increase. Therefore, in order to be good, the government must be relatively stronger in proportion as the populace is more numerous. One the other hand, as the growth of the state gives the trustees of the public authority more temptations and the means of abusing their power, the more the force the government must have in order to contain the people, the more the force the sovereign must have in order to contain the government. I am speaking here not of an absolute force but of the relative force of the various parts of the state. #RandolphHarris 13 of 23
It follows from this twofold relationship that the continuous proportion between the sovereign, the prince and the people, is in no way an arbitrary idea, but a necessary consequence of the nature of the body of politic. It also follows that since one of the extremes, namely the people as subject, is fixed and represented by unity, whenever the doubled ratio increases or decreases, the simple ratio increases or decreases in like fashion, and that as a consequence the middle term is changed. This makes it clear that there is no unique and absolute constitution of government, but that there can be as many governments of differing natures as there are states of differing sizes. If, in ridiculing this system, someone were to say that in order to find this proportional mean and to form the body of the government, it is necessary merely, in my opinion, to derive the square root of the number of people, I would replay that here I am taking this number only as an example; that the relationships I am speaking of are not measure solely by the number of humans, but in general by the quantity of action, which is the combination of a multitude of causes; and that, in addition, if to express myself in fewer words I borrow for the moment the terminology of geometry, I nevertheless, am not unaware of the fact that geometrical precision has no place in moral quantities. The government is on a small scale what the body politic which contains it is on a large scale. It is a moral person endowed with certain faculties, active like the sovereign and passive like the state, and capable of being broken down into other similar relationships whence there arises according to the other of tribunals, until an indivisible middle term is reached; that is, a single leader or supreme magistrate, who can be represented in the midst of this progression as the unity between the series of fractions and that of the whole numbers. #RandolphHarris 14 of 23
Without involving ourselves in the multiplication of terms, let us content ourselves with considering the government as a new body in the state, distinct from the people and sovereign, and intermediate between them. The essential difference between these two bodies is that the state exists by itself, while the government exists only through the sovereign. Thus the dominant will of the prince is not and should not be anything other than the general will of the law. One’s force is merely the public force concentrated in one. As soon as one wants to derive from oneself some absolute and independent act, the bond that links everything together begins to come loose. If it should finally happen that the prince had a private will more active that that of the sovereign, and that he had made use of some of the public force that is available to him in order to obey this private will, so that there would be, so to speak, two sovereigns—one de jure and the other de facto, at that moment the social union would vanish and the body politic would be dissolved. However, for the body of the government to have an existence, a real life that distinguishes it from the body of the state, and for all its members to be able to act in concert and to fulfill the purpose for which it is instituted, there must be a particular self, a sensibility common to all its members, a force or will of its own that tends toward its preservation. This particular existence presupposes assemblies, councils, a power to deliberate and decide, rights, titles and privileges that belong exclusively to the prince and that render the condition of the magistrate more honourable in proportion as it is more onerous. #RandolphHarris 15 of 23
The difficulties lie in the manner in which this subordinate whole is so organized within the whole, that in no way alters the general constitution by strengthening its own, that is always distinguishes its particular force, which is intended for its own preservation of the state, and that, in a word, it is always ready to sacrifice the government to the people and not the people to the government. In addition, although the artificial body of the government is the work of another artificial body and has, in a sense, only a borrowed and subordinate life, this does not prevent it from being capable of acting with more or less vigour or speed, or from enjoying, so to speak, more or less robust health. Finally, without departing directly from the purpose of its institution, it can deviate more or less from it, according to the manner in which it is constituted. From all these differences arise the diverse relationships that the government should have with the body of the state, according to the accidental and particular relationships by which the state itself is modified. For often the government that is best in itself will become the most vicious, if its relationships are not altered according to the defects of the body politic to which it belongs. It is possible that the much-bewailed decline of the Protestant work ethic is linked to this shift from production for others to production for self? Everywhere we see the decay of the industrial ethos that promoted hard work Western executive mutter darkly about this “English disease” which is supposed to reduce us all to penury if we do not cure it. “Only the Japanese will work hard,” they say. Matsuri Takahashi, a promising graduate of Japan’s top University, leapt to her death in December of 2015, leaving behind a trail of grievances over relentless days. She clocked more than 105 hours of overtime in October of 2015, before becoming depressed. Her death, deemed by the government to Karushi, or death by overwork. #RandolphHarris 16 of 23
In many other cases, the very people who are supposedly unwilling to work hard on the job are often the same people who are, in fact, working hard off the job—laying bathroom tile, weaving carpets, building tables, creating computer programs, doing household chores, lending their time and talents to a political campaign, attending self-help meetings, sewing, growing vegetables in the garden, writing short stories, or remodeling the attic bedroom. Can it be that the driving motivation that powered the expansion of Sector B is now being channeled into Sector A—into prosuming? The Second Wave brought with it more than steam engines and mechanical looms. It brought with it an immense characterological change. Today we can still see this shift occurring among populations moving from First Wave to Second Wave societies—like the Koreans, for example, who are still busy expanding Sector B at the expense of Sector A. (In Sector A, people produce for their own use. In Sector B, they produce for trade or exchange.) By contrast, in the mature Second Wave societies reeling under the impact of the Third Wave—as production moves back to Sector A and the consumer is drawn back into the production process—another characterological shift begins. Later on we will explore this fascinating change. For now we need only bear in mind that the structure of personality itself is likely to be heavily influenced by the rise of presumption. Nowehere, however, are the changes wrought by the rise of the prosumer likely to be more explosive than in economics. Economists, instead of training all their guns on Sector B, will have to develop a new, more wholistic conception of an economy—will have to analyze what happens in Sector A as well and learn how the two parts relate to one another. #RandolphHarris 17 of 23
As the Third Wave has begun to restructure the World economy, the economics profession has been savagely attacked for its inability to explain what is happening. It is most sophisticated tools, including computerized models and matrices, seem to tell us less and less about how the economy really works. Indeed, many economists themselves are concluding that conventional economic thought, both Western and Marxist, is out of touch with a fast-changing reality. One key reason may be that, more and more, changes of great significance lie outside Sector B—id est, outside the entire exchange process. To bring economics back in touch with reality Third Wave economists will need to develop new models, measures, and indices for describing processes in Sector A and will have to rethink many root assumptions in the light of the rise of the prosumer. Once we recognize that powerful relationships link the measured production (and productivity) in Sector B and the unmeasured production (and productivity) in Sector A, the invisible economy, we are compelled to redefine these terms. As early as the mid-1960’s, economist Victor Fuchs of the National Bureau of Economic Research sensed the problem, pointing out that the rise of services made traditional measures of productivity obsolete. Declared Fuchs: “The knowledge, experience, honesty, and motivation of the consumer affects service productivity.” However, even in these words the “productivity” of the consumer is still seen only in terms of Sector B—only as a contribution to production for exchange. There is no recognition as yet that actual production also takes place in Sector A—that goods and services produced for oneself are quite real, and that they may displace or substitute for good and services turned out in Sector B. #RandolphHarris 18 of 23
Conventional production figures, especially GNP (Gross National Product, which measures the scale of the economy by totting up the value of goods and services produced it in) figures, will make less and less sense until we explicitly expand them to include what happens in Sector A. An understanding of the rise of the prosumer also helps bring the concept of cost into sharper focus. Thus we gain powerful insights once we recognize that the effectiveness of the prosumer in Sector A can lead to higher or lower costs to companies or government agencies operating in Sector B. For example, high rates of alcoholism, absenteeism, psychosis and neurosis, dysfunctional behaviour, and psychological problems in the work force all add to the “cost of doing business” as measures conveniently in Sector B. (Alcoholism alone has been estimated to cost American industry $249 billion, or about $2.05 per drink, in production time a year.) To the degree that self-help groups alleviate such problems in the work force, they reduce these operating costs. The efficiency of presumption thus affects the efficiency of production. Subtler factors also influence the cost of production in business. How literate or articulate are the workers? Do they all speak the same language? Can they tell time? Are they culturally prepared for the job? Do the social skills learned in family life add to or detract from their competence? All these character traits, attitudes, values, skills, and motivations necessary for high productivity in Sector B, the exchange sector, are produced or, more accurately, prosumed in Sector A. The rise of the prosumer—the reintegration of the consumer into production—will force us to look far more closely at such interrelationships. #RandolphHarris 19 of 23
