Evil is a deviation from the good due to a human deflect in cognition or intention that leads to mistaking appearance from reality. Prudently, most men sink into nameless graves, and now and then, a few forget themselves into immortality. In the day-to-day process of living, with all its trails, challenges, and discouragements, we often underestimate our own God-given attributes and abilities which makes it possible for each of us to pattern his or her life after that to the Saviour and, in fact, do some of the things He did as He lived here among men. We may never personally experience the miracle of raising the dead, or be one to turn water into premium cranberry juice. We may not be one of thousands who may be fed from a few loaves and fishes, or be part of the miraculous experience of walking on a stormy sea. However, for each one of us, there are several Christlike patterns of living we can be a part of in our mortal sojourn. For instance, with us here today, there are more than a few who display unquestioning obedience to whatever is asked of them—as did He. There are those who are complete in their forgiveness of the offenses of others—as was He. The list of Christlike attributes and patterns of living goes on and on, as does the list of those who will continue to strive to be obedient, however difficult it may be. Thank Heaven for those who keep trying! They cannot fail. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20

It is incredible to think, at first, that man’s fate, all his nobility and all his degradation, is decided by a child no more than six years old, and usually three, but that is what script theory claims. After talking to a child of six, or maybe three, it is a little easier to believe. And it is extremely easy to believe by looking around at what is happening in the World today, and what happened yesterday, and seeing what will probably happen tomorrow. The history of human scripts can be found on ancient monuments, in courtrooms and morgues, in gambling houses and letters to the editor, and in political debates, where whole nations are talked down the righteous road by somebody trying to prove that what his parents told him in the nursery will work for the whole World. However, fortunately, some people have good scripts, and some even succeed in freeing themselves to do things their own way. Human destiny shows that, by diverse means, men come to the same ends, and by the same means they come to diverse ends. They carry their scripts and their counter scripts around in their heads in the form of Parental voices telling them what to do and not do, and their aspirations in the form of Child pictures of how they would like it to be, and among the three of them they put their shows on the road. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20

There they find themselves entangled in a web of other people’s scripts: first their parents, then their spouses, and over all of them, the scripts of those who govern the places where they live. There are also chemical hazards like infectious diseases, and physical ones, such as hard objects that the human body is not constructed to withstand. The script is what the person planned to do in early childhood, and the life course is what happens. The life course is determined by genes, by parental background, and by external circumstances. An individual whose genes cause intellectual disabilities, physical deformity, or early death from cancer or another disease or virus, will have little opportunity to make his own life decisions or to carry them through to completion. The course of his life will be determined by inheritance (or perhaps birth injury). If the parents themselves suffered from severe physical or emotional deprivation as infants, that may destroy their children’s chances of carrying out a script, or perhaps even of forming one. They may kill their offspring by neglect or abuse, or condemn them to life in an institution from an early age. Diseases, viruses,  accidents, oppression, and war may terminate even the most carefully thought out and best supported plan. So can a walk or a drive through the script of an unknown person: an assassin, thug, or car-crasher. #RandolpHarris 3 of 20

A combination of these—genes plus oppression, for example—may close so many avenues to members of a certain line that they have few choices in planning their scripts, and it may make a tragic life course almost inevitable. However, even with strict limitations, there are nearly always some alternatives open. An aerial bomb, an epidemic, or a massacre may leave no choice at all, but at the next level, the person may be able to choose between killing, being killed, or killing himself, and there his choice will depend on his script, that is, the kind of decision he made in early childhood. A selfless person is one who is more concerned about the happiness and well-being of another than about his own convenience or comfort, one who is willing to serve another when it is neither sought for nor appreciated, or one who is willing to serve even those whom he dislikes. A selfless person displays a willingness to sacrifice, a willingness to purge from his mind and heart of personal wants, and needs, and feelings. Instead of reaching for and requiring praise and recognition from himself, or gratification of his own wants, the selfless person will meet these very human needs for others. Remember the words of the Saviour as He taught His disciples on an occasion when personal recognition was being sought: “But Jesus called them to Him, and saith unto them, …whosoever will be great among you, shall be your minister: And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be servant of all. For even the son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give His life a ransom for many,” reports Mark 10.42-45. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20

