Had I gone the way of the World and not gotten to know God or accepted Him as a part of my life, I think that I would have been a very belligerent individual, full of hate and bitterness. I reject the idea that pleasures of the flesh are the mainspring of all human behaviour. Humans are supposed to instead focus on God, salvation, and interpersonal relationships; what goes on among people, how they influence each other and react to each other, on the makeup of the field that is created when human beings live together. Interestingly enough, psychoanalysts have concentrated their attention on schizophrenia, which they do not basically regard as an illness in the usual sense of the word. They see it instead as the result of personal experience, of interpersonal relationships that have had clearly drastic consequences but essentially add up to no more than another psychological problem like any other psychological problem. The relationship of schizophrenia as an individual illness to the social situation has its roots not only in the family but also within the society. The claim that analysis has no healing effects whatsoever is, in my opinion, untenable. It is not substantiated by my own forty years of experience as an analyst or by the experience of many of my colleagues. #RandolphHarris 1 of 23

We should also keep in mind here that in many cases analysts are not as competent as they should be (no profession is immune to that) and that the selection of patients is often not fortunate. Attempts are often made to analyze patient for whom the method is not suitable. The truth is that analysis has cured many people of their symptoms, and it has helped many others achieve clarity about themselves for the first time, has helped them be more honest with themselves, to be somewhat freer, to live closer to reality. That is in itself an extremely worthwhile achievement and one that is often grossly undervalued. There are, of course, certain trends of the times that partially account for the turn against analysis. Many people believe that medicine is the only thing that is of real help. If there is nothing we can swallow, then there is no help. Pills are the cure all. Another prevailing view is that we ought to be able to cure everything overnight. Many people are unwilling to come terms with the fact that life is not simple, requires rational thought, and worst of all they do not deal with their own resistance. Misguided individuals “feel” everything should be made simple; everything should be made easy. That is the trend of the times. People “feel” we should be able just to swallow everything as easily as we can a pill. And if learning something requires effort, then it is not worth learning. #RandolphHarris 2 of 23

There is a story that can illustrate what I mean here. A young and goes to an elegant new community called Cresleigh Ranch, tours and studies the model homes for a long time, and says to the sales representative, “I am sorry, but you do not have anything I like.” Then he gets up and leaves. Two weeks later he comes back, the sales representative asks—very politely, because this is a high-class community and an architectural marvel—why he could not find anything he liked last time. The young man replies, “Oh, I could have found something all right, but my analyst told me I should practice being assertive.” With that method we can learn to be more sure of ourselves, can learn how to appear more confident, how to lose our fear of sale associates, and so on. However, what we do not learn is why we are so insecure. We remain ignorant of the fact—and here we touch on the theme of transference again—that we tend to regard everyone else as an authority, as a father figure. Even if the method does yield some quick results in the housing development and we feel a little more self-confident, we still have not gotten to the root causes of our insecurity at all, and behind our new façade we remain the same insecure people we always were. #RandolphHarris 3 of 23

Indeed, our situation is even worse than it was, for we are no longer aware that we are insecure. And why are we insecure? Not because we are afraid of authority but because we are not fully developed human beings, because we lack the strength of our convictions, because we have remained small children who hope others will help us, because we have not grown up, because we are full of self-doubt, and so on. The methods of behaviouristic therapy cannot help in cases like that. All they do is sweep the dirt under the rug—ignore, deny or conceal from themselves and public view or knowledge something that is embarrassing, unappealing, or damaging to one’s reputation. For example, the senator has been accused of trying to sweep his former drug use under the rug. You need to stop sweeping your problems under the rug. However, not all criticism of psychoanalysis is unjustified. I would like to mention a few objections to it that I consider quite sound. Psychoanalysis can often degenerate into mere chatter. Dr. Freud’s idea of free association is in part responsible for this. In encouraging the patient to say anything that occurred to one, Dr. Freud assumed that the patient would say those things that came from one’s depths, things that were genuine and of real importance. #RandolphHarris 4 of 23