The same powerful change will compel us to redefine efficiency. Today, in determining efficiency, economists compare alternative ways of producing the same product or service. They seldom compare the efficiency of producing it in Sector B as against that of prosuming it in Sector A. Yet this is precisely what millions of people—supposedly innocent of economic theory—are doing. They are finding that, once a certain level of money income is assured, it may be more profitable, economically as well as psychologically, to prosume than to earn more cash. Nor do economists or businessmen systematically track the negative effects of Sector B efficiency on Sector A—as for example when a company demands extremely high mobility of its executives and cause a wave of stress-related illness, family breakdown, or increased alcohol intake as a result. We may very well find that what appears to be inefficient in conventional Sector B terms is, in fact, tremendously efficient when we look at the whole economy and not just part of it. TO make sense, “efficiency” must refer to secondary, not merely first order, effects, and to both sectors of the economy, not just one. What about concepts like “income,” “welfare,” “poverty,” or “unemployment”? If a person lives half-in and half-out of the market system, which products, tangible or intangible, are to be regarded as part of one’s income? How meaningful are income figures at all in a society in which prosuming may account for much of what the average person has? How do we define welfare in such a system? Should welfare recipients work? If so, should all this work necessarily be in Sector B? Or should welfare recipients be encouraged to prosume? #RandolphHarris 20 of 23
What is the real meaning of unemployment? Is a laid-off auto science engineer who puts a new roof on his or her house, or overhauls his or her care, unemployed in the same sense as one who sits idly at home watching football on television? The rise of the prosumer forces us to question our entire way of looking at the twin problems of unemployment, on the one hand, and bureaucratic waste and featherbedding, on the other. Second Wave societies have attempted to cope with unemployment, for example, by resisting technology, closing off immigration, creating labour exchanges, increasing exports, decreasing imports, setting up public works programs, cutting back on work hours, attempting to increase labour mobility, deporting whole populations, and even waging war to stimulate the economy. Yet the problem becomes more complex and difficult every day. Can it be that the problems of labour supply—both gluts and shortages—can never be satisfactorily solved within the framework of a Second Wave society, whether capitalists of socialist? By looking at the economy as a whole, rather than focusing exclusively on one part of it, can we frame the problem in a new way that helps us solve it? If production occurs in both sectors, if people are busy producing goods and services for themselves in one sector and for others in a different sector, how does this affect the argument over a guaranteed minimum income for all? Typically, in Second Wave societies, income has been inextricably linked to work for the exchange economy. However, are not prosumers also “working,” even if they are not part of the market or are only partially in it? Should not a man or woman who stays at home and rears a child, thereby contributing to the productivity of Sector B through one’s efforts in Sector A, receive some income, even if one does not hold down a paid job in Sector B? #RandolphHarris 21 of 23
An income tax credit for housewives or househusbans would reduce single parent household, and welfare and would contribute to the stimulation of the economy. The rise of the prosumer will decisively alter all our economic thinking. It will also shift the basis of economic conflict. The competition between worker-producers and manager-producers will no doubt continue. However, it will shrink in importance as prosuming increases and we move father into Third Wave society. In its place, new social conflicts will arise. Battles will flare over which needs will be met by which sector of the economy. Struggles will sharpen, for example, over licensing, building codes, and the like, as Second Wave forces attempt to hold on to jobs and profits by preventing prosumers from moving in. Teachers’ unions typically fight to keep parents out of the classroom with all the zeal of building tradesmen fighting to preserve obsolete building codes. Yet just as a number of health problems (like those deriving from overeating, lack of exercise, or smoking, for example) cannot be solved by doctors alone but require instead the active participation of the patient, so a number of educational problems cannot be resolved without the parent. The rise of the prosumer changes the entire economic landscape. Thus all these effects will be intensified and the entire World economy changed by a massive historical facts now staring us in the face—which seems to have gone unnoticed by Second Wave economists and thinkers. This last towering fact sets into perspective all we have discussed in the past few weeks on the rise of the prosumer. Oh Great Spirit of the North, we come to you and ask for the strength and the power to bear what is cold and harsh in life. We come like the buffalo ready to receive the winds that truly can be overwhelming at times. Whatever is cold and uncertain in our life, we ask you to give us the strength to bear it. #RandolphHarris 22 of 23
Do not let the winter blow us away. Oh Spirit of Life and Spirit of the North, we ask you for strength and for love. Oh Great Spirit of the East, we turn to you where the sun comes up, from where the power of light and refreshment come. Everything that is born comes up in this direction—the birth of babies, the birth of the puppies, the birth of ideas, and the birth of friendship. Let there be light. Oh Spirit of the East, let the colour of fresh rising in our life be glory to you. Oh Great Spirit of the South, spirit of all that is warm and gentle and refreshing, we ask you to give us this spirit of growth, of fertility, of gentleness. Caress us with a cool breeze when the days are hot. Please gives us seeds that the flowers, trees and fruits of the Earth may grow. Please give us the warmth of good friendships. Oh Spirit of the South, please send the love and growth of your blessings. Oh Great Spirit of the West, where the sun goes down each day to come up the next, we turn to you in praise of sunsets and in thanksgiving for changes. You are the great coloured sunset of the red west which illuminates us. You are the powerful cycle which pulls us to transformation. We ask for the blessing of the sunset. Please keep us open to life’s changes. Oh Spirit of the Est, when it is time for us to go into the Earth, do not desert us, but receive us in the arms of our loved one. Art Father Who art in Heaven, Thy Kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and Thy dominion endureth throughout all generations. The Lord upholdeth al who fall, and raiseth up all who are bowed down. The eyes of all look hopefully to Thee. And Thou givest them their food in due season. Thou openest Thy hand ad satisfiest every living thing with favour. The Lord is righteous in all His ways, and gracious in all His works. The Lord is near unto all who call upon Him, to all who call upon Him in truth. He will fulfill the desire of them that revere Him; He will also hear their cry, and will save them. The Lord preserveth all them that love Him; but all the wicked will He bring low. My mouth shall speak the praise of the Lord; let all human bless His holy name for ever and ever. We will bless the Lord from this time forth, and forevermore. Hallelujah. #RandolphHarris 23 of 23
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Mental health includes our emotional psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and makes choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. In the years from roughly 500 B.C. to A.D. 500, in the flourishing Greek and Roman civilizations, philosophers and physicians identified a number of mental disorders. Heading the list were melancholia, a condition marked by unshakable sadness; mania, a state of euphoria and frenzied activity; dementia, a general intellectual decline; hysteria, the presence of a physical ailment with no apparent physical cause; delusions, blatantly false beliefs; and hallucinations, the experience of imagined sights or sounds as if they were real. Although demonological interpretations of mental and physical illness were still widespread, philosophers and physicians began to offer alternative explanations during this period. Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.), often called the father of modern medicine, taught that illness had natural causes. He saw abnormal behaviour as a disease arising from internal physical problems. Specifically, he believed that some form of brain pathology was the culprit and that it resulted—like all other forms of disease, in his view—from an imbalance of four fluids, or humours, that flowed through the body: yellow bile, black bile, blood, and phlegm. An excess of yellow bile, for example caused mania; and excess of black bile was the source of melancholia. #RandolphHarris 1 of 21
To treat psychological dysfunctioning, Hippocrates sought to correct the underlying physical pathology. He believed, for instance, that the excess of black bile underlying melancholia could be reduced by a quiet life, a vegetable diet, temperance, exercise, celibacy, and even bleeding. Hippocrates’ focus on internal causes for abnormal behaviour was shared by the great Greek philosophers Plato (427-347 B.C.) and Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) and by influential Greek and Roman physicians. During the Middle Ages, there was, on average, one church for every 200 people. The enlightened views of Greek and Roman physicians and scholars did not prevent ordinary people from continuing to believe in demons. And with the decline of Roman, demonology enjoyed a strong resurgence, as a growing distrust of science spread throughout Europe. From A.D. 500 to 1350, the period known as the Middle Age, the power of the clergy increased greatly throughout Europe. In those days the church rejected scientific forms of investigation, and it controlled all education. Most of the patients in asylums, from all classes and circumstances, were women. Religious beliefs, which were highly superstitious and demonological at this time, came to dominate all aspects of life. Once again behaviour was usually interpreted as a conflict between good and evil, God and the devil. Deviant behaviour, particularly psychological dysfunctioning, was seen as evidence of Satan’s influence. Although some scientists and physicians still insisted on medical explanations and treatments, their views carried little weight in this atmosphere. #RandolphHarris 2 of 21
