People are responsible for their own motives, attitudes, desires, and actions. Our words, works, and thoughts will condemn us. Burglary offenders generally exhibit pronounced criminal careers. Only 32 percent of the 4,000+ defendants who stood before the courts on felony burglary charges were without a prior felony arrest record. One third has a rap sheet containing ten or more arrests. Moreover, half had a prior felony criminal conviction under their belt and 10 percent had been convicted five or more time in the past. Four of ten burglary defendants were in an active criminal justice status (id est, on probation, parole, or pretrial release) at the time that they were arrested for the burglary offense in question. The criminal history patterns of the burglary defendants were more pronounced than any other type of defendant. Research on active burglars suggests that they engage in only limited specialization of offense. Most live a lifestyle that is built around immediate gratification (drug or drinking habits and frivolous spending) and are this almost constantly in need of cash. They are not picky about the exact source of the funds and tend to pursue a host of illicit income-generating avenues (exempli gratia, motor vehicle theft, robbery, larceny, fraud, drug sales). In a recidivism study, nearly 74 percent of the burglars got in trouble with the law within 3 years of release into the community, only 23 percent were rearrested on a new burglary charge. When specialization does occur among burglars, it tends to take on a “short term” quality. #RandolphHarris 1 of 14

Thirty three percent of burglars restricted their criminal activities solely to the crime of burglary during the past 6 months. This finding suggests that some habitual street offenders may fall into a groove and rely exclusively on burglary to support their drug use or fast-paced lifestyle. Over time, factors such as an opportunistic introduction to other criminal outlet, increased perceived risk, or saturation of “desirable” targets will inevitably lead them astray from their short-term specialization. Burglary is a crime that is principally guided by shallow instrumental motives. Most would-be offenders are drawn to the crime because of its monetary payoff. Habitual offenders describe burglary as a low-risk, high-yield form of crime. These risk perceptions are shaped by several factors. First, by implementing a minimal level of vigilance and commonsense, most offenders know that they can get in and out of a home or business without being identified. Second, they know that in lieu of physical evidence or eyewitness testimony, burglary offenses are difficult for police to solve. Third, seasoned offenders know that urban burglary victims (especially repeat victims) tend to have little faith in the police department’s ability to remedy their property losses or effect an arrest and thus may not be inclined to pursue the matter with the authorities. Finally, criminals know that burglary offenses are a low priority for law enforcement—numerous urban police forces now funnel burglary calls for service into an automated phone system that does little more than generate a police report for home owner’s insurance purposes. #RandolphHarris 2 of 14

Most burglars become accustomed to a fast-paced lifestyle and/or are addicted to drugs and thus continue to commit burglaries in the face of increasing risks and diminished rewards. In rare instances, burglars are known to exhibit expressive motivations. Inquiries reveal that burglars sometimes commit their crimes for excitement, revenge, or while in a drug- or alcohol-induced stupor. Issues of planning and target selection are critical to the burglar’s decision-making process. Planning refers to any prevent preparations that the burglar might put in place to assist him or her in more smoothly accomplishing goals. These preparations might include recruiting of accomplices with specific skills, “casing” the targeted establishment, or arranging for transportation. Research indicates that most burglars engage in only minimal prevent planning. They see no need to spend a lot of time thinking through the how, when, and where of their offending. Instead, they tend to operate in advance. There is a term known as opportunistic planning, which refers to the more spontaneous breed of burglar who identifies break-in opportunities as they arise and quickly formulates and implements a plan of attack. Alternatively, seasoned professionals often engage in search planning, whereby they are willing to spend considerable time looking for lucrative targets or wait for tipsters to supply them with such locations. These burglars might even limit their offending to specific types of dwellings (supermarkets, hotels). #RandolphHarris 3 of 14

Once a target is acquired, the offender(s) will formulate a predetermined division of labor, become familiar with the dwelling, and map out a contingency-based extraction and escape scenarios. Interview data reveal that these meticulous prowlers view planning as the cornerstone of low-risk, high-yield approach to the trade. Target selection refers to the strategic criteria that attract or repel a would-be offender from a given dwelling. Oftentimes, offenders wait for someone lese to direct them toward desirable targets. More precisely, they may rely on inside information from someone who is familiar with the dwelling. For example, an acquaintance, an employee, subcontractor (pest control worker, landscaper, maid, cable guy, manager, et cetera), or pizza deliver driver might identify a home or business as being particularly susceptible to a break-in. These informants sometimes go as far as to leave the doors or windows unlocked or provide the location and type of valuables that are available for the taking. Such tips are invaluable to the burglar and usually result in some form of payoff for the informant before or after the crime is committed. Or, in high scale neighborhoods, they will have pretty white girls case the block looking for houses they want to hit, and then knock on the door, ask to use the phone, start a conversation, visually memorize the layout of the homes and where the valuable are. Then, they draw a blueprint of the house and highlight things to get, and give it to their team. #RandolphHarris 4 of 14

