The real art of communication is not only to say the right thing in the right place, but do not expect to hear only what you like. We have learned that nucleic acids, like proteins, form long-chain molecules. However, unlike proteins, nucleic acids do not have 6-atom arrangements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen as their basic structural segments. Instead, each “vertebra” of the backbone of the nucleic acid molecule consists of a configuration, called a sugar phosphate, containing 5 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, 5 or 6 oxygens, and 1 phosphorus, bound together by mutual electric forces in a standardized spatial arrangement. (There are actually two slightly different forms of nucleic acid. The one with 6 oxygen atoms in each vertebral segment is called ribonucleic acid (RNA); that with only 5 oxygen atoms is known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In modern organisms, as we shall see later, the two kinds of nucleic acid have developed specialties, being separately responsible for different features of the genetic process. However, in the primitive era under discussion, it is simplest to consider RNA and DNA to be equivalent in their functions.) The overall distribution of electric charge is such that one end of a sugar phosphate attaches relatively easily to a particular corner of another sugar phosphate, thereby leading to the formation of the observed long chains. In our study of protein molecules, we saw that chemical individuality was conferred on the otherwise identical segments of the chain by the attachment, to each segment, of 20 different side chains of the atomic configurations. The backbone segment with attached side chain was called an amino acid, and the remarkable variety of protein substances was found to be a consequence of the number of different molecules that could be built by hooking together long sequences of the 20 different kinds of amino acids. #RandolphHarris 1 of 19

Nucleic acids employ a similar arrangement of attached side chains to confer individuality on the segments of the long molecules. However, only 4 types of side chains appear in a molecule of RNA or DNA, instead of the 20 that appear in protein molecules. The nucleic acid side chains contain only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and involve, in each case, a characteristic configuration of 12 to 16 atoms. Although the combination of the sugar phosphate backbone segment with its side chain possesses acid properties, there is no such common chemical property term amino acid to designate the structural units of protein molecules. The corresponding term for the nucleic acid molecular structural units is nucleotide. To be sure, the names adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil that are given, guanylic acid, cytidilic acid, and uridylic acid as designations of the individual types of nucleotide, but we shall have little need for such terminology. (In DNA the side chain uracil is replaced by thymine, which differs from uracil only in having an aggregation of 1 carbon and 2 hydrogen atoms tacked on to one out-of-the-way corner.) We should, however, note that the term base is commonly used instead of “side chain” in technical discussions of the nucleic acids. One of the most important similarities between nucleic acids and proteins is their common likelihood of formation under the conditions that prevailed when the Earth was young. In past experiments, wherein the hypothesized primordial atmosphere was exposed to ultraviolet radiation, radioactive bombardment, heat, and electric discharge, the amino acids needed for protein formation were generated, to be sure. However, in addition, the sugars, phosphates, and bases that appear in nucleic acids were sometimes produced. And the local conditions on the infant Earth that occasionally caused amino acid segments to hook together to form simple precursors of modern proteins must sometimes also have produced primitive forms of nucleic acid molecules. #RandolphHarris 2 of 19

Let us therefore suppose that a primitive molecule of nucleic acid has formed in this way and that it consists of a string of nucleotides of the different types A, G, C, and U (the letters representing the distinctive side chains, or bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil). (Or A, G, C, and T, if the molecules happens to be of the DNA, rather than the RNA, variety.) Suppose, further that this molecule happens to be immersed in a fluid containing an abundance of the ingredients from which other nucleic acid molecules might be constructed—including nucleotides of the four significant types. Under these circumstances interesting chemical reactions may occur. To start with, the free nucleotides floating around in the mixture will tend to stick to the outer, unattached ends of the bases that project from the backbone of the nucleic acid molecule. This by itself is not surprising; probably many different kinds of molecular fragments have patterns of electric charge permitting some kind of partial fit with the patterns of charge at the free ends of the nucleic acid bases; under the ceaseless jostling of thermal agitation, temporary attachments of many varieties must be continually made and broken. However, it happens that certain of the attachments that can be made between the free and the bound nucleotides possess unusual characteristics. This is true of the attachment of a free U nucleotide (substitute T for U, in DNA) to a bound A nucleotide to a bound G nucleotide (or vice versa). The first important characteristic of an A-U or a C-G combination is the strength of the attachment; in either case the interposition of hydrogen atoms between oxygen and nitrogen atoms produces a relatively tight bond. The second important characteristic of these two combinations is that both result in approximately the same length of structure when measured at right angles to the backbone of the supporting nucleic acid molecule. The A and G bases are long; the C and U bases are short; the A-U and C-G combinations are of about the same length. #RandolphHarris 3 of 19