The Middle Ages were a time of great stress and anxiety, of war, urban uprisings, and plagues. People blamed the devil for these troubles and feared being possessed by him. The incidence of abnormal behaviour apparently increased dramatically during this period. In addition, there were outbreaks of mass madness, in which large numbers of people apparently shared delusions and hallucinations. In one such disorder, tarantism (also known as St. Vitus’s dance), groups of people would suddenly start to jump, dance, and go int convulsions. Some dressed oddly; others tore off their clothing. All were convinced that they had been bitten and possessed by a wolf spider, now called a tarantella. In anther form of madness, lycanthropy, people thought they were possessed by wolves or other animals They acted wolflike and imagined that fur was growing all over their bodies. Stories of lycanthropes, more popularly known as werewolves, have been passed down to us and continue to fire the imagination of writers, moviemakers, and their audiences. Not surprisingly, some of the earlier demonological treatments for psychological abnormality reemerged during the Middle Ages. Once again they key to cure was to rid the person’s body of the devil that possessed it. Exorcisms were revived, and clergymen, who generally were in charge of treatment during this period, would plead, chant, or pray to the devil or evil spirit. If these techniques did not work, they had others to try, some indistinguishable from of torture. They would administer holy water or bitter solutions, or even starve or stretch the bodies of the individuals in question. #RandolphHarris 3 of 21
It was not until the Middle Ages drew to a close that the demonology and its methods began to lose favour. Towns throughout Europe grew into cities, and municipal authorities gained more power and took over nonreligious activities. Among their other responsibilities, they began to run hospitals and direct the care of people suffering from mental disorders. Doctors who treated people with mental disorders were called “mad-doctors.” Medical abnormality gained favour once again When lunacy trials were held in the late thirteenth-century England to determine the sanity of certain persons, it was not unusual for natural causes, such as a “blow to the head” or “fear of one’s father,” to be held responsible for an individual’s unusual behaviour. During these same years, many people with psychological disturbances received treatment in medical hospitals. The Trinity Hospital in England, for example, was established to treat “madness,” among other kinds of illness, and to keep the mad “safe until they are restored to reason.” If ASPD (anti-social personality disorder) can be located on the hostile-dominant quadrant of the interpersonal circumplex, dependent personality disorder (hereafter abbreviated as DPD) is almost the polar opposite, located in the nurturant-submissive quadrant. Perhaps the chief feature of DPD is a strong sense of interpersonal submission. Individuals with this disorder have a strong need to be taken care of, couple with a strong fear of rejection. Additional symptoms include difficulty making decisions without support and reassurance from others, a need for others to assume responsibility for decisions about the self, difficulty expression disagreement due to fear of rejection, difficulty initiating independent activities and projects, going to excessive lengths to secure nurturance from others, feeling uncomfortable when alone, urgent seeking of another relationship for support when a close relationship ends, and preoccupation with fear of being left to take care of the self. #RandolphHarris 4 of 21
People with DPD appear ill equipped to handle mature and independent roles in life, while displaying a naïve and gullible cognitive style. Because of their weak and fragile self-image, they entrust others with the responsibility for addressing major tasks and fulfilling their needs. Their delicate self-image suggest that they will not be competent or able to take on life’s tasks, and therefore need others to do these for them. If any, this excessive reliance on others appears to pay few dividends when it comes to establishing satisfactory personal relationships. People with DPD report low frequencies of positive social behaviours, reduced directness of communication with others, less positive interactions with close friends, and less helpfulness from friend than those with less dependent personalities. The interpersonal style of people with DPD (exempli gratia, acting weak, and submissive) is designed to pull for the complementary interpersonal response from others, particularly protection, nurturance, and control. Also the desperate search for acceptance and approval from others is especially pronounced during times of stress. Should there even be a hint of failure to secure nurturance and care from others, persons with DPD will catastrophize, seeing themselves as totally alone and dismissed by the World. Despite their suggestible and complaint tendencies, people with DPD report high degrees of loneliness. This calls into question the authenticity of the interpersonal connections that they establish. When their dependency need are not met, those with DPD may become demanding, and tis attention seeking may elicit interpersonal rejection from others, only further aggravating dependency needs. Consistent with this hypothesis, symptoms of DPD were negatively correlated with receiving social support, and positively correlated with conflict. #RandolphHarris 5 of 21
It has been argued that parental overprotectiveness combined with authoritarians may serve to reinforce dependent behaviours in children, while simultaneously preventing the children from developing a sense of independence and autonomy. By catering to children’s every need, parents may inadvertently, or perhaps unconsciously, encourage dependency and inhibit the children’s natural tendencies to explore the environment and develop a sense of mastery and autonomy. Although the excessive control that is pursuant to overprotectiveness may be deployed with the best intentions, it interferes with children’s development of basic social competencies and a sense of security when separated from their caregivers. In fact, relative to healthy controls, those with DPD experience greater parental control in their families of origin. However, other examinations of physical and sexual abuse, maternal and paternal care, and maternal and paternal overprotection have found nothing unique in the family-of-origin background of those with DPD. It must be noted that the size of the group with DPD in each of these studies was small; thus these null findings must be interpreted with caution until they can be replicated. DPD (dependent personality disorder) involves a powerful need to be take care of, resulting in clinging and submissive behaviours, as well as fear of separation. Despite their strong desires for connection with and care taking from others, people with DPD experience less rewarding social interactions, less social support, and more loneliness than people without this disorder. A prominent interpersonal theory of DPD locates its origin in excessively overprotective parenting that fails to stimulate a sense of exploration and independence. #RandolphHarris 6 of 21
Thanks to You, Good Jesus, Eternal Pastor, for thinking us poor paupers and poopers worthy of refreshment by Your precious Body and Blood. Thanks also for Your personal invitation to come to a better understanding of the mysteries surrounding Communion; that is to say, when You said, “Come to me, all you who are lumbered and encumbered; I will find places for you to slumber.” We have all had negative thigs happen to us. Maybe recently, perhaps in the past, someone hurt us. And too often, instead of letting it go and giving it to God, we have held on to it. We have not forgiven, and that will sour the crystal-clear water of our souls and contaminate our lives. Furthermore, this contamination will produce a root of bitterness than will take hold of our hearts, minds, soul and body. And to make matter worse, after a while, we accept it. We make room in our hearts for that bitterness; we learn to live with it, and some even enjoy it. However, with all due respect, that is not how God intended us to be. God wants of to purge our lives of the bitter poison that is polluting our soul. Our souls were made to be crystal clear streams that connect us to God. God created us in His image. And the Lord wants us to be happy, healthy and have an abundance of pleasant things. God put us on this Earth to enjoy life, not to live with bitterness, sinister intentions, sarcasm, and resentment. If that becomes our nature, we have become polluted and we are contaminating everyone else with whom we have influence. However, even though our souls may be polluted right now, they do not have to stay that way. #RandolphHarris 7 of 21
The more we read the Word of God and adopt Christian principles, and act out of love and kindness and use great discernment, the more we are able to filter the poison out of our lives and our environment, until our souls become crystal clear again. Then, we will begin to experience the joy, peace, and freedom God intended us to have. “Search me, O God, and know my heart; try me and know my anxious thoughts; and see if there be any hurtful way in me, and lead me in the everlasting way,” reports Psalm 139.23-24. We need to search our hearts and make sure we have not let any roots of bitterness take hold. It may not be a big thing that is polluting one’s soul. Maybe one’s spouse is not spending as much time with one as one would like, and one can feel oneself starting to get resentful. However, do not become sarcastic, cryptic, or unfriendly. That will intentionally make one harder to get along with, and that root of bitterness will contaminate one’s life. Keep your soul pure. Do not let your heart get polluted. The Christian Bible talks about being quick to forgive, and the longer we wait, the harder it is going to be. The longer we hold on to resentment, the deeper that root of bitterness grows. Sometimes, instead of forgiving quickly, letting go of the hurts and pains of the past, we quietly bury them deep down inside our hearts and minds. We do not want to talk about the issues. We do not want to think about it. We want to ignore it and hope that it will go away. It will not. That contamination will show up in one’s life, and it will be a mess. It will cause one even more pain and sorrow, and it could even kill you. #RandolphHarris 8 of 21