Much of what we know about offender decision-making processes comes from a series of innovative studies specifically undertaken to assess the “in-the-field” thought processes of active burglars. Collectively, these studies suggest that burglars are sensitive to the physical space and architectural design. These characteristics play an important role in whether they follow through on a desire to victimize a given home or business. Offenders’ target selection processes are broken down into three categories: occupancy probes, surveillability cues, and accessibility cues. Occupancy cues allow the offender to determine if the dwelling is currently vacant. Empty homes or businesses are ideal because they minimize the likelihood that the assailant will be observed, interrupted, or reported while engaging in the crime. Burglars, therefore, become well versed at scanning the environment for signs of occupancy. Cues such as cars in the driveway/garage, silhouettes in the windows, or the sound of voices tell them that someone is home and that they are wise to keep moving along their way. A burglary might go so far as to look for newspapers on the stoop or a mailbox full of mail. Some will even knock on the door or call on the phone to see if anyone is inside. The most seasoned burglars will take a few days to study the daily routines of the occupants and even the neighbors. #RandolphHarris 5 of 14

Surveillability cues direct attention to the perimeter of a potential target. Here, the offenders seeks to determine whether they will be able to get into and out of an unoccupied structure without drawing the attention of neighbors or passers by. Ideal targets are poorly lit, secluded, fenced-in locations with minimal traffic and easily accessed entry and escape points. Conversely, nosey or nearby neighbors, significant foot traffic, neighbors with dogs, and the absence of shrubbery or fencing can encourage a burglary to move along their way. Som burglars seek to blend into the environment by wearing uniforms or driving service vehicles that deflect attention. Accessibility cues focus on the issue of entry. Here, the assailants seek out soft targets with unsophisticated or inoperable security devices. Unlocked doors or windows are appealing, while target hardening devices such as deadbolt locks, burglar alarms, burglar bars, or dogs sever as deterrents. Some burglars claim to have knowledge or skills regarding how to defeat sophisticated locks or alarm systems but, in practice, almost always chose to avoid undertaking the task. It appears that offenders are pragmatic on these issues; namely, they see no reason to take on a challenging target when they can bank on the fact that a “soft” one exists somewhere nearby. Drug and alcohol use appears to have an important impact on the thought processes of burglary offenders. Survey of federal and state prison inmates found that the majority (56 percent) of incarcerated burglars were under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of their most recent offense. #RandolphHarris 6 of 14

Urinalysis testing of arrestees suggests that the actual level of offense-related substance use may be even higher—nearly 80 percent of the burglars who were tested via the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program were shown to have drugs or alcohol in their system. These alarming statistics have led some to look more closely at the relationship between substance use ad burglary (id est, drugs/crime relationship). We interviewed active burglars with established drug habits. Several significant trends were revealed. As expected, these offenders explained that they relied on burglary as a primary source of money to support their drug habit (id est, instrumental motive source). Somewhat unexpectedly, drug use was said to facilitate the actual commission of burglars. That is, the burglars claimed that they routinely used drugs to enhance their skills (alertness, steadiness, et cetera) or to calm their nerves just prior to offending. Respondents described a tenuous relationship between burglary and drug use—they recognized that some drugs such as cocaine or other stimulants will predictably yield poor decision making and increased risks. Burglars appear to rely on simple and pragmatic normative neutralizations to account for their criminal indiscretions. Most burglars attach a sense of necessity to their crimes. For those with substance abuse problems, burglary is viewed as a primary means by which they can feed the habit and thus avoid withdrawal. For the nonaddicted offenders interviewed, burglary represents a reliable source of illegitimate income (along with robbery, theft, and drug dealing) by which they could solve pressing financial crises and/or sustain their free-wheeling lifestyle and delicate social status. #RandolphHarris 7 of 14

