Scientific management established objectively based norms of production for every job in the armory. Workers are often times kept under surveillance, and their actual productivity is measured against the established productivity norms. The results of these methods have generally led to a dramatic increase in productivity and decrease in costs. The principles of calculability and grammatocentrism are, of course, the foundation of modern systems of management. Calculability led inevitably to such ideas as detailed accounting systems, inventory control, and productivity norms. Grammatocentrism promoted the idea that the best way to run a business is to know it through reports of those lower down the line. One manages, in other words, by the “numbers” and by being removed from the everyday realities of production. It is worth saying that the basic structure of business management originated in nonbusiness contexts. Still, it did not take very long for American businesses to begin to adopt the principles of Thayer, Tyler, and Whistler, and by doing so they created what we now thing of as a modern corporation. Indeed, management defines what we mean by a corporation, and has, more perhaps than machinery, created massive and complex business organizations that are the tangible manifestation of advanced technology. So long as Mao Zedong was live, China’s economy was divided in two. One part was the rural China of desperately poor peasants. The other was the urban China of smokestacks and assembly lines. What Mao’s successors have done is add a fast-growing knowledge-based sector. Unlike the bisected China of the past, China is now trisected. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20

China is the only trisected country in the World today. Three distinctly different wealth systems can be found in other nations as well—in India, Mexico, and Brazil, for example. However, the very existence of trisected countries is new to World history. And here, too, Chia is pioneering new territory. As we have seen, China’s twin-track development strategy has helped lift vast numbers out of the worst poverty and to raise its stature and influence among nations. However, all this comes with a hidden price. Each wealth wave in a country has its own constituency, so to speak—a population defined not simply by the nature of its work but by its needs and demands. The result is “wave conflict.” When China’s leaders allocate resources to cutting-edge labs, they face stubborn opposition from those who want the money to support manufacturing industries and social welfare. This conflict, however, is just a skirmish. On a far larger scale, at the national level, the replacement of President Jiang Zemin by Hu Jintao reflected a major shift of “wave policy.” The Jiang government was seen by many as following a “city-first” strategy. By contrast, as soon as Hu took office, he made a symbolic tour of the interior, promising increased financial assistance to the hard-pressed less affluent. No sooner was this tour over, however, than the wave battle was renewed. Opponents attacked this assistance to the interior as a giant waste of money and proposed, instead, to relocate additional millions of less affluent people from the west to the northeast’s rust belt. This opened the top of seventy million impoverished rural souls who, having already lost their land, were compelled to stream into the cities in search of sweatshop jobs. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20

This process is classic, closely resembling the forced migration of British peasants to the cities in the late 1700s and early 1800s, spurred by legislation known as the Enclosure Acts. The consequence was the continual enlargement of the pool of extremely low-waged factory labour—and the consequent speedup of England’s conversion from an agrarian to an industrial economy. In China’s own past, as in the former Soviet Union, fierce ideological battles were waged over so-called “industrial bias”—the policy that raised capital for industrial development by squeezing and starving even those peasants who stayed on land. Wave conflict led to gulags and the death of tens of millions. Between 1953 and 1983, peasants contributed more than $72 billion to the country’s industrialization program. Despite promised reforms, even today, Beijing enforces a two-class system, denying peasants the medical, pension and welfare benefits that many urban residents have, while often denying them the right to become urban residents. Add to that the fact that a huge portion of China’s urban boom has been financed by massive, yet indirect taxation on peasantry, including fees for education in rural areas. There remains in China today strong support for Second Wave industrialization. However, some believe this strategy increases the risk of a financial crisis. Further, it may tax already scarce natural resources, damage China’s fragile ecosystems and undermine efforts at technology innovation and upgrading of products. Under policies that prioritize heavy industries…enterprises are satisfied with merely increasing their production of low-value-added and low-profit products…This will cause severe harm over time. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20

These top-level wave policy struggles take place against a background of mushrooming unrest. China is racked with protests by both peasants and workers. Police and security forces are putting down militant marches and rallies from one end of the country to the other. The issues range from unemployment, nonpayment of wages, local corruption and forced relocation to high taxes, fees and other impositions, with new demonstrations breaking out seemingly every day. There were approximately 100,000 protests across China in 2020, involving 5.8 million participants, widespread violence and numerous deaths. Many protests occur in rural communities where peasants have been cheated by local officials or fight to hold on to their land. A single rally in Sichuan drew ninety thousand angry farmers facing eviction from their homes. Other protests are among industrial labourers—textile workers in Shaanxi, metal workers in Liaoyang, laid-off oil workers in Daqing and miners in Fushun. Some of these protests are extremely violent. For instance, in December of 2005, Chinese police opened fire on protesting farmers in Dongzhou in the deadliest confrontation since the massacre in Tiananmen Square in June 1989. The list goes on. Running a country or a business can be a challenge. While the business press had paid superficial attention to the rise of business spying, little has been said about the relationship of CI to the spread of information systems and the rise of the chief information officer. Yet the connection is not hard to find. It is easy enough to picture the espionage branch of a business requesting cooperation from the chief information officer in gathering information about the competitor. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20