Deal with the poison in your soul today by forgiving anyone who has hurt you, and then choose to live today in freedom and freshness. As one does that, the joy of the Lord will burst forth within one like a freshness mountain spring. Lord, your great goodness and mercy have made me well again; nonetheless, I am sick as a dog. That is why I come to You, my Saviour, with empty mouth and dry tongue, to the Font of Life, a destitute in the Court of Heaven, a slave to the Lord, a creature to the Creator, a desolate to the Consolate. The remedy? The Sacrament. I have trouble with that; and so did Your Everlasting Luke (1.43). I should be going to You; instead, You are coming to me. Well, I am miffed again! You cannot come to my house. I am a sinner, and You should know what that means. I may not have been discovered in the same room as You. Yes, I confess my vilety. I acknowledge Your goodness. I praise You piety. I thank You for Your charity—it seems to know no bounds. Father, I want the streams of my life to flow pure, clean, and fresh. Please search my heart, O God, and help me to detect anything profane or unwelcome in Heaven. Please give me the courage to make the changes You are calling me to make. Of course, I realize that You are just doing this for Yourself. My meager merits have nothing to do with it. That is to say, it is just Your way of bringing my attention Your goodness, Your charity, Your humility. It pleases You to do so. However, at the same time, it teased me, my Divine Friend, this comely Comedown of Yours. “Let us come before His presence with thanksgiving; let us make a joyful noise to Him with the songs of praise! For the Lord is a great God, and a great King above all gods,” reports Psalm 95.2-3. #RandolphHarris 9 of 21
Would that the floor were not littered with my iniquities! O Sweetest, Gentle Jesus Christ, how much reverence and gratitude with praise unending I owe You when I receive Your Holy Body! No human alive can be found who can fully unfold the dignity of this act! However, what shall I think of this Communion? It gives me access to the Lord, whom I am unable to reverence devoutly enough and yet whom I devoutly wish to receive? What better, more salutary course of action can I take in Your presence, except perhaps humbling my poor self and exalting Your infinite goodness? I praise You, my God, and I exalt You forever. I despise myself and subject myself to You. Why? My vileness has yet to bottom out. Look at You, the Holy of Holies! And what am I? A Shittite among Shittites. Yes, I can see You across the crowded floor. I am looking right at You, in fact. However, are You gesturing me to come forward? There must be some mistake. I am not worthy to return to Your glance, let alone to meet Your gaze! Yes, it is awkward, but it gets worse! You are coming toward me. You actually want to be with me. you invite me to join you for a meal. You want to show me just how good the Divine Diet can be. Especially, Bread of Angels. That is how the Psalmist described it. (78.25). Which, of course, is none other than You Yourself, the Living Loaf, who descended from Heaven to give nourishment to the World; my reference here is John (6.33, 51). Some questions for You, my Eclectic if Encyclopedic Friend. Where does Love come from? What gives Largesse its glow? How many grateful acts of praise are due You for these two virtues? #RandolphHarris 10 of 21
However, before you answer, here are some exclamations. How helpful and practical Your counsel is! How pleasant and comfortable that dinner was when You Yourself were the food! How admirable Your operation, O Lord! How powerful Your Virtue! How ineffable Your Truth! Now, some conclusions. You just gave the command, and the World was created. You gave the command again, and the Sacrament was created. Apparently, everything went according to plan. Worthy of wonder, worthy of faith, worthy of warping the human intellect! You, my Lord God, True God and True Man, You are contained whole and entire in some modest species. The Bread is eaten and the Premium Cranberry Justice is drunk, but Your Body and Blood remain forever. O Lord and Tailor of the Universe, so far as I know, You do not keep a lost of wants and needs. Yet You have long wanted to dwell in us through Your Sacrament. Please help keep my body and soul sinless. Why? So that with a spotless yet sportive conscience I can celebrate the Mysteries—that is to say, receive the Sacrament—more frequently. For my perpetual salvation, then, please help me receive the Sacrament that You sanctioned and instituted as a special honour and perennial memorial to remind us of Yourself. Rejoice, my soul, and give thanks to God for the Sacrament, that noble gift and singular solace left behind for me in this valley of tears! Every time I receive the Body of Christ, it rekindles this Mystery. Every time I become a co-conspirator in all Your redemptive work, O Christ, as well as a co-participant in all Your merits. #RandolphHarris 11 of 21
What we re ordinarily conscious of are the thoughts and feelings of the ego, but there is much more in us than that. There is the true self, of which the ego is only a miserable caricature. If we could penetrate to this, the fundamental element of our selfhood, we would never again be satisfied with a wholly egoistic life—the call of the Quest would come again and again in our ears. And indeed it is through such rare glimpses, such exalted moments, when they become conscious of a presence, higher and more blessed than their ordinary state, that humans are drawn to the Quest in the effort to recapture those moments and those moods. The recapturing is done, not by taking possession of something but by allowing oneself to be possessed, not by a positive and affirmative movement of the will, but by a yielding to, and acceptance of, the gentlest and most delicate thing in humans’ psyche—the intuition. Another purpose of these glimpses is to show one how ignorant of truth one really is, and, having so shown, to stimulate one’s effort to get rid of this ignorance. For they will light up the fanciful or opinionative nature of so much that one hitherto took to be true. The bestowal of a glimpse is not merely for one’s pleasure and satisfaction: there are certain self-cleansing duties and self-improving obligations which follow in its train. The light it throws into one is thrown on one’s sins and weaknesses too. One sees them more plainly for what they are, as well as the amendment one must make. However, one sees also the forgiveness which grace grants. The glimpse affords its own proof, supplies its own evidence, certifies by itself the truths it yields. #RandolphHarris 12 of 21
However, if its experiencer falls back into one’s ego and lets its prejudice, opinion, and expectation intrude into those truths, that is one’s own fault, not the Glimpse’s. A single glimpse will offer all the evidence one’s reason needs, all the proof one’s judgement demands that there is a kingdom of Heaven, and that it is the best of all things to search for. One of the first consequences of the glimpse ought to be—if it is properly received and sufficiently understood—a resolve to improve oneself, to be more truthful and less excitable, for instance. The effect of a Glimpse upon character may show itself as a passing feeling but it is the business of a quester to show it as a habit of life. Intellectually, the actualizing Christian is committed to the principle that to experience, or to be, the feeling of strength is commendable and is not an expression of conceit. The person therefore enjoys and even savours feelings of security, adequacy, and worth. The peaceful sense of strength and self-confidence that emerges from being aware of one’s own worth and uniqueness is vital for effective living. Jensen is a Christian who is struggling to understand the real meaning of personal strength. He strove desperately, especially with peers where he works, to prove to everyone how adequate he was. He tried to do more work in less time than anyone else. His real motives tended to surface during the lunch hour, when everyone paused for a quick volleyball game. Jensen’s mood for the rest of the day depended upon whether or not his team won the game. If they won, his ego was bolstered and he felt exuberant. If they lost, he became irritable and depressed. On days that he lost, his wife and child noticed he was less involved in family time. #RandolphHarris 13 of 21
What Jensen has learned through participating in a church growth group is that there is a deeper, more reliable source of personal worth and adequacy available to him. It is the love of God, the love and respect that others have for him, and his own ability to value himself beneficially. As this sinks in more and more, Jensen is becoming increasingly consistent in feeling adequate and worthy throughout the day—regardless of how much work is done or whether his volleyball tram wins or loses. He is becoming freer to approach both his work and his relationships in a creative rather than a competitive way. This is the actualizing expression of the strength polarity. Jensen is learning to transform striving and achieving into contributing and cooperating. Emotionally, the actualizing person is committed to the expression of inner strength, not as an attempt to experience power over others, but rather as an expression of the potency of one’s own being. The person who knows how to experience and express strength in an actualizing way is a real asset to any relationship of which one is a part. For instance, in friendship, marriage, work or community life, this person can be relied upon to be fresh and original. Because the person is not bound by false modesty, there will be a continual flow of creative contributions that come from deep within. These qualities make the person inwardly attractive and interesting. This reflects both how the person experiences life and how other people tend to experience the person who is realistically in good contact with the strength polarity of personality. A key to the healthy expression of strength for the actualizing person is that the personal power that is experienced is used not only in behalf of one’s own well-being, but also as a service to facilitate the well-being and happiness of others. #RandolphHarris 14 of 21
Thus the power of the actualizing Christian is used to edify or build up others, rather than to dominate, intimidate, or exploit them. It is a power made gentle by Christ’s love and insulated by the virtue of humility. Bodily, the strength dimension is experienced by a sense of being able to stand on one’s own two feet and by the ability to reach out and ask for what one wants. We have found that people who are out of touch with the strength polarity can to some extent begin to discover it by stamping their feet firmly into the ground until one feels the muscle strain in calves and thighs, one’s feet will seem to become firmly planted in the ground, like the root of a tree. This helps one feel a sense of strength and self-support. A second exercise, helpful for developing strong resistance to manipulation from one’s environment is to lie on a bed with both knees up and to pound the bed with both fists and say, “I will not give up! I can do it!” Both movements and voice should express conviction. Some practical ways that one’s strengths might be expressed in everyday living are as follows” participating equally in conversations, taking initiative in greeting or meeting others, giving and receiving genuine compliments, giving and receiving constructive criticism, speaking up and negotiating for your reasonable rights, speaking out for the reasonable rights of others, using expressive talk to show feelings, being able to say yes or no when necessary, being willing to confront and handle stressful situations. This may seem like a formidable list for people who are not used to experiencing or expressing their strength. However, it is important to have these behaviours as part of one’s total repertoire of possibilities for interacting with others. #RandolphHaris 15 of 21