What difference does all this make? Just this: the relatively strong binding forces that cause A-U and C-G combinations to be more lasting than others also line up the free ends of the newly attached nucleotides (the ends farthest from the backbone of the original nucleic acid molecule) in just the right positions to permit the to be easily hooked together. The result is a new nucleic acid molecule, complete with backbone and side chains, attached in Siamese-twin fashion to the original molecule. The resulting double molecule is in effect a ladder; the two uprights consist of the sugar-phosphate backbones, and the uniform-length crossbars consist of the A-U, U-A, C-G, and G-C base pairings of the two molecules. Since the reader has been warned that this treatment is rife with speculation, it is therefore probably worthwhile to point out that what has been discussed up to this point rests on a firm experimental basis. In 1953 J.D. Watson and F.H. C. Crick, working at Cambridge University with X-Ray diffraction photographs of nucleic acids (DNA) made by the English physicist M.H.F. Willkins and his colleague Rosalind Franklin, succeeded in establishing the main features of the modern theory of nucleic acid structure. (For this work the three scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962). Watson and Crick were able to show that the kind of ladderlike structure just described actually does occur and that the rungs of the ladder always consist of the long-short combinations of bases. In fact, it was later discovered that these ladderlike molecules of nucleic acid can even be formed from single-stranded molecules in the test tube, in the complete absence of living cells, provided that a “broth” containing the necessary ingredients is supplied. #RandolphHarris 4 of 19

In the laboratory situation this broth must include more than the original single-stranded molecules and the four kinds of nucleotides to be incorporated in the new nucleic acid; it must also contain catalysts to speed up the reaction and energy-rich molecules by temporarily attaching themselves to the segmental components. As we have earlier observed, such additional ingredients usually facilitate the reactions in living organisms also. Time is the scarcest resource and unless it is managed, nothing else can be managed. There is no text in theology, philosophy, and psychology that deals more profoundly with the problem of the law than the seventh chapter of Paul’s Letter to the Romans. He praises the law as “holy in itself” and the commandment as “holy and just good.” He calls it “spiritual.” In his “inmost self” he “delights in the law of God,” he is “subject to God’s law as a rational being.” Without the law he would “never have become acquainted with sin.” This is one facet of Paul’s evaluation of the law: the law is the expression of what man essentially is and therefore ought to be, but what he actually is not, as the law shows to him. The other side of Paul’s evaluation of the law is based on his experience that the law commands us to do the good that we cannot do because we are estranged from it and under a longer I who am the agent, but sin that has its lodging in me.” However, the law does more than show us our essential nature and our estrangement from it. The law awakens the sleeping sin: “In the absence of law, sin is a dead thing”; “When the commandment came, sin sprang to life”; “Through the commandment, sin became more sinful than ever.” It is obvious that Paul does not consider the law as a power of moral motivation. He was, on the basis of his own experience, aware of the fact that the commanding law produces “all kinds of wrong desires,” but does not motivate the conquest of these desires and the reunion of his actual will with his essential will: “What I do is the wrong which is against my will.” #RandolphHarris 5 of 19

Paul’s experience is independent of the religious framework in which it appears. A humanist with insight into his spiritual predicament could fully agree with it. Actually, however, and not by chance, the problem of the law as motivating power appeared again in its profundity and explosive power in the Protestant Reformation. All Reformers fought the idea that man’s “good works,” his fulfillment of the law, could be a contributing factor in salvation, or the acceptance of humans by God. Not the fulfillment of commandments (which is impossible in the state of separation from God), but the acceptance of the message that we are accepted, is the motive of the moral action. Nevertheless, the Reformers maintained a threefold use of the law—first, in its legal function as the principle of the positive law, the law of the nations; second, in its power to awaken our conscience to the fact that our actual existence contradicts our essential being, that we are estranged from ourselves; and third, in its function as a mirror of what is good and bad in Christian life. Luther denied and Calvin affirmed the third function of the law. However, all the Reformers denied its power of moral motivation. Again it was a personal experience, namely, that of Luther, that led to the rediscovery of Paul’s experience and its theological implications. The depth to which Luther felt the ambiguity of the law emerges in expression of hate, not only against the law itself, but also against the image of God who lays down a law nobody can fulfill and who punishes those who trespass against it. The shaking anxiety produced by this thought, and the hidden hatred against God, break out in Luther repeatedly, even in his later period. In such a state of mind, man is not able to recognize the law as the expression of one’s own essential being; he feels it as a strange and tyrannical command. #RandolphHarris 6 of 19