The difference between life course and life plan can be illustrated by considering two rodents used in an experiment to show that the early experiences of a mother rodent can affect the behaviour of her offspring. The first animal was named Victory Purdue-Wistar III, or Victor for short. (Purdue-Wistar was the actual surname of the rodents used in this experiment, and Victor and Arthur were the forenames of their godfathers, the experimenters.) Victor came from a long line of experimental subjects, and his genes suited him for this station in life. His mother, Victoria, had been handled and caressed when she was a pup. His distant cousin, Arthur Purdue-Wistar III (Arthur) was equally suited to being an experimental subject. His mother, Arthuria, had been left in her cage and was never handled or caressed when she was little. When the two cousins grew up, it was found that Victor weighed more, explored less, and dropped his excretions more often than Arthur did. What happened to them in the long run, after the experiment was over, is not stated, but it probably depended upon external forces, such as what the experimenters needed to use them for. Thus, their life courses were determined by their genes, their mothers’ early experiences, and decisions made by stronger forces over which they had no control and to which there was no appeal. Any “scripts” or “plans” they wanted to carry out as individuals were limited by all this. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20

Thus Victor, who liked to vegetate, could so indulge himself; while Arthur, who wanted to explore, was frustrated in his cage; and neither of them, however strong the urge, could seek for immortality through reproduction. Tom, Dick, and Harry, distant cousins of Victor and Arthur, had a different experience. Tom was programed to press a lever to avoid getting an electric shock, and as a reward he would get a pellet of good. Dick was programmed the same way, expect that his treat was a drink of alcohol. Harry was also programmed to avoid the unpleasant shock, and his reward was a pleasant shock instead. Then they were switched around so that in the long run all three of them learned all three of the programs. After that, they were put in a cage with three levers: one for food, one for alcohol, and one for the pleasant shock. Then each one could make his own “decision” as to how he wanted to spend his life: eating, lying in a drunken stupor, or getting electric thrills, or any combination or alternation of these. Furthermore, there was a treadmill in the cage, and each one could decide whether he wanted to take exercise along with his other rewards. This was exactly like a script decision, for each rodent could decide whether he wanted to spend his life as a gourmand, an alcoholic, a thrill-seeker, or an athlete, or whether he preferred a moderate combination. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20

However, although each could follow his “script decision” and take the consequences as long as he remained in the cage, the actual outcomes of their lives depended on an external force majeure, for the experimenter could interrupt the experiment and break up the “script” whenever he felt like it. Thus, their life courses and their life styles were largely determined by their “life plans” up to the final outcome, which was decided by someone else. However, these “life plans” could only be chosen from among the alternatives offered by their “parents,” the experimenters who programmed them. And even that choice was influenced by things that had happened to them earlier. Although men are not laboratory animals, they often behave as though they are. Sometimes they are put in cages and treated like rats, manipulated, and sacrificed at the will of their masters. However, many times the cage has an open door, and a man has only to walk out if he wishes. If he does not, it is usually his script which keeps him there. That is familiar and reassuring, and after looking out at the great World of freedom with all its joys and dangers, he turns back to the cage with its buttons and levers, and knowing what if he keeps busy pushing them, and pushes the right one at the right time, he will be assured of food, drink, and an occasional thrill. But always, such a caged person hopes or fears that some force greater than himself, the Great Experimenter, or the Great Computer, will change or end it all. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20

The forces of human destiny are foursome and fearsome: demonic parental programming, abetted by the inner voice the ancients called the Daemon; constructive parental programming, assisted by the thrust of life called Phusis long ago; external forces, still called Fate; and independent aspirations, for which the ancients had no human name, since for them such were the privileges mainly of gods and kings. And as a resultant of these forces there are four kinds of life courses, which may be mixed and lead to one or another kind of final destiny: scripty, counterscirpty, forced, and independent. What can we do to cultivate and nurture the divine quality of selflessness? May I suggest, as a first step, that there be an incredibly careful, introspective evaluation. Consider the behavioural patterns we have just referred to. As part of this self-evaluation process, uless we recognize a need to change, it is important to remember there can be no successful change in any of us. That must come first. With the recognition of the need to improve, may we now suggest that as part of the process of cultivating and nurturing the attribute of selflessness, we begin to develop an attitude of service—the ongoing desire for the well-being of others. A beginning would be feeling empathy for those who need uplifting, then acting with caring thoughtfulness. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20