These self-actualizing Christian skills can be learned with patience and practice. A great part of courage is having done the thing before. One further characteristic of strength is that it enables us to become active participants in life. When we are in touch with our strength, we do not sit around and gripe, complain, or whine. We do something. We take responsibility for shaping our own lives and the World around us. We may pray with St. Francis of Assisi: “Lord, please help me to accept the things I cannot change, and change the things that I can. And please give me wisdom to know the difference.” “O come, let us worship and bow down, let us kneel before the Lord our Maker [in reverent praise and supplication]. For He is our God and we are the people of His pasture and the sheep of His hand. Today, if you will hear His voice, harden not your hearts as at Meribah and as at Massah in the day of temptation in the wilderness. When your fathers tried My patience and tested Me, proved Me, and saw My work [of judgment]. Forty years long was I grieved and disgusted with that generation, and I said, It is a people that do err in their hearts, and they do not approve, acknowledge, or regard My ways. Wherefore I swore in My wrath that they would not enter My rest [the land of promise],” reports Psalm 95.6-11. Let us look at another passage of Scripture where Jesus is teaching His disciples to pray: And it came to pass, that, as He was praying in a certain place, when He ceased, one of his disciples said unto Him, Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples,” reports Luke 11.1. #RandolphHarris 16 of 21
Notice that the disciple did not say, “Teach us how to heal the sick or how to cast out demons.” Neither did he ask to be taught how long to pray or when to pray, but he recognized that the power behind Jesus’ ministry was the fact that He knew how to pray accurately. Knowing how to pray accurately is one of the keys to victorious living. The story is told of a missionary walking down a jungle trail in African when suddenly a huge lion appeared in the trail. Being the man of prayer that he was, the missionary fell to his knees and prayed, “Father, I pray that this will be a good Christian lion.” The lion immediately fell to the ground, put his paws together, and said, “Father, I thank You for this food. Now bless it to my body.” The missionary’s payer was answered, but he was still in trouble because it did not bring deliverance. Learn to be specific and accurate in prayer. The disciple asked, Lord, teach us to pray. Jesus Answered: When ye pray, say Our Father which art in Heaven, Hallowed be thy name. They kingdom come. Thy will be done, as in Heaven, so in Earth. Give us day by day or daily bread. And forgive us our sins; for we also forgive everyone that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil. And he said unto them, Which of you shall have a friend, and shall go unto him at midnight, and say unto him, Friend, lend me three loaves; For a friend of mine in his journey is come to me, and I have nothing to set before him. And he from within shall answer and say, Trouble me not: the door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed; I cannot rise and give thee. #RandolphHarris 17 of 21
Notice that Jesus is asking a question here.To help you understand clearly what Jesus is saying, I want to ask you the same question: Would you have a friend like that? If you went to him at midnight and said, “Company came in unexpectedly and I need a loaf of bread. Would you lend me one?” would he say, “No, you ugly thing, you ought to have come by before I went to bed. I cannot give you any bread now”? Would you have a friend like that? Would you want a friend like that? No, of course not. With friends like that, you would not need any enemies. Now you can see what Jesus is saying. Notice He is talking about a friend. There is no relationship, no kinship here at all. He is just a friend. He wants to know if you would have a friend like that. I am sure you have already answered it in your own mind None of us would want a friend like that. “For a friend of mine in his journey has come unto me and I have not what I shall set before him.” Now you can recognize this as a faith statement. He does not have it or see it yet, but he says, “I will set it before him.” Now the Word of God says, “Come boldly unto the throng of grace that we may obtain,” reports Hebrews 4.16. We are to come boldly before the throne of grace—not to beg, plead or hope that something will happen but we should come to obtain! This fellow came to obtain. He did not say, “I hope you will loan me some bread.” He said, “I do not have what I shall set before him.” He did not have it yet, but he was taking faith. It was already in his mouth. “I say unto you, Though he will not rise and give hi, because he is his friend, yet because of his importunity he will rise and give him as many as he needeth.” #RandolphHarris 18 of 21
Now let us find out what the word importunity means. Much has been said about this word, and most of it has been commentary. We need to watch many of the paraphrased editions, for so much of the is the translators’ and editors’ own interpretation. We need to check the Greek and other references to make sure the meaning we have has not been added by man. Some say the work importunity means “persistence.” To just keep on and on. I had a fellow tell e one time: “Now that man just kept beating on the door. He just kept knocking on that door until the man came to give him bread. That is what Jesus is teaching us to do. We are to just keep asking.” That idea is not present in this passage of scripture. In fact, it is exactly opposite of what Jesus is teaching here. This is where we have missed it. This religious thinking has heled people in bondage. This line of thinking has taught us that we receive from God by beating and knocking on the same door until finally we wake up God and eventually talk Him into it. Importunity comes from two Greek words: aneu which means “without” and aidos which means “bashfulness.” Therefore, a literal meaning would be “without bashfulness.” It means bare faceness or boldness (without shame). Because of his boldness he came even at midnight. He had faith that, even if he came at that late hour, he would receive bread. He said, “I have not what I shall set before him.” Jesus said that man will get up and give him all that he needs. Notice that Jesus did not say that his actually happened. He asked us the question: “Would you have a friend like that?” We get the idea that this actually happened, but it did not. Jesus is only using this as an illustration. #RandolphHarris 19 of 21
Jesus said, “Though he will not rise and give him, because he is his friend, yet because of his importunity he will rise and give him as many as he needeth.” Now hold onto the word friend because it is another key to understanding this scripture. Jesus then says, “And I say unto you, Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you. For every one that asketh recieveth; and one that seeketh findeth; and to one that knocketh it shall be opened. The Amplified Bible reads: “Ask and keep on asking’ with a footnote that says, “This is the present imperative and often repeated.” It might be often repeated; but, in this instance, it is not because that would be contrary to other scriptures concerning prayer. (See Mark 11.24; John 15.7,8; 1 John 5.14, 15.) If you take that commentary to be the true meaning of this scripture, it is already distorted in your mind Most people never read the footnote anyway, so they are left with a false impression that will defeat them in their prayer life. When you run into a situation like this, study it carefully and see if it compares to the other teachings of Jesus. Here the translator said that it could have meant that, but it did not because it would refute other things Jesus taught concerning prayer. Those who wished to invigorate themselves quickly should practice prayer. Goals of prayer include: to reduce the number of wandering thoughts; to stop wandering thoughts completely; potential production of a glimpse; lengthening of a glimpse, if obtained; and brining about a glimpse if lost. Draw the Force of God into every pore of your skin until it pervades your whole body. #RandolphHarris 20 of 21
At this moment and very fateful hour, I place all Heaven with its power, and the sun with its brightness, and the snow with its whiteness, and fire with all the strength it has, and lightning with its rapid wrath, and the winds with their swiftness along the path, and the sea with its deepness, and the rocks with their steepness, and the Earth with its starkness; all these I place by God’s almighty help and grace, between myself and the powers of Darkness. I arise today though a mighty strength, the invocation of the Trinity, through belief in the threeness, through confession of the oneness of the Creator of Creation. I arise today through the strength of Heaven; light of sun, radiance of moon, splendour of fire, speed of lightning, swiftness of wind, depth of sea, stability of Earth, firmness of rock. I arise today, through a mighty strength, the invocation of the Trinity, through belief in the threeness, through confession of the oneness of the Creator of Creation. Happy are they that dwell in Thy house; they will ever praise Thee. Happy is the people who thus fare; yea, happy is the people whose God is the Lord. I will extol Thee, my God, O King, and I will bless Thy name for ever and ever. Every day will I bless Three, and I will praise Thy name for ever and ever. Great is the Lord, and highly to be praised; His greatness is unsearchable. One generation shall laud Thy works to another, and shall declare Thy mighty acts. On the majestic glory of Thy splendour, and on Thy wonderous deeds will I meditate. And humans shall proclaim the might of Thy tremendous acts, and I will recount Thy greatness. They shall make known the fame of Thy greatness. They shall make known the fame of Thy great goodness, and shall exult in they righteousness. The Lord is gracious and full of compassion, long forbearing, and abundant in kindness. The Lord is good to all, and His tender mercies are over all His works. All Thy works shall praise Thee, O Old, and Thy faithful ones shall bless Thee. They shall declare the glory of Thy kingdom, and talk of Thy might; to make known to the sons of humans His mighty acts, and the glorious majesty of His kingdom. #RandolphHarris 21 of 21
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Tell Me What to Do. I’m Sorry. Protect Me. I Can’t. Pray for Me. Help. It’s No Use Anyway.