The CIO is increasingly responsible not merely for information systems inside the firm, but for electronic links into data bases of other companies. This means one controls systems that penetrate, at least to some limited degree, the electronic perimeter of suppliers, customers, or others, and information from or about a competitor may be no more than one electronic synapse away. For more than a year, three West German computer spies were able to access data relating to nuclear weapons and the strategic defense initiative (SDI) by breaking into 430 computers. They rifled at will through more than 30 of them linked in a network set up by the Pentagon’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. They were spotted only after Clifford Stoll, an ex-hippie computer system manager at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, noticed a 75-cent discrepancy between two files. Many business networks are stilly highly vulnerable to penetration by determined thieves or spies, including disgruntled current or former employees suborned by a competing firm. Members of most [local area networks can add modems to their personal computers, creating new passageways in the system unbeknownst to system administrators. With customers able to access a manufacturer’s inventory records electronically, with suppliers made privy to their customers’ design secrets, the possibilities for the diversion of information to a competitor are real, despite access limits and passwords. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20

This access, moreover, can be direct or through intermediaries—including intermediaries who are unaware of what they are doing. In the CIA jargon, some informants are “writing” and others not. Business spies, too, can make use of third parties to gain access to information useful as ammunition in the info-wars. If, say, two retailers like Wal-Mart and K Mart are both electronically plugged into the computers of the same supplier, how long will it be before an overzealous CI unit, or one of a growing horde of CI consultants, proposes breaking through the ID numbers and passwords on the manufacturer’s mainframe, or tapping into the telecommunications lines and foraging through its data banks? If the United States of America’s government defense research network could be compromised by Russian intelligence, relying on a few spies armed with personal computers and working from their homes in West Germany, how secure are the commercial networks and corporate data bases on which our economy now depends? The example is purely hypothetical, with no implication that either Wal-Mart or K Mart has actually done this or would even consider it. However, there are now thousands of electronic data interchange systems, and new technologies open stunning opportunities for both licit and illicit data collection. With only a little imagination, one can picture a competitive intelligence firm planting equipment across the street from a major store and tapping into signals sent by optical scanners to its cash registers, thus supplying rich, real-time data to a competitor or manufacturer. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20

As discovered in the United States of America’s Embassy in Moscow have shown, it is already technologically possible for one firm to rig devices that will literally print out a duplicate of every letter typed by the CEO’s secretary in a rival firm. However, total information war might not end with passive information collection. The temptation to engage in “commercial covert action” is growing. The day may come when a hard-pressed competitor feeds false orders into a rival firm’s computers, causing it to overproduce the wrong models and undersupply those that are directly competitive. Revolution in video, optics, and acoustics open the way to spy on or interfere with human-to-human communication as well. Speech synthesis may make it possible to fake the voice of a manager and use it to give misleading telephone instructions to a subordinate. The imaginative possibilities are endless. All this, of course, has led to a race to develop counterintelligence technologies. Some networks now require users to have a card that generates passwords in synchronization with those demanded by a host computer. Other systems rely on fingerprints or other physical and behavioural traits to confirm the identity of a user before allowing access. One system shoots a beam of low-intensity infrared light into a person’s eye and scans the unique blood vessel patterns in the back of the retina to confirm identity. Another identifies a user by the rhythm of one’s key-strokes. #RandolphHarris 7 of 20

Because of its cost, sophisticated encryption or coding is largely limited today to the defense industries and financial institutions—banks, for example, making electronic funds-transfers. However, GM already codes information moving on its electronic interchange links, and the toy-maker Mattel encodes certain data when they are down-loaded to a customer’s computers or when they are physically transported from place to place. Seesaw battles between offense and defense are a reflection of the info-war. At every level of business, therefore—at the level of global standards for television and telecommunications…at the level of the retailer’s checkout counter…at the level of the automatic teller machine and the credit card…at the level of extra-intelligence and counterintelligence—we are surrounded by info-war and info-warriors fighting to control the most crucial resource of the Powershift Era. In this Powershift Era, there are two reasons why the case of management is instructive First, management, like the zero, statistics, IQ measurement, grading papers, or polling, functions as does any technology. It is not made up of mechanical parts, of course. It is made up of procedures and rules designed t standardize behaviour. We may call any such system or procedure and rules a technique; and there is nothing to fear from techniques, unless, like so much of our machinery, they become autonomous. There is the rub. In a Technopoly, we tend to believe that only through the autonomy of techniques (and machinery) can we achieve our goals. This idea is all the more dangerous because no one can reasonably object to the rational use of techniques to achieve human purposes. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20