In our premortal life we had a moral agency. One purpose of Earth life is to show what choices we will make. If we are forced to choose the right, we would not be able to show what we would choose for ourselves. Also, we are happier doing things when we have made our own choices. The Lord has said that all people are responsible for their own actions. Even though we are free to choose our course of action, we are not free to chose the consequences of our actions. The consequences, whether good or bad, follow as a natural result of any choice we make. “The Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey Him,” is the principal phrase giving rise to the expression “obey the Spirit.” It was used by Peter before the priestly council in Jerusalem, but nowhere else in the Scriptures is the same thought given. The whole passage needs to be read carefully to reach a clear conclusion. “We must obey God” (Acts 5.29), Peter declared to the Sanhedrin, for “we are witnesses…and so is the Holy Ghost whom God hath given to them that obey Him” (v. 32). Does the apostle mean “obey the Spirit” or “obey God,” according to the first words of the passage? The distinction is important, and the sense of the words can be rightly grasped only by noting the teaching of other parts of Scripture, that the Triune GOD IN HEAVEN is to be obeyed through the power of the indwelling Spirit of God. For to place the Holy Ghost as the object of obedience, rather than God the Father, through the Son, by the Holy Spirit, creates the danger of leading the believer to rely upon, or obey, a “spirit” in or around one, rather than God on the throne in Heaven. #RandolphHarris 8 of 14

God is to be obeyed by the child of God untied to His Son—the Holy Spirit being the medium, or means, through whom God is worshipped and obeyed. Sometimes in life, we may experience a strong desire to be alone, and may deliberately cut ourselves off from others. We may seek within, not for an answer, but for a way to live, but sometimes nothing will come. Each day, some wait for the sun to rise, but only darkness persists. The World may look remote, strange. Its color may fade away, its breath becomes cold. One may see everything through a cloud…a thick veil alters the hue and look of everything. Persons mov like shadows, and sounds seem to come from a distant World—there are no longer any past for one; people appear so strange; it is as if one cannot see any reality, as if one was in a threatre; as if people are actors, and everything is scenery; one can no longer find oneself; one walks, but why? Everything floats before one’s eyes, but leaves no impression. Each day some people experience a continuing feeling of detachment and a desire to be alone, immune to life. One only wants internal dialogue, and believes that through an internal sign one will discover the next step. The concreteness of the content of faith brings in its wake doubt, risk, and anxiety. Elementary psychology dictates a direct ratio between concreteness and concern; one can be far more concerned about a concrete object than an abstract one. However, the more concretely the content of faith is expressed in a symbol, the greater is the possibility of error, for the element of absoluteness, of transcendence, may be edged out. #RandolphHarris 9 of 14

A preliminary concern, so alluring in its concreteness, may become the content of faith. Nor do we enjoy any immediate awareness that the content to which faith has committed us is truly ultimate. Consequently, doubt is an element which is always and will be always present in the act of faith. This doubt is neither methodological doubt, which is a mode of scientific inquiry, nor sceptical doubt, which is really a cloak for concealed faith. It is existential doubt arising from the tension between the ultimacy of concern and the concreteness of content. To complement the appearance of doubt, mention must be made also of risk and anxiety. Risk can be used to include both objective doubt about the concrete content of faith and subjective commitment to it. Risk is decision for the uncertain. Anxiety is a much broader concept, and, in fact, we build an ontology of anxiety. In this ontological sense, anxiety is the existential awareness of nonbeing. Nonbeing can threaten in several different ways. The way it threatens man’s spiritual life is by the anxiety of meaninglessness, an anxiety aroused by the loss of a spiritual center, of an answer, however symbolic and indirect, to the question of the meaning of existence. The doubter has lost God, truth, and the meaning of life, but one cannot rest in this loss, for one encounters the demand to what one has lost. One is gripped by the relentless power of truth, and, since one cannot fulfill the law of truth, one falls into despair. One doubts about one’s salvation, except that in one’s case loss of salvation is not the divine sentence of condemnation, but the abyss of meaninglessness. Radical doubt is not an ethical problem of flight from God. It is the struggle for participation in the unconditioned meaning of life. #RandolphHarris 10 of 14