So much for what you know, My dear Devout. Now let me tell you some things you may not know. When you receive this Sacramento, Spiritual Grace is conferred, and Virtue dimmed is restored to its original beauty. Once covered with soot and sin, the pallid soul will soon blush into a full palette of colours. Sometimes this grace is so great and devotion so great and devotion so pent that they burst, coursing through not just the mind, but the body, replacing weakness with strength. Yet, our own tepidity and negligence cause a great deal of pain, even misery. We should be drawn to receive You, O Christ, with greater affection, but we are not. How is this possible since You are the Total Hope, Total Merit, of those who will be saved? You are our Sanctification and Redemption, are you not? Consolation of us poor wayfarers, and the Eternal Fruition of the Saints? And so it is that Jesus Christ Grieves—and grieves again—that so many turn so little to this Salutary Mystery, which praises Heaven and supports the World! Alas, how blind, how hard, the human heart is! We should develop more devotion to the Ineffable Gift we receive every Sunday. If our devotion takes a dip, as for the rest of these days of the week, then we should do something about it. In any given year as many as 30 percent of the adults and 20 percent of the children and adolescents in the United States of America display serious psychological disturbances and are in need of clinical treatment. It is estimated that up to 25 percent of adults have a significant anxiety disorder (in flexible and maladaptive personality traits), 1 percent has schizophrenia (loses touch with reality for an extended period of time), 1 experiences the brain deterioration of Alzheimer’s disease, and 11 percent abuse alcohol or other drugs. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20
Add to these figures as many as 600,000 suicide attempts, 500,000 sexual assaults by physical force, and 3 million cases of child abuse each year, and it becomes apparent that abnormal psychological functioning is a pervasive problem in this country. The numbers and rates in other countries are similarly high. Furthermore, most people go through periods of extreme tension, demoralization, or other forms of psychological discomfort in their lives and at such times experience at least some of the distress associated with psychological disorders. It is tempting to conclude that unique characteristics of the modern World are responsible for these numerous emotional problems—perhaps rapid technological change, the growing threats of terrorism, or a decline in religious, family, or other support systems. Although the special pressures of modern life probably do contribute to psychological dysfunctioing, they are hardly its primary cause. Historical records demonstrate every society, past and present has witnessed psychological abnormality. Perhaps, then, the proper place to begin our examination of abnormal behavior and treatment is in the past. As we look back, we can see how each society has struggled to understand and treat psychological problems, and we can observe that many present-day ideas and treatments have roots in the past. A look backward makes it clear that progress in the understanding and treatment of mental disorders has already been a steady movement forward. In fact, many of the inadequacies and controversies that mark the clinical field today parallel those of the past. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20
At the same time, looking back can help us to appreciate the significance of recent breakthroughs and the importance of the journey that lies ahead. Most of our knowledge of prehistoric societies has been acquired indirectly and is based on inferences made from archaeological discoveries. Historians scrutinize the unearthed bones, artwork, and other remnants of ancient societies to find clues to people’s customs and beliefs. Any conclusions are at the best tentative and are always subject to revision in the face of new discoveries. Thus our knowledge of how ancient societies viewed and treated people with mental disturbances is limited. Most historians believe that prehistoric societies regarded abnormal behaviour as the work of evil spirits. These early societies apparently explained all phenomena as resulting from the actions of magical, sometimes sinister beings who controlled the World. In particular, they viewed the human body and mind as a battle ground between external forces of good and evil. Abnormal behaviour was typically interpreted as a victory by evil spirits, and the cure for such behaviour was to force the demons from a victim’s body. This supernatural view of abnormality may have begun as far back as the Stone Age, a half-million years ago. Some skulls from that period recovered in Europe and South America show evidence of an operation called trephination, in which a stone instrument, or trephine, was used to cut away a circular section of the skull. Historians surmise that this operation was performed as a treatment for severe abnormal behaviour—either hallucinations, which people saw or heard things not actually present, or melancholia, characterized by extreme sadness and immobility. The purpose of opening the skull was to release the evil spirits that were supposedly causing the problem. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20
In recent decades, some historians have questioned whether Stone Age people actually believe that evil spirits caused abnormal behaviour. Trephination may instead have been used to remove bone splinters or blood clots caused by stone weapons during tribal warfare. Either way, later societies clearly did attribute abnormal behaviour to possession by demons. Egyptian, Chinese, and Hebrew writings all account for psychological deviance this way. The Christian Bible, for example, describes how an evil spirit from the Lord affected King Saul and how David feigned madness in order to convince his enemies that he was visited by divine forces. However, did anyone else find it odd that when King David’s newborn baby was dreadfully sick near death, David prayed night and day, believing that God could heal his child. He would not eat or drink; he did not shave or shower. He did not attend to any business. He would not do anything but pray, crying out to God. Despite David’s passionate prayers, on the seventh day the child died. David’s servants worried how they were going to tell the king that his baby was dead. They thought he would be so devastated, so distraught that he could not handle it. However, when David finally figured out what had happened, he surprised them all. He got up off the floor, washed his face, and put on some fresh clothes. Then he asked his servants to bring him some food, and he sat down and ate a meal. His servants were confused. They said, “David, when your child was alive, you fasted and prayed. But now that he is gone, you act as though nothing is wrong.” David answered, “Yes, I fasted and prayed when my son was sick, thinking that God might heal him. But now that he is gone, I cannot bring him back. He will not return to me, but I will go to be with him.” #RandolphHarris 4 of 20
“But now that he is gone, I cannot bring him back. He will not return to me, but I will go to be with him.” Notice David’s attitude. He did not get bitter. He did not question God. He could have snarled, “God, I thought You loved me. Why didn’t You answer my prayers?” David did not do that. He dared to trust God in the midst of his disappointment. He washed his face and moved on with his life. The treatment for abnormality in these early societies was often exorcism. The idea was to coax the evil spirits to leave or to make the person’s body an uncomfortable place in which to live. A shaman, or priest, might recite prayers, plead with the evil spirits, insult them, perform magic, make loud noises, or have the person drink bitter potions. If these techniques failed, the shaman performed a more extreme form of exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person. The key feature of antisocial personality disorder (hereafter abbreviated as ASPD) is a pervasive pattern od disregard for and violation of other persons’ rights. This pattern is manifested in failure to conform to social norms, deceitfulness, lying, impulsivity, aggressiveness, disregard for the safety of others, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse for wrongdoing to others. The pattern is evidenced by age 18 and is foreshadowed by conduct disorder before the age of 15. People with ASPD behave as if the rules and norms of society do not apply to them. Of all the personality disorders, ASPD is characterized by the greatest hostility. Also, not that the terms psychopathy and sociopathy have often been used to descried ASPD. They argue that the distinction between the two lies in the origins of the disorder: Psychopathy arises from a constitutional disposition, whereas sociopathy results from poor socialization, typically defective parenting. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20
Like all other personality disorders, ASPD is associated with numerous and serious interpersonal implications. In a unique comparative study, it was found that adolescents who went on to develop ASPD as young adults were typified by trouble with the law, a poor work record, and early cohabitation. In contrast, those who developed other personality disorders were characterized more by social isolation and other types of problematic interpersonal relations. People with symptoms of ASPD tend to endorse a ludus (game-playing) love style, and score low on the eros (pleasures of the flesh) love style. The ludus love styles appears to fit well with ASPD in that it is not an intimate means of relating to another person, and may well be seen as irritating by a large percentage of the population. This irritation and displeasure in others are obviously of little concern to a person with ASPD. On the contrary, the manipulations and “mind games” played upon others may be sources of satisfaction and amusement for such a person. The family-of-origin backgrounds of people with ASPD are expectedly troublesome. Poor relations with parents and a history of physical abuse have been tired to symptoms of ASPD. Gross neglect, to the point of abuse, is also fairly common in the family backgrounds of those with ASPD. Parental absence is equally prevalent in these families, especially through separation, divorce, death, or incarceration. A provocative hypothesis that may link these dysfunctional family-of-origin experiences with adult ASPD centers around a breakdown in the normal development of empathy. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20
During childhood, those who will later develop ASPD learn to recode vicarious fear as excitement and their victims’ suffering as something akin to righteous punishment. One must entertain the possibility that this inverted emotional reaction was learned from the parents of future adults with ASPD may model an emotional indifference to their children’s suffering—an indifference that the children eventually internalize, and with which they then treat others. It would be a gross oversimplification to asset that parental neglect and abuse lead to ASPD. Parental abuse may be an adequate explanation for the aggressiveness and hostility of those with ASPD, but it does not explain their resistance to control and conformity with social norms. The combination of parental neglect and abuse with sporadic and harsh discipline is what leads more specifically to ASPD. The parents of future adults with ASPD, who perhaps have psychosocial problems of their own, may oscillate between excessive permissiveness due to their absence, and stern discipline driven by unchecked impulse. This accordingly makes these children resent any intrusion, while placing a high premium on independence and a lack of interference from others. Like empathy breakdown hypothesis, this formulation has considerable intuitive appeal, but has yet to be fully tested and supported empirically. People with ASPD (antisocial personality disorder) appear to lack a social conscience. They shamelessly exploit, manipulate, and aggress against others, with no apparent remorse. They often run afoul of the law and have difficulties in their work and personal relationships. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20