However, as with Paul, this is not Luther’s sole evaluation of the law. The interpretation of the Ten Commandments in Luther’s Small Catechism demonstrates that he is able to see in the law the right relation to God—love and fear—provides the moral motivation. Beyond this, his interpretation indicates, as for every table of laws, a particular situation—in this case the paternalistic kind of rural society in which he lived. The ambiguity of the commanding law, as experienced by Luther, was the decisive problem for the entire period of the Reformation. The emphasis was different in different Reformers, but the basic answer was the same. The enormous tension produced by this ambiguity, however, slowly receded, and Protestantism became to a large extent a religion of the law, doctrinal as well as moral. All systems, determined by the law, whether religious or secular, are systems of compromise. This is true of groups as well as of individuals; and it is true of the great majority of human beings and human situations in all periods. This happens because the moral law becomes embodies in state law, conventional rules, and educational principles (with or without the support of a particular religion), and exercises motivating power through tradition, public opinion, personal habit, and the threats and promises connected with all of them. In this way the commanding law has the power to produce moral action in an institutionalized form. It is, generally speaking, what the Reformers called the “first use of law,” its power to produce “civil justice,” since obedience to the laws makes the existence of society possible. From the point of view of the unconditional moral imperative, and love as the ultimate principle of moral commands, these methods of motivating moral action are compromises, unavoidable in view of the human predicament, but far removed from the true nature of the moral.  #RandolphHarris 7 of 19

This is true not only because of the universal human estrangement, the struggles between man’s essential and existential nature, the ambiguity of good and evil in ever process, the mixture of moral and amoral motives in every moral act, but also because social institutions as well as personal habits have an almost irresistible tendency to perpetuate themselves in disregard of the demands of creative justice in a new situation or under unique conditions, both in the communal and in the individual life. The law provides moral motivation if morality becomes a thread within a texture of premoral forces and motives. In our times, the distinction between Case Poverty, due to illness, accidents, or personality defects, and Class Poverty, due to social and underprivileged, does not amount to much. Personal and social play into each other. For it could be asked: Why was the accident not insured? What social conditions formed such a careless personality? Or, conversely, Does the poor class not have, economically, a personality defect? (Just as in the Protestant Ethic the poor had a theological defect; but of course it is also persistently true that “only the poor are saved.”) Likewise, the old monastic concept of voluntary poverty is no longer much distinguishable from either case of poverty or class poverty, for it happens that a person cannot continue the Rat Race, it makes one sick; and one chooses out to survive. Another man would like to be rich and famous and he works hard; but cannot work otherwise than the work demands, but such work might not be marketable; so he could be said to “choose” poverty. In an organized system, all poor tend to be the same poor. (The same blurring of distinctions has occurred between “political” and “common” criminals. As society becomes more close-knit and total, a criminal act may well be a dumb political gesture, and political protest is certainly taken as criminal. So the anarchist philosopher refused to distinguish between these and said, “As long as one of these is in jail, I am not free.”) #RandolphHarris 8 of 19