 However, in many analyses patients simply babble away and run down their husbands for the hundredth time or complain about everything their awful parents did to them. Nothing comes of that. They go over the same ground again and again. However—someone is listening. The patient feels tat the fact of someone listening helps somehow had that one’s situation will eventually improve. However, tat kind of talk along never changed anyone or anything. It is not what Dr. Freud had in mind. His method involved discovery and struggle against resistance. Dr. Freud never assumed that we could achieve anything, much less solve difficult psychic problems, without expending effort. Without effort we cannot attain any of our goals in life, no matter what the advertisements may claim to the contrary. Anyone who fears effort, anyone who backs off from frustration and possibly even pain will never get anywhere, especially not in analysis. Analysis is hard work, and analysts who gloss that over harm their own cause. Another failing in many analyses is emphasizing intellectualization over emotion. The patient theorizes endlessly about the significance of the time his grandmother hit him for saying he was too full for a slice of her old fashioned, gooey, buttery, supremely sweet chess pie or some other incident. #RandolphHarris 5 of 23

And if one has an especially strong academic streak, one may develop highly complicated theories; one may construct theory upon theory; but one will feel nothing. One does not feel one’s inability to love, one’s isolation from others. One’s resistance makes all that inaccessible to one. And so analysis may fall in step with the times in giving precedence to cerebral humans, the purely rational human being. We expect intelligence to take care of everything; emotion is only useless ballast that we ignore as much as possible. And finally I would like to say that there are too many people who think they have to run to a psychoanalyst the minute they encounter the least little difficulty in their lives. They do not even try to cope with their problems themselves. Only if they find that their own best effort has still left them unable to understand and improve their situations themselves, then people should go to a psychoanalyst. Analysis remains the best therapy for a number of disorders having to do with excessive preoccupation with self or, in other words, with narcissism, which in turn results in an inability to relate to others. No other method is as effective and fruitful for treating flight into illusion, stalled psychic growth, symptoms like compulsive washing, and any number of other symptoms of an obsessive or compulsive nature. #RandolphHarris 6 of 23

Psychoanalysis also serves another function that is at least as important as its curative one. It can assist in promoting psychic growth and self-realization. I am sorry to say that only a small minority seem to be interested in psychic growth these days. Most people have an entirely different goal, which is to own more and consume more. When they reach twenty, they assume that their growth is complete, and from then on they direct all their energies to making the best possible use of this completed machine. As they see it, if they were to change it would work to their disadvantage; for if a person changes then one no longer fits the pattern that one and others expect one to fit. If one changes, how can one know whether one will still hold the same opinions ten years from now that one holds now? And how would a change like that affect one’s ability to get ahead? Most people do not want to grow and change, do not want to realize themselves. They want to hang onto the options they have, exploit them, “capitalize” on them. There are, of course, exceptions to that rule. There are counter-movements, particularly in the United States of America. Even if we own and enjoy all manner of things, we can still be unhappy, life can still be meaningless, we can remain depressed and anxious, and many people have come to realize that. #RandolphHarris 7 of 23

The trouble with our age is all signpost and no destination. “What meaning can life have,” we ask ourselves, “if our only purpose in it is to buy a somewhat more expensive car the next time around?” People have seen how their parents or grandparents sacrificed their entire lives to the acquisition of the things they thought they wanted. With varying degree of clarity, this minority has rediscovered a piece of ancient wisdom: Humans do not live by bread alone; possessions and power do not guarantee happiness but tend instead to create anxiety and tension. These people want to pursue a different goal. They want to be more rather than have more. They want to be more rational, to rid themselves of illusions, and to change social conditions that can be maintained only with the assistances of illusion. That longing often takes rather Old World forms, such Eastern Religion, for yoga, for Zen Buddhism, and so on. However, many enthusiasts who approach them tend to be naïve. They are taken in by the advertising fakirs who pass themselves off as holy people and by all manner of groups that claim they know how to cultivate human sensitivity. Here, I feel, psychoanalysis has an important mission. It can help us understand ourselves, perceive our own reality, free ourselves from illusion, understand ourselves, too, from the grip of anxiety and green. It can make us capable of perceiving the World differently. #RandolphHarris 8 of 23