The justification of the doubter (die Rechtfertigung des Zweiflers) paradoxically is accomplished by faith. For faith is ultimate concern, not the acceptance of theological truths, even truths about God and Christ. It is legalism to insist upon adoption of creedal beliefs before God grants justification. With the principle of justification by faith being applied to the religious-intellectual life—nothing only the sinner, but the doubter, too, is saved by faith, by one’s ultimate concern. The more serious the doubt and the more despairing the doubter, the greater is one’s concern for the meaning of life. This unconditional seriousness is the expression of the presence of the divine in the experience of utter separation from it. Faith is found in the depths of doubt. To put doubt in its proper context, attention is called to the fact that we intend to analyze the structure of faith, not describe an actual state of mind. Consequently, doubt is not a permanent experience within the act of faith. However, it is always present as an element in the structure of faith. Similarly, extreme anxiety is not a common occurrence, but the rare occasions in which it is present determine the interpretation of existence as a whole. In an economic sense, China has a lot to do with existence of the United States of America. China’s sensational performance as a manufacturing superpower left in the shadow its rapidly growing presence in the global market of commercial services. On other hand, in the services sector the West retains a significant edge it can sharpen even further. Here it is in a good position to capture the rapidly expanding markets of China and other large developing countries, but at this point its services exports to those countries are surprisingly small. #RandolphHarris 11 of 14

As of 2022, global services exports are estimated at USD$7 trillion. International services exports account for 6.3 percent of World GDP. With USD$795 billion worth of services sold internationally in 2021, the United States of America remained the World’s leading exporter, capturing a 13 percent share of the global market. It was followed, at some distance, by the United Kingdom (USD$418 billion), China, the leading exporter among developing economies, ranked third (USD$392 billion). The top five service exporters from developing exporters are: China, India, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, China, Hong Kong SAR. The top five service exporters from developed economies are: United States of America, United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, and France.  In exports of commercial services by country, the top seven are: United States of America, UK, Germany, France, China, Japan, Spain, Italy, India. In the transportation and especially travel services, the sectors where China achieved most is still significantly lagging behind the Western powers. The latter continue to command global markets. Growth of India’s exports of those services was remarkable, but in absolute terms they remain minor. In the financial and telecom services sector, China’s global presence is almost invisible: It is not among the top 15 exporters (here and in the flowing, the EU is counted as a single exporter). India, at number seven, accounted for 1.9 percent of global exports of telecom services. Its share of the global financial services market was 1.4 percent. In the latter sector it is about to catch up with Japan (1.9 percent of the World’s total), though remaining far behind the United States of America (21.1 percent) and the EU (25.6 percent). #RandolphHarris 12 of 14

The only sector where Western countries are not leading is computer and information services. Computer service export were dominated by the European Union, India and China in 2019. With a dominance distant from the rest, although en bloc, the European Union registered external sales of these services for USD$250.616 million, after, India with USD$55.472 million, and China USD$44.96 billion, other exporters of computer services were the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Israel, Singapore, Canada, the Philippines and the United Arab Emirates. When it comes to economical labor, a jolting blow is likely to hit the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) even harder and change power relations among within them. Every since the smoky dawn of the industrial era, capitalist manufacturers have pursued the golden grail of inexpensive labor. After World War II the hunt for foreign sources of inexpensive labor became a stampede. Many developing countries bet their entire economic future on the theory that selling labor inexpensive labor would lead to modernization. Some, like the “four tigers” of East Asia—South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore—even won their bet. They were helped along by a strong work ethic, cultural and other unique factors, including the fact that two bitter wars, the Korean conflict in the 1950 and Vietnam in the 1960s and early ’70, pumped billions of dollars into their region. Some Japanese referred to this dollar influx as the “divine wind.” #RandolphHarris 13 of 14

Because of their success, it is now almost universally believed that shifting from the export of agricultural products or raw materials to the export of goods manufactured by inexpensive labor is the path to development. Yet nothing could be further from the long-range truth. There is no doubt that the inexpensive-labor game is still being played all over the World. Even now Japan is transferring plants and contracts from Taiwan and Hong Kong, where wages have risen, to Thailand, Malaysia, and China, where wages are still one-tenth those in Japan. No doubt many opportunities still exist for rich countries to locate pools of inexpensive labor in the LDCs. However, like leasing military bases or shipping ore, the sale of inexpensive labor is also reaching its outer limits. The reason for this is simple: Under the newly emerging system of wealth creation, inexpensive labor is increasingly expensive. As the new system spreads, labor costs themselves become a smaller fraction of total costs of production. In some industries today, labor costs represent only 10 percent of the total costs of production. A 1 percent saving of a 10 percent cost factor is only one tenth of a percent. By contrast, better technology, faster and better information flows, decreased inventory, or streamlined organization can yield savings far beyond any that can be squeezed out of hourly workers. This is why it may be more profitable to run an advanced facility in Japan or the United States of America, with a handful of highly educated, highly paid employees, than a backward factory in China or Brazil that depends on masses of badly educated low-wage workers. Inexpensive labor, is no longer enough to ensure market advantage to developing countries. #RandolphHarris 14 of 14