Indeed, I am not disputing that the technique known as management may be the best way for modern business to conduct its affairs. We are technical creatures, and through our predilection for and our ability to create techniques we achieve high levels of clarity and efficiency. Language itself is a kind of technique—an invisible technology—and through it we achieve more than clarity and efficiency. We achieve humanity—or inhumanity. The question with language, as with any other technique or machine, is and always has been, Who is to be the master? Will we control it, or will it control us? The argument, in short, is not with technique. The argument is with the triumph of technique, with techniques that become sanctified and rule out the possibilities of other ones. Technique, like any other technology, tends to function independently of the system it serves. It becomes autonomous, in the manner of a robot that no longer obeys its master. Second, management is an important example of how an invisible technology works subversively but powerfully to create a new way of doing things, a classic instance of the tail wagging the dog. It is entirely possible for business and other institutions to operate without a highly technicalized management structure, however hard for us to imagine. We have grown so accustomed to it that we are near to believing management is an aspect of the natural order of things, just as students and teachers have come to believe that education would be impossible without the structure of a college course. And politicians believe they would be adrift without the assistance of public-opinion polling. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20

When a method of doing things becomes so deeply associated with an institution that we no longer know which came first—the method or the institution—then it is difficult to change the institution or even to imagine alternative methods for achieving its purposes. And so it is necessary to understand where our techniques come from and what they are good for; we must make them visible so that they may be restored to our sovereignty. Using fast, precise machines to handle matter in molecular pieces makes it easy for nanotechnology to be fast, clean, and very affordable. However, for it to be inexpensive, the manufacturing equipment has to be inexpensive. Molecular-manufacturing equipment can be used to make all the parts needed to build more molecular manufacurting equipment. It can even build the machines needed to put parts together. This resembles an idea developed by NASA for a self-expanding manufacturing complex on the Moon, but made faster and simpler using molecular machines and parts. One way to build a lot of molecular-manufacturing equipment in a reasonable time would be to make a machine that can be used to make a copy of itself, starting with special but simple chemicals. A machine able to do this is called a “replicator.” With a replicator and a pot full of the right fuel and raw materials, one could start with one machine, then have two, four, eight, and so on. This doubling process soon makes enough machines to be useful. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20

The replicators—each including a computer to control it and a general-purpose assembler to build things—could then be used to make something else, like tons of specialized machines needed to set up a manufacturing plant. At that point, the relicators could be discarded in favour of those more efficient machines. Some replicators look like huge tanks, as high as three story tall. Most of the interior is taken up by a tape memory system that tells how to move the arm to build all the parts of the replicator, except the tape itself. The tape gets made by a special tape-copying machine. At the right-hand end, replicators have pores for bringing in fuel and raw-material molecules, and machinery for processing them. In the middle are computer-controlled arms. These do most of the actual construction. The steps in the cycle—using a copy to block the tube, beginning a fresh copy, then releasing the old one—illustrate one way for a machine to build a copy of itself while floating in a liquid, yet doing all its construction work inside, in a vacuum. (It is easier to design for vacuum, and this exploratory-engineering work, so easier design is better design.) Calculations suggest that the whole construction cycle can be completed in less than a quarter hour, since the replicator contains about a billion atoms, and each arm can handle about a million atoms per second. At that rate, one device can double and double again to make trillions in about ten hours. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20

Each replicator just sits in a chemical bath, soaking up what it needs and making more replicators. Eventually, either the special chemicals run out, or other chemicals are added to signal them to do something else. At that point, they can be reprogrammed to produce anything else one pleases, so long as it can be extruded from the front. The products can be long, and can unfold or be pieced together to make larger objects, so the size of these initial replicators—smaller than a bacterium—would be only a temporary limitation. From the molecular manipulators and primitive assemblers we discussed, the most likely path to nanotechnology leads to assemblers with more and more general capabilities. Still, efficiency favours special-purpose machines, and that is why some companies do not make much use of general assemblers. Why bother making general-purpose assemblers in the first place? Well, why not build such a tool? There is nothing outstandingly difficult about a general assembler, as molecular machinery goes. It will just be a device with good, flexible positional control and a system to feed it a variety of molecular tools. This is a useful, basic capability. General purpose assemblers could always be replaced by a lot of specialized devices, but to build those specialized devices in the first place, it makes sense to come up with a more flexible, general-purpose system that can just be programmed. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20