Once we can forget the self as the prime focus of our interest and once we experience ourselves as acting, feeling, nonalienated human beings, then the World becomes the prime focus of our interest, our concern, our creative energies. We can practice those attitudes. And psychoanalysis can help us in this practice, because it is a method that helps us experience ourselves as we really are, helps us experience who we are, where we stand, where we are going. It is therefore advisable to work with a psychoanalyst who understand those connections and does not think the purpose of analysis is to help people adjust ad conform. However, that kind of analysis should not go on too long; overly extensive analysis often creates dependencies. Once a patient has learned enough to make use of the tools oneself, one should begin analyzing oneself. And that is a lifelong task that we carry on until the day we die. We can best practice self-analysis the first thing each morning, combining it with the kind of breathing and concentration exercises used in Buddhist meditation. The important thing is to step back from the bustle of life, to come to ourselves, to stop reacting constantly to stimuli, to make ourselves “empty” so that we can become active within ourselves. Anyone who attempts this will, I think, experience a deepening of one’s capacity to feel; one will experience “healing,” a recovery of health, not in the medical sense but in a profound, human sense. #RandolphHarris 9 of 23

However, this process requires patience, and patience is certainly not a commodity we have in great abundance. To any and all who want to make the attempt, though, I wish the best of luck. In ordinary life, a course of action is ordered by authority, and unless it outrages us, we tend to obey the order, follow the rule. Although people may mutter, it appears that, in general, everyone accepts the regulation. All the complex reactions are hidden. However, in a workshop community, where persons feel a sense of their own worth and a freedom to express themselves, the complexities become evident. Sometimes life can be cumbersome, complicated, irritating, frustrating and arriving at a decision may be difficult. After all, does the wish of everyone have to be considered. And the silent answer of the group is that, yes every person is worthy, every person’s views and feelings have a right to be considered. When one observes this process at work, its awesome nature becomes increasingly apparent. The desires of every participant are taken into account, so that no one feels left out. Slowly, beautifully painstakingly, a decision is crafted to take care of each person. A solution is reached by a process that considers each individual’s contribution—respecting it, weighing it, and incorporating it into the final plan. The sagacity of the group is extraordinary. #RandolphHarris 10 of 23

The process seems slow, and participants complain about “the time we are wasting.” However, the larger wisdom of the group recognizes the value of the process, since it is continually knitting together a community in which every soft voice, every subtle feeling has its respected place. Another important characteristic of the community-forming process, as I have observed it, is its transcendence, or spirituality. These are words that, in earlier years, I would never have used. However, the overarching wisdom of the group, the presence of an almost telepathic communication, the sense of the existence of “something greater,” seems to all for such terms. As in other instances, a participant expressed, eloquently, these thoughts. She writes, some time after the completion of a workshop: “I found it to be a profound spiritual experience. I felt that oneness of spirit in the community. We breathed together, felt together, even spoke for one another. I felt the power of the “life force” that infuses each of us—whatever that is. I felt its presence without the usual barricades of “me-ness” or “you-ness”—it was like a meditative experience when I feel myself as a center of consciousness, very much a part of the broader, universal consciousness. And yet with that extraordinary sense of oneness, the separateness of each person present has never been more clearly preserved. #RandolphHarris 11 of 23

When a person is drowning, it may be better for one to try to swim than to thrash around waiting for divine intervention. The vocabulary to describe motivations must be hierarchical, especially since metamotivations (growth-motivations) must be characterized differently from basic needs (deficiency-needs). This difference between intrinsic values and our attitudes toward these values also generates a hierarchical vocabulary for motives (using this word most generally and inclusively). In another place I have called attention to the levels of gratification, pleasures, or happiness corresponding to the hierarchy of needs to metaneeds. In addition to this, we must keep in mind that the concept of “gratification” itself is transcended at the level of metamotives or growth-motives, where satisfaction can be endless. So also for the concept of happiness which can also be altogether transcended at the highest levels. It may then easily become a kind of cosmic sadness or soberness or non-emotional contemplation. At the lowest basic need levels we can certainly talk of being driven and of desperately craving, striving, or needing, when, exempli gratia, cut off from oxygen or experiencing great pain. As we go on up the hierarchy of basic needs, words like desiring, wishing, or preferring, choosing, wanting become more appropriate. #RandolphHarris 12 of 23