It makes little difference, then, whether a young fellow chooses his lot or is cast among the poor; especially if, being there, he soon takes on habits which make it difficult for him, or unattractive to him, to belong to the system. Supposed, then, that with pretty good awareness our scarred young man is now confirmed poor. He must still face the problem of vocation and money. On these points the writers of the Fourth Wave Generation are confused. For one thing, they have a false notion that the kind of artistic activity that proliferates among the Fourth Wave Generation of artistic activity that proliferates among the youth is art, and gives the justification of art as a vocation. It is not art but something else, and they do not behave as if they were justified by it. The problem of money, again, seems simple, but is not. In voluntary poverty, the problem is to get enough to subsists. (Money is called “bread.”) But how? Many of the youth take jobs generally temporarily. The principle is that anything will do. A fellow might work in the organized system, exempli gratia, dressing a window at Banana Republic; but, it is argued, he would not thereby be in the Rat Race, because he just wants “bread” and will quit. Naturally Banana Republic did not know this when they hired him, so he is using them, not they him. This might come to pretending to conform rather elaborately, for the system is total; exempli gratia, a fellow will get the job if he shaves off his beard. Work is no different from shoplifting. One plays roles and is hip. (Money is now called “loot.”) What is not understood in this form of reasoning is that playing roles and being hip in this way is very nearly the same as being an Organization Man, for he does not mean it either. Obviously the Holy Barbarian is here on shaky ground. Getting his “loot,” he is exploiter of labour, but only a little bit. (The integral aim of useful man’s work is not always mentioned.) Let me make a close analogy—so close that it is probably an identity—between the job in voluntary poverty and the service in wartime that a pacifist can agree to perform. #RandolphHarris 9 of 19

Nearly any civilian job that a man does advances the war. If he picks beans, he replaces a farmer for the war factory. Pacifists have commonly accepted such a job as attendant in a hospital, which is understaffed anyway. This is not a petty problem, for when the evil, as they see it, is general and close-knit, it is necessary to preserve one’s personal integrity if only to influence the future when the emergency is past. Anyone who does not understand this and the hairsplitting involved, will not understand ingenuous youth. During the last great was many a young fellow went to a conscientious-objector’s camp in order to avoid war work, and then left the camp in disgust and went to jail because the camp work was boon-doggling. Among some of the Fourth Wave youth, such a principle of integrity is clearly operating in the choice of job. To recapitulate, many of the humble jobs of the poor are precisely not useless (or exploiting). Farm labour, hauling boxes, janitoring, serving and dish washing, messenger—these jobs resist the imputation of uselessness (or exploitation) made against the productive society as a whole. These are preferred Fourth Generation jobs. For one thing, in them no questions are asked and no beards have to be shaved. Nor is this an accidental connection. Personal freedom goes with unquestioned moral utility of the job, for at the level of simple physical effort or personal service, the fraudulent conformity of the organized system sometimes does not yet operate; the job speaks for itself. However, on the other hand, such jobs, being hard and useful, are the most miserably exploited. Exempli gratia, hospital workers who struck a union in Sacramento, California were getting $26,588.00 a year—the minimum wage not applying because they were eleemosynary institutions! Migratory farmers average $33,619.20 a year, and are not welcome in the neighbourhood. #RandolphHarris 10 of 19

This big money is in the system. So unorganized wages are low. Yet the price of subsistence at the market is standard high. Taking such a job, a man loses his freedom, he never stops working. He is used and made a fool of by the system, and this is in itself dishonourable. This is the dilemma of voluntary poverty in our society: either to compromise one’s integrity (but then why bother?), or to be abused and made a fool of. (As one way out, let me recommend Scheme III of Communitas, by my brother and myself. We suggest diving the economy into two parts: the subsistence economy and the high-standard economy. In the subsistence part, run absolutely for use, everybody will work less than one year in seven and be guaranteed his subsistence for life. The rest of the time he can work in the high-standard economy for high wages, or do nothing at all, as he pleases. This plan would seem exactly to meet the need of voluntary poverty: to work with perfect integrity at the absolutely necessary, and to have the maximum of freedom for noneconomical activity.) Looking at family, one should not feel the ache of future loss, but an unmixed celebration of what one now has. One should accept change not because one cannot anyway prevent it, but because it is life itself. Love and the end of love, like life and death, must be praised as one. The danger in striving for permanence is not that one will fail, but that one may in some stifled measure succeed, thereby preserving a fading relationship behind a mask of love that falls increasingly at a variance with the withering face behind it. Yearning for permanence is failure of nerve, cowardice in face of the risk and opportunities of living. Sometimes an individual can be as if brain-damaged. Life has distanced itself, is taking place behind a veil; sometimes, surrounded by books, one does not want music, and it will seem to one that one is reaching into oneself for a silence beyond the absence of sound, for a stolen preview perhaps of that stillness that lies on the other side. #RandolphHarris 11 of 19