Once, I welcomed this beautiful and friendly German shepherd, Mr. Peepers, who belonged to the neighbours, and chased away an ugly dog who slithered like a snake. Leo asked me, “Why do you chase Snakey away?” I said, “Because he is ugly. I do not like him.” Leo said, “Mr. Peepers likes him. Mr. Peepers lets Snakey eat from his plate.” I was very ashamed, and confused and troubled about how I had come to feel about Snakey as I did. I was touched by the matter-of-factness of Leo’s observation, and disturbed that I had tried to impose my prejudice on seven-year-old Leo. Next time that Snakey came on our land, I called him, and when he came to me, I patted him on the head. He wriggled all over with happiness, and his “ugly” little eyes became so bright and dancing that they seemed to shoot out sparks. I shared his joy and loved him. It seems to me that in education it is more important to question than it is to give answers. This is hardly the way it is done about in school. I think that “education” is the chief reason why so often when I am asking a question, I feel that I must try to give an answer, rather than saying “I do not know” or asking another question. Recently when I was being interviewed on a podcast to arrive at something (which we did not—we threw out the tape) I noticed that when the interviewer asked a question, I struggled to answer it, when the thought in my head was “That question is not going to arrive at what you want. Could you ask another question?” If I had thrown out most of the questions this way, we would not have had to throw out the tape. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20

Another thing about accepting truth is that non-acceptance often brings about a fiction. A Hawaiian woman told me that Hawaiian mythology as it is written in books is all wrong. I asked her how this had happened. She said, “Oh, the haoles (white people) asked us about it and then laughed at us for what we told them. So then we told them lies which they believed, and we laughed at them.” I have seen this happen with Navajos and anthropologists. One sees it happen all the time within a family. How can it be different in psychotherapy? How can there be a good interpersonal relationship without respect on both sides? I do not always respect everyone, but when I do not, it is good for me to know this, and to know that I cannot at such times be helpful to another person. If I “try to help” someone when I do not feel respect for them, I am fooling myself. I am not responding to them, but to some notion of what I “should” do for people, even though I may truly wish to be helpful. I must not conceal from myself that I am not being helpful. Limitation is comprehensive and difficult to define because it concerns the elusive concept of “self.” What I mean here is perhaps best indicated by William James’s concept of the “real self” as distinguished from the material and social self. In simple terms it concerns what I really feel, what I really want, what I really believe, what I really decide. It is, or should be, the most alive center of psychic life. It is this psychic center to which the appeal is made in analytical work. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20

In every neurosis its scope and its aliveness are decreased, for genuine self-regard, native dignity, initiative, the capacity to take responsibility for one’s life, and like factors that account for the development of self have always been battered. Moreover, the neurotic trends themselves have usurped a great deal of its energies because—to resume an analogy previously used—they turn a person into an airplane driven by remote control. In most instances there are sufficient possibilities for recapturing and developing the self, though the strength of these possibilities is difficult to estimate at the beginning. However, fi the real self is considerably damaged, the person has lost his own center of gravity and is directed by other forces, from within or from without. He may over adapt himself to his environment and become an automaton. He may find his only right to existence in being helpful to others, and thus be socially useful though his lack of any center of gravity within himself is bound to hamper his efficiency. He may lose all inner sense of direction, and either drift aimlessly or be entirely directed by a neurotic trend. His feelings, thoughts, and actions may be almost entirely determined by an inflated image which he has built up of himself: he will be sympathetic not because he really feels it, but because to be sympathetic is part of his image; he will have “friends” or “interests” because those friends or interests are required by his image. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20

Maslow proposed the term peak experiences to describe occasions of great joy, moments of intense happiness and satisfaction that may be occasioned by knowing one is loved, by a fulfilling intimate relationship, by the completion of a long and difficult project, or even by eating simple fare after a period of long privation. An intensely contested game of gold, tennis, or handball can be a “high.” Maslow argued that the World is seen in its essence, as it really is, during and after such occasions of peaking. He further asserted that such moments are times when a person “has it together,” is more integrated, less self-conscious; indeed, is more fully functioning and less armoured against the World. Although Maslow chose the term peak experiences (current slang uses the terms highs, or ups as opposed to downs), I would like to extend its meaning and use Ted Landsman’s term positive experiencing. Positive experience refers to all occasions of pleasure, fun, satisfaction, completion of projects, fulfillment of hopes—the good moments in life. Of course, when these are undergone to bring about some meaningful and hoped-for outcome, positive experience can also include pain and suffering. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20