 However, at the highest levels, id est, of metamotivation, all these words become subjectively inadequate, and such words as yearning for, devoted to, aspiring to, loving, adorning, admiring, worshipping, being drawn to or fascinated by, describe the metamotivated feelings more accurately. The B-values call to behavioural expression or “celebration” as well as inducing subjective states. Celebration is an act of expressing respect or reverence for that which one needs or honours. Its essence is to call attention to the sublime or solemn aspects of living. To celebrate is to share in a greater joy, to participate in an eternal drama. It is well to notice that the highest values are not only receptively enjoyed and contemplated, but that they often also lead to expressive and behavioral responses, which of course would be easier to investigate than subjective states. God’s grace is sufficient for our weakness. Christ’s worth does cover our unworthiness, and the Holy Spirit does make us effective in spite of our inadequacy. This is the glorious paradox of living by grace. When we discover we are weak in ourselves, we find we are strong in Christ. When we regard ourselves as less than the least of all God’s people, we are given some immense privilege of serving in the Kingdom. When we almost despair over our inadequacy, we find the Holy Spirit giving us unusual ability. #RandolphHarris 13 of 23

We shake our heads in amazement and say with Isaiah, “Lord, all that we have accomplished you have done for us,” reports Isaiah 26.12. The contrast between human weakness and divine power is vividly illustrated in Isaiah 41.14-15. This particular passage is set in the context of a lengthy message of encouragement to the downtrodden nation of Israel. Verses 14-15 read: “Do not be afraid, O worm Jacob, O little Israel, for I myself will help you,” declares the LORD, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel. “See, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff.” God addresses the nation as “O worm Jacob, O little Israel.” The designation worm is not used by God in a disparaging sense, but rather calls attention to the weakness and helplessness of the nation, as does the term “O little Israel.” The metaphor of a worm is well chosen to express their weakness, because few things are more helpless and exposed to being trodden under foot than a worm. However, the humbling designation as a worm and as little serves only to magnify the greatness of the encouragement of God gives the nation: “Do not be afraid,” “I myself will help you,” and “I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth.” #RandolphHarris 14 of 23

The promise of the overall passage is that Israel, weak and down trodden though she may be, will in due time prevail over her enemies because the Lord Himself will help her. He will not only help her, He will make Israel herself into a threshing sledge that devours her enemies. The ancient threshing machine was a sledge of thick planks armed with iron or sharpened stones as teeth to thresh the grain. God promises that, just as the threshing sledge breaks up the heads of grain, so “worm” Jacob will devour her enemies. The imagery of the passage is a study in contrast between the weakness of Israel and the mighty acts she will perform with God’s help. The image presented [of the threshing sledge] is the strange but strong one of a down-trodden worm reducing hills to powder, the essential idea being that of a weak and helpless object overcoming the most disproportionate obstacles, by strength derived from another. That is a picture of God at work: a weak and helpless object overcoming disproportionate obstacles by strength derived from another. God makes us weak, or rather He allows us to become painfully conscious of our weakness, in order to make us strong with His strength. Some years ago when God opened up for me a wider Bible teaching and writing ministry, I felt drawn to Isaiah 41.14-15. #RandolphHarris 15 of 23

Even though the promise was given to the nation of Israel, I sensed God was allowing me to make a personal application, that He would indeed make me into a threshing sledge, a harvesting instrument in His hand. However, I also sense that God required, as a condition of the promise, that I accept the description of “worm Jacob, little Israel,” not in a denigrating sense, but as a realization of my own personal weakness and helplessness. I go back to that condition and promise almost every time I teach the word of God or sit down to write. I do not do this in the sense of rubbing a good luck charm, but rather to acknowledge my own inability to accomplish anything for God and to lay hold of His promise to give me the power to minister for Him. God seems to keep saying to me, “As long as you are willing to acknowledge you are weak and helpless as a worm, I will make you strong and powerful like a threshing sledge, with new, sharp teeth.” The gracious paradox of divine strength working through human weakness as taught in Scripture has been recognized through the centuries by the great teachers of the church. The respected Puritan theologian John Owen, for example said, “Yet the duties God requires of us are not in proportion to the strength we possess in ourselves. #RandolphHarris 16 of 23