People with ASPD have an orientation toward romantic relationship that has more to do with playing games than establishing a mutually meaningful connection. One often finds considerable dysfunction in the family backgrounds of those with ASPD, replete with the attendant physical abuse and neglect. Sporadic and harsh parental discipline may also figure into the etiology of this personality disorder. These disordered family processes may contribute to ASPD through modeling the replacement of vicarious fear with excitement, and by creating hostility and fierce independence as a result of stern but sporadic discipline. To live in the present moment, making the most of this day, we must forgive those people who have hurt us in the past. “Now we recognize and know that the Law is good if anyone uses it lawfully [for the purpose for which it was designed], knowing and understanding this: that the Law is not enacted for the righteous (the upright and just, who are in right standing with God), but for the lawless and unruly, for the ungodly and sinful, for the irreverent and profane, for those who strike and beat and [even] murder fathers and strike and [beat and [even] murder mothers, for manslayers, [for] impure and immoral persons, those who abuse themselves with humans, kidnapers, liars, perjurers—and whatever else is opposed to wholesome teaching and sound doctrine,” reports I Timothy 2.8-10. Too often, we try to collect our debts from other people. When somebody hurts us, we feel like they owe us. Somebody should pay for that pain we have suffered! That is what happen when one is trapped in the past. One is always trying to collect those debts. One will take it out on other people even thought they were not even involved. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20
Moreover, one should not drag something that happened in the past into one’s relationships today. Do not punish one’s spouse, children, pets, friends, neighbours, nor coworker for something that happened to one when one was growing up. Instead, turn it over to God. Keep your heart free from bitterness and resentment, and do not try to collect a debt that only God can pay. Start each day afresh and anew, especially in your family relationship. Do not let little things build up. Do not harbour unforgiveness and resentment. Do not allow the attitude of entitlement to overcome you. If one is not careful, even though vengeful snubs may seem insignificant to one, but over time that bitter attitude will build up, and it will end up causing one major problems. “Holding fast to faith (that leaning of the entire human personality on God in absolute trust and confidence) and having a good (clear) conscience. By rejecting and thrusting from them [their conscience], some individuals have made shipwreck of their faith,” reports I Timothy 1.19. If one is poisoned with unforgiveness, bitterness, or resentment on the inside, one has got to do one’s best to keep one’s own heart free and clean, because it will eventually show up on the outside. One cannot keep it buried. It will come out and begin to affect one’s personality. One will be hard to get alone with, easily offended, uptight, and negative. “You are to deliver this human over to Satan for physical discipline [to destroy carnal lusts which prompted one to incest], that [one’s] spirit may [yet] one saved in the day of the Lord Jesus Christ,” reports I Corinthians 5.5. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20
That is why the Scripture instructs us to put on a fresh new attitude every morning. Each morning, forgive the people who hurt you. Every morning, let go of your disappointments and setbacks. Each new morning, receive God’s mercy and forgiveness for the mistakes one has made, and forgive others for the hurts they have inflicted on one. Today focus on one’s possibilities; focus on what one can change rather than what one cannot change. What is done is done. If somebody offended, disappointed, or mistreated one yesterday, either one can get bitter or one can forgive them and move on. Remember, if one refuses to forgive others, God will not forgive one. If one lost one’s temper (went off) yesterday, quit dwelling on it. One cannot undo that. One needs to ask for forgiveness and then do better today. Was your boss, Dr. Blake, rude to you and jumped down your throat? Let it go. Maybe she sees great potential in you and expects you to put in 110 percent so you can excel. Do not go to work tomorrow with a chip on your shoulder. It is a new day. If things did not workout in a situation the way you thought they would, that is okay, God has something better for you. Press on and know that all things work out for the best for those who love God. However, do not take the easy way out and evade responsibility for your words or actions. If you have done wrong, offended someone or hurt somebody, you should seek that person’s forgiveness. However, if you are trying to fix something that you know there is no way to fix, and you have done everything you can do, you must simply leave that up to God. Receive His mercy and go out to live a successful life now. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20
In obedience to the revelation commanding the New York Saints to move to Ohio, all those living in New York who belonged to the church prepared to leave as soon as spring arrived. Early in the spring of 1831 many gathered at a house on the Erie Canal, which had been rented by Joseph’s father, Joseph Smith, Sr. The Erie Canal crossed the state of New York and was actually only a large ditch. It was scarcely wider than a present-day city street, and the water in it was about four feet deep. The boats were pulled along the canal by horses which walked along a pathway at the edge of the canal. It was quite expensive to travel by canal, but the Saints considered this the best way to travel with their women and children. They rented a boat to save expenses. This boat would take them by canal to Buffalo, and there they would take a lake boat on Lake Erie to a point near Kirtland. The prospects of traveling so far caused much excitement among the people, for most of the had not been farther than a few miles from their homes. About eighty of them gathered together. Each brought one’s personal belongings and as much food as was considered necessary for the trip. A friend gave Joseph’s mother, Lucy Smith, seventeen dollars (2021 adjusted for inflation $540.46), which she later used to buy food for those who had not brought enough. One day while they were traveling on the canal, there was a breakdown and they had to wait until the canal was repaired. That evening some of the men preached to a large number of people who gathered. These people asked them to return and preach again the next night, but they breakdown had been repaired and by morning the Saints were on their way again. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20
They were met at Buffalo by another group of Saints who were going to Ohio. They all were anxious to be on their way to Kirtland, but there was four feet of ice on the lake and boats could leave. Food and money were so limited that the Saints were faced with the problem of where to stay. Mother Smith remembered that her brother’s former partner was now a lack-boat captain, and she had no trouble finding him. When she explained their trouble, he suggested that she and all her friends come on board his ship to wait until the ice broke so they could sail. After boarding the boat the little band of pilgrims knelt in prayer on the deck to thank God this this pressing problem had been solved. Almost immediately the ice broke, opened up a channel, and they were able to sail. The ice closed behind them and it was three weeks before another boat left the port. The trip was long and stormy. The boat was reported lost and their Kirtland friends feared they might never see them again. At last, weary with the storms, the boatload of Saints landed about eleven miles from Kirtland. Two young men walked to Kirtland, and soon the Kirtland Saints were taking them home. The reunion was a happy one and everyone enjoyed the breakfast at the Edward Partridge Home. For many of them it was the first real meal they had eaten in weeks. In the Early months of 1831 Orson Pratt walked from New York to Kirtland (about three hundred miles) preaching as he traveled. His missionary efforts were very successful and he baptized many people. Lyman Wight traveled about six hundred miles through Ohio and Pennsylvania, preaching as he went. He baptized 393 people. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20
Many of these newly baptized Saints obeyed God’s instructions to father to Kirtland. As summer neared practically all those who belonged to the church, with the exception of the little band in Missouri, were living in Kirtland. It was a strain on the small community to care for so many people. Some were very poor. Others were families of missionaries who were away preaching, and were thus unable to earn a livelihood for their families. All who came to Kirtland needed homes, and many were without sufficient food and clothing. God wished His people to be equal and to have their need supplied. To help the Saints know how to care for so many people, a revelation was given through Joseph Smith in May 1831, in which Edward Partridge was given the responsibility of organizing the people. Instructions given at the time have formed the basis for the law of the church which teaches people to be unselfish and to have consideration one for another. God instructed His Saints to build a storehouse. All things, both money and food which were more than was needful for the want of the people, were to be brought to the storehouse to be kept in the hands of the bishop. Those who were in need could then go to the storehouse and receive their needs. According to this law they were to be given help in accordance with the size of their families and the amount of help they required. In this revelation a promise was given to those who would be obedient to this law and contribute to the storehouse: “Behold, this shall be an example unto my servant Edward Partridge, in other places, in all churches. And whoso is found a faithful, a just, and a wise steward, shall enter into the joy of one’s Lord, and shall inherit eternal life.” #RandolphHarris 13 of 20