Positive experience, then, is what life is lived for. This statement is not a return to a hedonistic theory of human life, because meaningful positive experience goes beyond, through it includes sensuous pleasure. Positive experience includes the experience of the fulfillment of meaning. When a person lives a life that does not yield its due measure of positive experiencing, that person begins to lose morale. He becomes increasingly dispirited and hopeless, and under these circumstances may even attempt suicide. Certainly, sudden reductions in customary positive experiences, and with no apparent hope of amelioration, are likely factors in reduced resistance to infectious ills. Positive experiencing is good for physical, psychological, and spiritual health. Indeed, one definition of love for another is concern that positive experiencing will come his way more often. Health personality entails the ability to act in ways that produce positive experiencing for the self and for others. Two kinds of experiences seem to contribute to the development of the healthy personality or to becoming a “beautiful and noble person,” as described by Landsman—first, the positive experience, significant experiences of joy, happiness, warmth, and so on; and secondly, those negative or unhappy experiences that result in a strengthening of the self or in learning about the self. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20

The positive experience of being loved, for example, is clearly a growth-facilitating happening. Healthy children and adults need a consistent flow of these experiences to, at the very least, be sure that life is a joyous experience or that life holds the potential for joy, delight, ecstasy, compassion, warmth, and so on. Rizzo and Vinacke askes a sample of people of wide ages ranges about their critical experiences and found that those who described these experiences as being happy (or positive or mixed) also made high scored on the Personality Orientation Inventory, indicating high self-actualization. The desire for motherhood is Nature’s urge in the individual; it is entirely on par with the illusions of intimacy. See if for what it is worth, no more or less, and leave the rest to fate; if it comes or you may then enjoy it. If it does not, you will remain undisturbed. The patent, the husband, or the wide who demands continuous attention and undivided devotion, who assumes as a natural right the duty of making decisions for one, turns a home into a goal. The only relatives he recognizes are not blood ones but loves ones, inner and outer, lasting spiritual affinities not temporary physical accidents, mental and not geographical ones. Family life gives great joys on the one hand, and grave anxieties on the other. It was always like that, and we cannot alter but must accept it. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20

With all its ups and downs, the householder life is the best after all. Most of the qualities needed for spiritual development can be got from it. Parents should respect the child’s individuality and not let it get too dependent and too attached, thus robbing it of the capacity to grow mature and self-reliant. The over-protectiveness of fear-ridden mothers toward their children and the over-possessiveness of comminating mothers show a lack of faith in the one case, and a lack of understanding in the other. It is part of family relationship for the children to identify themselves, by extension, with their parents. Thus, it is what the French call “egoisme a deux.” Relationship is a matter of soul, not a measure of blood. Once across the threshold of puberty, the boy begins the unfolding of the emotional nature. Each child will then develop his own individual feelings and passions as a process of growth towards manhood. How can this be done unless the young begin at the same time to develop away from utter dependence upon the mother? They must begin in however small a degree to claim their freedom and move away emotionally from their physical source. All this is to be accomplished by stages and not all at once until maturity is reached. Then, just as the fledgling bird must emerge from the nest and learn to fly even at the risk of falling, so the young must learn to stand on their own feet in order to reach maturity. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20

What holds true for psychology holds true also for sociology. If I am not concerned with society, then my thinking about society has no focus; it is nothing more than a blind groping, even if the blindness is hidden by a collection of “data” and impressive statistics. If I am concerned with man—and how can concern with the individual man be separated from concern with the society of which he is a part?—I am struck with the suffering that society causes, and I am prompted by the wish to reduce the suffering so as to help man to become fully human. If one is concerned with man, then this concern poses various questions: how can man be free, how can he be fully human, how can he become what he could be? It was this concern which prompted Marx to make his great discoveries. They, like any other scientific discovery, were not at all correct; in fact, the history of science is the history of errors. This holds true for Marx’s as it does Dr. Freud’s theories. What matters is not that a new insight is necessarily the last word of truth, but that it is faithful, that it is conducive to further discovery, and more than that: that in discovering truth, man changes himself because he becomes more awake and can transmit this greater awakedness to those who follow him. The interrelation between concern and knowledge has often been expressed—and rightly so—in terms of the interrelation between theory and practice. As Marx once wrote, one must not only interpret the World, but one must change it. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20