So, general purpose machines are likely to find use in making short production runs of more specialized devices. Ralph Merkle, a computers and security expert at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, sees this as paralleling the way manufacturing works today: “General purpose devices could do many tasks, but they will do them inefficiently. For any given task, there will be one or a few best ways of doing it, and one or a few special-purpose devices that are finely tuned to do that one task. Nails are not made by a general-purpose machine shop, they are made by nail-making machines. Making nails with a general-purpose machine shop would be more expensive, more difficult, and more time-consuming. Likewise, in the future we will not see a proliferation of general-purpose self-replicating systems, we will see specialization of every task.” At its base, nanotechnology is about molecular manufacturing, and manufacturing is the basis of much of today’s industry. From an industrial perspective, it makes sense to think of nanotechnology in terms of products and production. Today, we handle matter crudely, but nanotechnology will bring thorough control of the structure of matter, the ability to build objects to atom-by-atom specifications. This means being able to make almost anything. By comparison, even today’s range of products will feel very limited. Nanotechnology will make possible a huge range of new products, a range we cannot envision today. Still, to get a feel for what is possible, we can look at some easily imagined applications. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20

Today, products often fail, but for failures to occur—for a wing to fall off an airplane, or a bearing to wear out—a lot of atoms have to be out of place. In the future, we can do better. There are two basic reasons for this: better materials and better quality control, both achieved by molecular manufacturing. By using materials tens of times stronger than steel, it would be easy to make things that are very strong, with a huge safety margin. By building things with atom-by-atom control, flaws can be made very rare and extremely small—nonexistent, by present standards. With nanotechnology, we can design in big safety margins and then manufacture the design with near-perfection. The result will be products that are tough and reliable. (There will still be room for bad designs, and for people who wish to take risks in machines that balance on the edge of disaster. Today, we make most things from big chunks of metal, wood, plastic, and the like, or from tangles of fibers. Objects made with molecular manufacturing can contain trillions of microscopic motors and computers, forming parts that work together to do something useful. A climber’s rope can be made of fibers that slide around and reweave to eliminate frayed spots. Tents can be made of parts that slide and lock to turn a package into a building. Walls and furniture can be made to repair themselves, instead of passively deteriorating. On a mundane level, this sort of flexibility will increase reliability and durability. Beyond this, it will make possible new products with abilities we never imagined we needed so badly. And beyond even this, it will open new possibilities for art. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20

Today, production requires a lot of labour, either for making things or for building and maintaining machines that make things. Labour is expensive, and expensive machines make automation expensive, too. However, molecular manufacturing can make production far less expensive than it is today. This is perhaps the most surprising conclusion about nanotechnology, so we will take a lot at it in the future. Today, our manufacturing processes handle matter sloppily, producing pollution. One step puts stuff where it should not be; the next washes it off the product and into the water supply. Our transportation system worsens the problem as unreliable trucks and tankers spill noxious chemicals over land and sea. Everything is expensive, so companies skimp on even the half-effective pollution controls that we know how to build. Nanotechnology will mean greater control of matter, making it easy to avoid pollution. This means that a little public pressure will go a long way toward a cleaner environment. Likewise, it will make it easy to increase efficiency and reduce resource requirements. Products, like the Red Cross tents at Desert Rose, can be made of snap-together, easily recyclable parts. Sophisticated products could even be made from biodegradable materials. Nanotechnology will make it easy to attack the causes of pollution at their technological root. Nanotechnology will have great applications in the field of industry, much as transistors had great applications in the field of vacuum-tube electronics, and democracy had great applications in the field of monarchy. It will not so much advance twenty-first century industry as replace it—not all at once, but during a thin slice of historical time. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20