A General Conference was held at Kirtland on June 6, 1831. All the elders who could attend were there, for Joseph had written them telling them God had instructed all who possibly could to attend this Conference. By revelation God commanded Joseph and Oliver Cowdery to ordain each other to the office of the high priest. They then ordained sixteen other men to this same office. The office of high priest is the highest office in the Melchisedec priesthood. It is the office held by Jesus Christ, the Son of God. During this conference a revelation was given through Joseph Smith, Jr., which indicated the future location of Zion: “I, the Lord, will make known unto you what I will that ye shall do from this time until the next Conference, which shall be held in Missouri, upon the land which I will consecrate unto my people.” This caused much excitement because Missouri was far away on the edge of the Indian country. Father, I dare to forgive others, because I know You have forgiven me. Help me each day to be tenderhearted, to forgive those people who have hurt me, used me, or otherwise brought pain into my life. Prayer tries to imitate the death of cry of dying creatures, the vocal expression of their fear of death. Such an imitation of the physical side of dying should being with it, momentarily, the associated death fear whose gravity and importance naturally swallow up all lesser fears. If this exercise is done twice daily, these lesser fears gradually become weaker, while the fear of death is itself overcome. If the Kingdom of Heaven is atmospheric, then why should we trouble to become unselfish, disciplined, and intelligent? Why bother to improve our character at all? No! the wise student does not think like this. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20
The power of good behaviour and payer augment the body’s energy. A heavy weight which one could hardly lift ordinarily can be lifted much more easily if a deep, long prayer is first taken. A long forward leap or a high jump can be more successfully achieved by following the same method. Health and strength are restored to an extend as long as one believes. When a faithful prayer is united to keen thought, and when the fused result is driven upwards physically to the brain and mentally in lofty aspirations to the Soul, the visitant will know by a beautiful change of consciousness that it is welcome. The importance of prayer is not only a physical one, because prayer enables us to get the full manifestation of the lifeforce in the body, but also because it allows for a fuller and freer manifestation of the mind. The danger of developing the skills of prayer for the sake of developing personal powers is that if the powers are finally gained, the spiritual path may be lost. You know we have sung that song, “When we all get to Heaven, we will sing and shout the victory.” We have to put victory off until then; but if we would learn to act on the Word, we could shout the victory here on Earth. Jesus said we are to pray, Thy will be done in Earth, as it is in Heaven. It is God’s will that we have victory here and that we shout it here on Earth. However, this does not come overnight. I drive a car, but I did not learn to drive a car in one day. It took me months (or years because I am still learning) of study and practice. The first few lessons I thought I would never learn, but each time it became easier. The first I saw one of those big BMW’s, I wanted to drive it, but was nervous. I thought it is so beautiful. I will have to learn how to drive. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20
If you say, “Well, I believe in prayer, then prayer ought to work for me,” in the same way you could say, “I believe in driving, therefore I ought to be able to drive.” Just because you believe in driving does not mean you can get in that BMW M760Li XDrive sedan and drive it. You might not know how to operate it. You might push the wrong button! Well, what makes us think the Word of God is any different? If we are going to operate in the Word accurately, we will have to spend time learning. It is the same with the law of electricity. If you do not understand the laws that govern electricity, you are liable to get into trouble. If you violate the laws that govern it, the same power that will wash your clothes and cook your food and heat your house will kill you. The Word of God is no less powerful. It operates on laws that will work when applied by whosoever will. If I got in an airplane and said, “Well, I know that the book says if you are going to climb over a 50-foot obstacle in 1200 feet, you must use 20-degree flaps, but I just do not feel like it. It looks to me like it ought to clear the hanger without flaps.” It does not matter how I feel or how it looks, I better go by what the book says or I am going to be in trouble. So are our prayers in trouble when we do not use God’s rulebook. When you do thing accurately according to the Word of God, you have all Heaven behind you and the Word will work for you. God’s Word is the Answer. We could sum it up by saying that prayer is not telling God the problem. Whatever you desire is what you should pray, not the problems. Turn loose of the problem. Take hold of the answer and make it your prayer and your confession of faith. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20
As an example, let us say you have a financial need. You would pray: Father, in the name of Jesus, Your Word says that You will supply all my need according to Your riches in glory by Christ Jesus. Your Word says that whatsoever things I desire when I pray to believe that I received them. Therefore I believe that my needs are supplied according to Your riches in glory by Christ Jesus. I have given; therefore, it is given to me—good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over. I have abundance and there is no lack. I sow bountifully; therefore, I reap bountifully. Father, You make all grace abound toward me and I, having all sufficiency in all things, do abound to every good work. For the Lord is my Shepherd and I do not want. The Word of God is the answer. Pray the Word—it works! Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. You have been given a glimpse of the goal. Now you must strive to attain that goal. The glimpse itself has enabled you to understand the consciousness and the characteristics to strive for. Both are so subtle that words merely hint at them and may be meaningless. In receiving an experience beyond words, you have therefore been so fortunate as to be favoured with the Overself’s Grace. Merely to enjoy such a glimpse is not enough. It must be turned to use, made into a standard for thought and living, applied to every situation in which one finds oneself. One must let its beneficent memory shed peace, goodwill, and kindliness on all around. The illuminatory experience may come to one who is without previous preparation, seeking, effort, or self-discipline. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20
However, if it comes so unexpectedly it leaves just as unexpectedly. The visitant is transient. The effects are permanent. If it be asked why it should come to such a person, who neither desired nor strove for it, when others are unable to secure it despite years of seeking it, the answer must be that one worked for it in earlier lives. One has forgotten oneself for an interval but the illumination recalls one to the quest even though it passes away: hence the permanency of its moral and mystical results. What one see in that sudden flash is to be slowly worked out in one’s character and conduct during the hours and months of subsequent years. Indeed, every minute offers the chance to transform oneself by the smallest of degrees. What one feels during those moments one has to become during the years that follow. All one’s life has to converge upon this divine focus, all one’s experience has to draw its supreme significance from it. Jonah the Old Testament prophet had the same problem of many modern-day Christians: he ran away from his own great calling. The nonactualizing Christian may not be swallowed by a whale, but probably God will arrange some modern kind of encounter that will awaken us to our greatness and unique mission in life. Jesus showed the ability to jar people into an awareness of their potential for fulfillment. According to the Gospel narratives, Jesus moved fancy women and men, tax collectors, religious workers, fishermen, shepherds, soldiers—anyone. Ironically, in surrendering to personal encounter with Jesus, they discovered how valuable and great they themselves were! #RandolphHarris 18 of 20
Yet in the church today, there are often messages given to people that say: “Do not think too highly of yourself”; “There is nothing great about you; only God is great”; “Pride goes before the fall.” This can lead to a false sense of humility or even a self-hatred. The individual who has difficulty accepting one’s genuine and God-given strengths often discounts compliments instead of graciously receiving and appreciating them. One probably has difficulty complimenting or praising others too. The Scriptures present a different picture of the believer. Just as God gives his glory to Christ, Jesus gives His glory to the Christian (John 17.22). The actualizing Christian discovers this and feels gratitude, strength, and joy. One can vernalize one’s feelings by such phrases as “I am adequate,” “I am capable,” “I am strong,” and “I am powerful.”” The awareness of one’s strengths, gifts, and talents is an important part of healthy self-love and self-esteem. The actualizing alternative to an overbearing strength is personal power. When one does not need to use absolute control over others or oneself, but rather feels that one is a vessel through which the power of the Holy Spirit is expressed, then one can say with Paul: “It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me,” reports Galatians 2.20. When this happens, relationships cease to be authoritarian, controlling, or manipulative, but rather emphasize cooperation and give maximum space to be. Sensing one’s strengths is reflected in an unpretentious kind of self-confidence. Because the actualizing Christian’s strength is rooted in the grace of God, one shares in God’s serenity. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20
Psalmist expressed it this way: “He is like a tree planted by streams of water, that yields its fruit in its season, and its leaf does not wither. In all that he does, he prospers,” reports Psalm 1.3. This is not the manipulative form of strength that we saw in the past; the striving Christian was rigid, tense, and compulsive. Rather, this genuine type of strength is a quiet, relaxed flow of power from the presence of the Holy Spirit in one’s life. The actualizing Christian can do great things in the World, but the way that these things are done does not come across to others as arrogant, self-conscious, or forced. The actualizing Christian experiences firsthand the biblical principle, “Not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit,’ says the Lord,” reports Zechariah 4.6. O our Father, thy Sky, hear us and please make us strong. O our Mother the Earth, please hear us and give us support. O spirit of the East, send us your Wisdom. O Spirit of the South, may we tread your path of life. O Spirit of the West, may we always be ready for the long journey. O Spirit of the North, please purify us with your cleansing winds. Magnified and sanctified be the name of God throughout the World which He hath created according to His will. May He establish His kingdom during the days of your life and during the life of all the house of America, speedily yea, soon; and ye, Amen. May His great name be blessed for ever and ever. Exalted be honoured be the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, whose glory transcends, yes, us beyond all praises, hymns, and blessings that humans can render unto Him; and say ye, Amen. May there be abundant peace from Heaven, and life for us and for all America; and say ye, Amen. May He who establisheth peace in the Heavens, grant peace unto us and unto all America; and say ye, Amen. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20
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Randolph Harris II International Institute 