Indeed, interpretation without intention of change is empty; change without interpretation is bling. Interpretation and change, theory, and practice, are not two separate factors which can be combined; they are interrelated in such a way that knowledge becomes fertilized by practice and practice is guided by knowledge; theory and practice both change their nature once they cease to be separate. The problem of the interrelation between theory and practice has still another facet, the connection between intelligence and character. To be sure, every individual is born with a certain level of intelligence, and no psychological factors are responsible for his being either an idiot or a genius. However, idiots and geniuses are exceptions; what impressed me more and more was the stupidity of most people who do not fall under wither of these extreme categories. I am not referring to the lack of the sort of intelligence, which is measured by intelligence tests, but to the incapacity for understanding the less obvious causes of phenomena, of grasping contradictions within the same phenomenon, of making connections between different and not obviously related factors. This stupidity is most apparent in the views people have about personal relationships and social affairs. Why is it that people cannot see the most obvious facts in personal and social affairs and, instead, cling to cliches which are endlessly repeated without ever being questioned? #RandolphHarris 17 of 20

Intelligence, aside from the native faculty, is largely a function of independence, courage, and aliveness; stupidity is equally a result of submission, fear, and inner deadness. If an essential part of intelligence consists in the ability to make connections between factors which so far have not been seen as being related, the person who sticks to the cliché and to convention will not dare to recognize such connections; the person who is afraid of being different will not dare to recognize fictions for what they are, and hence will be greatly impeded from uncovering reality. The little boy in the story of the emperor’s clothes who sees that the emperor is naked, is, after all, not more intelligent than the adults, but he is not yet so eager to conform. Furthermore, any new discovery is an adventure, and the adventures require not only a certain degree of inner security, but also a vitality and joy which can be found only in those for whom living is more than releasing tensions and avoiding pain. To reduce the general level of stupidity, we need not more “intellect” but a different kind of character: men who are in love with life. However, there are dangers to intellectualization and the misuse of words. Words can be used without meaning what they purport to mean; words can be empty shells, and one can learn certain philosophical, religious, and political ideas as one learns a foreign language. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20

The Sacramento Fire Department promotes safety, protects life and property every day. “I remember one day I was detailed over to the battalion chief to be the chief’s aide. Guys referred to the aide as a double-dealing, double-clutching, clipboard-carrying apple polisher. This was all in fun, though, because the chief’s aide had to be a guy who was experienced and knew what he was doing. He was also the guy who approved vacation switches. So one summer day when the sidewalks of Sacramento were steaming hear, there was a job in one of the old tenement buildings, and, like always, hundreds of people crowded the sidewalk. It was my job, after the fire was put out, to talk to the people who had been burned out of their apartments and get all the information from them about the people who lived there and the possession lost in the fire. If they had the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London stuck in a back closet, I wanted to know about it. There was one woman sitting on the stoop. She was about twenty-four years old, good-looking, with those wide eyes that seem to convey innocence. I asked her her name. She said, ‘Famali Jenkins. I wrote it down, thinking it was a kind of exotic name. In the black culture there are many exotic names, particularly if they’re using African names. I asked her to spell it. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20

“She said, ‘F-E-M-A-L-E.” Her name was Female Jenkins, and my first inclination was to laugh. Then it dawned on me that probably when she was born, in the hospital that brought her forth to be one of God’s children, the mother had no immediate name to give to the hospital authorities, so they jotted in her sex, thinking, I suppose, that the real name could be inserted sometime in the future. Well, the real name never got attacked, and here the girl child of the Jekins family was left with this mark on a piece of paper for the rest of her life. Here she was on a crowed stoop in Midtown Sacramento, beneath her still smoldering apartment, telling me that her name is Female.” The Sacramento Fire Department’s mission is fire protection and to respond to emergency situations, and they make a point to do this with compassion. You can help save lives by donating to the Sacramento Fire Department. And remember, even if things are not going well, and you are a bit tired and sad, raise your children to love America and be patriot citizens. Also, let them know how important it is to love God and Jesus Christ and to be ethical and moral, and to obey the laws. We can help stop corruption and evil one person at a time. It only takes five good people to facilitate a change in a small group. To show support for America, remember to buy American cars and American made products. Respect law and order and treat others with dignity and kindness. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic, for which it stands, One Nation, under God, Indivisible with Liberty, and Justice for all. God is in His holy Temple, Earthly thoughts be silent now, while reverence we assemble, and before His presence bow. He is with us, now and ever, when we call upon His name, aiding every good endeavour, guiding every upward aim. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20

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