You say you want a revolution–rock music’s vitality and appeal stems from the fact that it…proselytized for an alternate religiousness. This makes it a much more potent threat to the established order than even its most vociferous opponents believe it to be. Here is the very essence of the cultural revolution taking place in America: the rejection of America’s religious heritage and its replacement with something contrary. It is not the Devil behind rock and roll–it is another god. What is their left to shock parents with? Pleasures of the flesh are not shocking anymore. Only the Devil is left. Stoners are engaged in Satanic worship, cemetery seances, and blood sacrifice. Upon one investigation, ceremonial robes, an inverted crucifix, and other Satanic paraphernalia were seized from the mansion of a major celebrity. It was eerie, they were listening to Ozzy Osbourne’s “Suicide Solution.” But you find you are chasing mostly shadows. Satanic messages are, through rock music, being slipped past that part of the listener’s brain which rejects information, through the use of low-frequency sound waves. These waves can alter moods and behaviours. The perpetrators of this conspiracy, as well as many of the fans of the music, are adept in occult matters, and other secret codes employed in the music being used as methods of communication. Members of stoner cults are quiet adept at writing backward and using the Runic, Theban, Hebrew, Pafsing, Malchim, and Celestial alphabets. That is why much of their graffiti is not recognizable to the untrained eye. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20

In a song by Mick Jagger, “Sympathy for the Devil,” a socially sophisticated Satan returns to Moscow to observe the results of his work–the Russian Revolution. It is better to use the voting system and restore law and order. It has long been believed that Satanists are in control of the music industry. Britney Spears sang a song about meeting Satan called “I’ve just begun.” The encounter is indirectly applied. Backward-masked propaganda audible only when digital or physical copies of music are played backward expose some shocking statements. The songs of Led Zeppelin, ELO, the Cars, Styx, and Black Oak Arkansas were exposed for containing messages such as “I live for Satan” and “Satan is God.” Even the theme for the old Mr. Ed series was alleged to be Satanic. “A Horse is a Horse,” when played in reverse, becomes “Someone sung this song for Satan.” Satan is an outlet for many youth. Trying to channel his power allows them to release their anxiety and frustration. Satanic symbols, such as the inverted cross, the pentagram, the swastika, the Star of David, and other occult art is painted or placed underground, under bridges, in flood-control channels and under freeways to be closer to Hell and the Devil. The occult is the exact opposite of Christianity. However, even a dead frog can become evidence of a Satanic cult, and misappropriation of law enforcement resources. Satanic cults are seen as a threat, but we welcome open borders. A person could go stupid, as well as deaf listening to the mindless, boring inanity of the local news. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20

 If an American Fuehrer does appear, he or she will be wearing a business suit and will be calling popular attention to the patriotic virtues in 1776. Satanism, along with other occult belief systems, have historically made it appearance in times of social fragmentation, when the established system of norms and values is in a state of confusion. The situation becomes extreme when man finds no solution in the normal point of view; this condition forces one to hunt an escape in a distant and eccentric extreme which had formerly seemed to one less worthy of attention. In America, occultism had revival in the 1870s and 1880s. The Ku Klux Klan, with its ghostly white robes and secret vocabulary became of interest during this time. Man found his social frame of reference had increased a billionfold and he found it suddenly difficult to isolate himself within his culture. His privacy gone, he found little solace in the anonymous masses, his exposure to other cultures loosened his firm grasp on his own, and he was in a state of uncertainty. There was nothing unique or powerful about him anymore; he just was part of the herd, performing meaningless takes, bored by his plantation, the end product of hid labour often divorced and unrecognizable from that Labour, which is what has inspired Americans to work so hard for the American Dream. Hard work became the safety valve for those frustrations. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20

The old culture has been unable to keep many of the promises that have sustained it for so long, and as it struggles more and more violently to maintain itself, it is less and less able to hide its fundamental antipathy to human life and satisfactions. It spends hundreds of billions of dollars to find ways of killing more efficiently, but almost nothing to enhance the joys of living. The old culture is unable to stop killing people—deliberately in the case of those who oppose it, with bureaucratic indifference in the case of those who obey its dictates or consumer its products trustingly. Search for spirituality and equality have been profoundly shaken by an economic slump generated by industrial and technological competition from abroad. Everyone likes CASH, which stands for the Continental Association of Satan’s Hope. Lost your job? Your cat being repossessed? Need a friend? Call Satan. When prayers do not work and the economic situation worsens, people seek other means of controlling their lives. Discontent has fostered among the populace by discrediting authority, raising the cost of living, and crushing people under the burden of taxes. Wars are bound to be promoted to bring about economic chaos. Some say this is the blueprint to achieve Manifest Destiny. Drunkenness and prostitution is being encouraged by so-called Christians. In the midst of all the chaos, the Devil surely finds it more effective to sit behind a desk than to roam the World like a lion. People have aggression, but no means to vent them, and that is how the nightmare begins. We are now finding things becoming more precious and people expendable, that is the horror of an overpopulated planet. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20

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