Sometimes an individual can be stricken with loss, also with guilt. Whom has one loved, truly? To whom has one given oneself, fully, holding nothing back? Has one trusted anyone enough to stand fully exposed before one, fully vulnerable? Is it any different now? One feels that it is different, that one brings to a loved one something more authentic, more worthy, but how does one know? Needing one to cover over the emptiness might very well present itself as true love. Today many people are fervently celibate. Celibacy is the paramount means by which some establish their character. Celibacy is a way for many to obtain the ultimate self-control. People are deeply concerned about their health. You hear about people turning to water purifiers, bottled water, ice cold baths, cupping, vegan diets, but some take it a step further and truly regard their body as a temple of God. Celibacy is an ascetic, righteous, and extraordinarily health devotion to seeking a level of selflessness that will permit them knowledge of pure truth and will allow them to retain the essence of life. For these beings, one drop of “vital energy” is seen to contain sixty drops of blood. It is not just one more fluid but rather a distillate of blood, marrow, bone, and other bodily substances and so incorporates within itself the very nature of human existence. One authority believes that, “A person should guard one’s vital energy as a jeweller guards one’s most valuable diamonds.” This vital energy is the essence of power; the essence of strength; the essence of endurance; the essence of power; the essence of strength; the essence of endurance; the essence of beauty. It gives something special to the lips, a special light to the body, a shine to the eyes, and something special to the cheeks. Celibates are taught to force their minds away from lascivious thoughts and confine their fellowship to like-minded men. They practice austerities, the most obvious one being celibacy. They pray, for faith in God, and for every spiritual success. #RandolphHarris 12 of 19

These celibate people have busily structured lives. Never situ around and daydream, they admonish newcomers, for daydreaming can easily lead to circumstances the deplete vital energy. Anything that could waste this vital energy is strictly forbidden. To make sure one has a pleasant night, one washes one’s feet in warm water before bed, reflecting on the Supreme Being, and then going to urinate if an unwelcome urge comes in the night time. Diet, too, is crucial. One much recharge and enrich this vital energy. Milk is at the heart of one’s nutritional regimen, and the stereotype is a burly man who can guzzle bucketsful of milk. Men drink milk to intensify their vital energy—milk, especially cow’s milk is described as an ideal liquid—and, as they gulp, assumes they are adding to their body’s reserve of vital energy. Ghee, clarified butter, also produces vital energy, and strong vital energy at that, the stuff of physical, moral, and spiritual strength. Indeed, it is a more important source of vital energy than milk. It fuels one’s fire in one’s own body. Also one is supposed to devour vast quantities of almonds smashed into a thick paste and mixed with milk and honey. This is a goo pick-me up after school or work. Otherwise, they eat only lightly spiced food, avoid pickles and abstain entirely from tobacco and liquor. Some also recommend sports as a way to maintain celibacy, and many young men in their late teens and early twenties are driven to take up sports as a result. They are so convinced of this way of life and the power that it has that they are motivated by the widespread conviction that celibacy is so power it can transform the frailest and sickliest boy into a champion. Leaders devise a total life program for each of these celibate young men that includes exercises, food, and rest. These individuals are also counseled spiritually. They regard themselves as “extraordinary men who do extraordinary things to and with their bodies.” #RandolphHarris 13 of 19

These people have physical activity with rules similar to Olympic sports, as well as spiritual quest by men pledged to physical strength and competence, celibacy, duty, obedience, honesty, and humility. The role of religion is so pervasive that nightly prayer and prayer throughout the day is a habit of celibates. These individuals attend work or school. Ideally, one rises at 3 A.M. —in reality, most are u by 4.30 or 5 A.M. A glass of water and premium cranberry juice is followed by the forest or nature area ablutions. At home, careful defecations are a practice, which guarantees total control over vital energy. At 9 A.M is time for physical education, and one preforms a litany of routines before one finally leaves for the crowded bustle of one’s other life. All of these regimens are carefully designed to achieve the strictest celibacy and, with it, the augmentation and enrichment of vital energy, the living quick of human existence. Drinking large amounts of alcohol in a short time, or binge drinking, is a serious problem on college campuses. Studies show that as many as 40 percent of college students binge-drink at times, around half o them at least six times per month. These are higher rates than those displayed by people of the same age who are not in college. In any circles, alcohol use is an accepted part of college life. Are we as a society taking the issue too lightly? Consider some of the following statistics: Alcohol is a factor in nearly 40 percent of academic problems and 28 percent of all college dropouts. Although 84 percent of incoming freshmen consider heavy alcohol use to be a problem on campus, 68 percent drink during their first semester, at least half of them during their first week on campus. Alcohol affects not only those who drink but also those who do not, with approximately 600,000 students each year physically or emotionally traumatized or assaulted by physical force from a student drinker. #RandolphHarris 14 of 19

Binge drink has been linked to severe healthy problems and serious injury, auto crashes, unplanned and unprotected pleasures of the flesh, aggressive behaviours and various psychological problems. In fact, binge drinking by college students had been linked to an estimated 1,400 student deaths, 500,000 injuries, and 70,000 cases of physically forced assaulted or date physically forced assault every year. There was a 31 percent increase in the number of female binge drinkers in colleges from 2011-2019. Excessive alcohol use is associated with more than 27,000 deaths among women and girls each year. Excessive alcohol use poses unique health and safety risk to females. Nearly half of adult women report drinking alcohol in the past 30 days. Approximately 13 percent of adult women report binge drinking and on average do so 4 times a month, consuming 5 drinks per binge. About 18 percent of women of children bearing age (id est, 18-44 years) binge drink. In 2019, about 32 percent of female high school students consumed alcohol compared with 26 percent of male high school students. Binge drinking was also more common among female (15 percent) then male (13 percent) high school students. In 2019, 4 percent of women overall and 8 percent of woman ages 18 to 25 years had an alcohol use disorder. Although men are more likely to drink alcohol and consumer larger amounts, biological differences in body structure and chemistry lead most women to absorb more alcohol and take longer to metabolize it. After drinking the same amount of alcohol, women tend to have higher blood alcohol levels than men, and the immediate effect of alcohol usually occur more quickly and last longer in women than men. These differences make women susceptible to the long-term negative health effects of alcohol compared with men. There is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy. Alcohol use during pregnancy increases the risk of having a baby with fetal alcohol spectrum (FAS) which is associated with intellectual disabilities and birth defects. FAS is 100 percent preventable. #RandolphHarris 15 of 19

These findings have led some educators to describe binge drinking as “the number 1 public health hazard” for full-time college students, and many researchers and clinicians have turned their attention to it. The implications are clear: college drinking, certainly binge drinking, may be more common and more harmful than was previously believed. At the very least, it is a problem whose research time has come. The Bill of Rights, added to the United States of America’s Constitution in 1791, is clearly one of the stunning achievements of human history. Many wonder how the revolutionists, the men and women, the farmers, merchants, artisans, lawyers, printers, pamphleteers, shopkeepers, and soldiers who together created a new nation on the distant shores of America, were able, in the midst of bitter social and economic turmoil, under the most immediate pressures—to muster so much awareness of the emerging future. Listening to the distant sounds of tomorrow, they sensed that civilization was dying and a new one was being born. These founders were driven to it—compelled, carried along by the tidal force of events, fearing the collapse of an ineffectual government paralyzed by inappropriate principles and obsolete structures. Seldom has so majestic a piece of work been done by humans of such sharply divergent temperaments—brilliant, antagonistic, and egotistic humans—humans passionately committed to diverse regional and economic interests, yet so upset and outraged by the terrible “inefficiencies” of an existing government as to draw together and propose a radically new one based on startling principles. Even now these principles more Americans, as they have moved countless billions around the planet. It is difficult for several patriots to read certain passages of Jefferson or Paine, for example, without being brought to the edge of tears by their beauty and meaning. #RandolphHarris 16 of 19

Many are thankful for being Americans and having a government of laws, not humans, and particularly for that precious Bill of Rights, which has made it possible to express creativity, vote, have freedom, and write without fear of suppression. It is remarkable that no decision of the past can bind the future forever. The Constitution of the United States of America needs to be recognized, and the Bill of Rights expanded, taking into account the threats to freedom unimagined in the past, and creating a more fortified government capable of protecting national security, making intelligence and coherent democratic decisions necessary for our survival in a new World. There is no easy blueprint for tomorrow’s constitution for the perfect version already exists and just needs to be enforced. The founders already had the answers and one can see that if they take the time to read the document. It includes all the freedoms we need. However, the time has come for us to imagine completely novel forms of peace, to discuss the Constitution, dissent, debate, and design our actions from this democratic architecture that our nation was founded on. We must do this with the widest consolation and peaceful public participation, we need join together to reconstitute American. Some humans look at the American Constitution with sanctimonious reverence and deem it like the ark of the covenant, too sacred to be touched. They ascribe to them humans of the preceding age a wisdom more than human, and supposed what they did to be beyond amendment. Laws and institutions go must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. As new discoveries are made, new truths disclosed, and manners and opinions change with the change of circumstances, institutions must advance also, and keep peace with the times. Mr. Jefferson is admired and blessed for his wisdom and the help he provided to create the system what has served us so well for so long. There is some confused thinking in the minds of pious people about the question of forgiveness. #RandolphHarris 17 of 19

Criminal aggressors—whether they be single individuals or whole nations—need to be punished as much for their own moral benefit as for the physical protection of society. If through sentimental emotions they are left unpunished, then we render them a disservice. For they will fail to learn the age-old lesion that crime does not pay. Not that they will really escape from the inevitable come-back of karma, but when the perpetration of crime is swiftly followed by proportionate punishment, the moral lesson involved is brought home to the wakeful consciousness much more effectively than when the same lesson is brought home to the subconscious at a later period in another birth. Just as we do not hate a child even when one is performing such a punitive operation, we ought not to hate the erring criminals who have put their energies into wrong channels even when we are restraining or punishing them. It should be done in the spirit of education, impersonally, calmly, without hatred, but with firm inflexible determination to teach them the lesson of their own experiences—the truth that barbarity does not pay. Today there are more than 2.5 billion computers in the World, including servers, desktops, and laptops. Almost half o the private households Worldwide have access to a computer at home. Microchips are everywhere. In 2020, more than 932 billion chips were manufactured around the World, feeding $493,858,200,000.00 industry. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has a computer named Sierra. Sierra is one of the fastest supercomputers in the World. Sierra boasts a peak performance of 125 petaFLOPS—125 quadrillion floating-point operations per second. Sierra is six to 10 times more capable than LLNL’s 20- petaflop Sequoia, which was the World’s eight-fastest supercomputer. Sierra is even more important today as we face increased global complexities, so it is essential that America’s tools operate at the leading edge. #RandolphHarris 18 of 19

With a foot print of 7,000 square feet, Sierra is comprised of 240 computing racks, and 4,320 nodes, with each node consisting of two IBM POWER 9 CUPs, four NVIDIA V100 GPUs, and Mellanox EDR InfiniBand interconnect. To prepare for this architecture, LLNL has partnered with IBM and NVIDIA to rapidly develop codes and prepare for applications to effectively optimize the CUP/GPU nodes. Meanwhile, 5 billion people around the World use the internet in January 2022—equivalent to 62.5 percent of the World’s total population. What is more, there are now fewer than 3 billion people around the World who do not use the internet, making another important milestone on our journey towards universal accessibility. Does anyone really think all these chips, computers, companies and Internet connections are going to vanish? Or that the World’s 5.31 billion unique mobile phone users in the World today are going to throw their phones away? In fact, these, too, are daily morphing into more and more advanced and versatile digital devices. What we see, therefore, in parallel with transformation of roles and boundaries in society, is the even more rapid transformation in its knowledge infrastructure. Compared with the changes it makes possible, everything done so far will seem trifling. And not just in a few “developed” countries. For while the United States has spearheaded these developments, they re no longer an “American” phenomenon. As of January 2020, English was the most popular language online, representing 25.9 percent of Worldwide internet users. Chinese was ranked second with a 19.4 percent usage, but Chinese will soon be the most widely used language on the Internet. There has also been exponential growth of mobile devices in Africa. There are 650 million mobile users in Africa, surpassing the number in the United Stated of America or Europe. In some African countries more people have access to a mobile phone than to clean water, a bank account or electricity. There are also tele-centers, cyber cafés and other forms of public Internet access are growing rapidly in urban areas. The global information technology industry is values at $5.3 trillion U.S.D. It is served by 56 million companies around the globe. And change is so rapid that all of these numbers are already obsolete by the time you read them. #RandolphHarris 19 of 19

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