“Rather, the duties are proportional to the resources available to us in Christ. We do not have the ability in ourselves to accomplish the least of God’s tasks. This is the law of grace. When we recognize it is impossible for us to perform a duty in our own strength, we will discover the secret of its accomplishment. However, alas, this is a secret we often fail to discover.” In the earlier stages of their relation, the disciple needs to attach oneself more and more closely to the Master. One is still learning what the quest is, still weak-willed, uncertain, and undeveloped. However, in the later stages one should release one’s hold on the master, discipline one’s feelings, and let go of what has become so dear to one. For now one should increasingly depend on making for oneself the direct contact with one’s higher Self. One should constantly look forward to the time when one will be independent enough to steer one’s own course. It is not meant that one should be left with nothing but one’s ignorance and weakness to guide one, nor that one should face all one’s perplexities by oneself, but that one should face many or most of them as one can and that one should carry to the teacher many occasionally intervene to help on one’s own initiative but only if and when one deems it desirable and necessary to do so. #RandolphHarris 17 of 23

In this way the object will be fulfilled of leading the disciple to increasingly correct thinking and more careful behaviour. It is naturally strongly repugnant to a developed mind to allow another to have such great power over one’s own, whereas it is strongly attractive to an undeveloped one. Dear Lord in Heaven, may our prayers be the road on which You come from your celestial home. May our words be food for your shining Ultimate Driving Machine as it carries You to us. Please enter this space, guided by what we speak: Please come to those who are faithful to You, please come to those who do not neglect their duties to you, please come to those who are not stingy with offerings. God please come to us. “Now my son, here is somewhat more I would say unto thee; for I perceive that thy mind is worried concerning the resurrection of the dead. Behold, I say unto you, that there is no resurrection—or, I would say, in other words, that this mortal does not put on immortality, this corruption does not put on incorruption—until after the coming of Christ. Behold, he bringeth to pass the resurrection of the dead. However, behold, my son, the resurrection is not yet. Now, I unfold unto you a mystery; nevertheless, there are many mysteries which are kept, that no one knoweth them save God himself. #RandolphHarris 18 of 23

“However, I show unto you one thing which I have inquired diligently of God that I might know—that is concerning the resurrection. Behold, there is a time appointed that all shall come forth from the dead. Now when this time cometh no one knows; but God knoweth the time which is appointed. Now, whether there shall be one time, or a second time, or a third time, that humans shall come forth from the dead, it mattereth not; for God knoweth all these things; and it sufficeth me to know that this is the case—that there is a time appointed that all shall rise from the dead. Now there must needs be a space betwixt the time of death and the time of the resurrection. And now I would inquire what becometh of the souls of humans from this time of death to the time appointed for the resurrection? Now whether there is more than one time appointed for human to rise it mattereth not; for all do not die at once, and this mattereth not; all is as one day with God, and time only is measures unto humans. Therefore, there is a time appointed unto humans that they shall rise from the dead; and there is a space between the time death and the resurrection. And now, concerning this space of time, what becometh of the souls of humans is the thing which I have inquired diligently of the Lord to know; and this is the thing of which I do know. #RandolphHarris 19 of 23

“And when the time cometh when all shall rise, then shall they know what God knoweth all the times which are appointed unto humans. Now, concerning the state of the soul between death and the resurrection—Behold, it has been made known unto me by an angel, that the spirits of all humans, as soon as they are departed from this mortal boy, yea, the spirits of all humans, whether they be good or evil, are taken home to that God who gave them life. And then shall it come to pass, that the spirits of those who are righteous are received into a state of happiness, which is called paradise, a state of rest, a state of peace, where they shall rest from all their redoubles and from all care, and sorrow. And then shall it come to pass, that the spirits of the wicked, yes, who are evil—for behold, they have no part nor portion of the Spirit of the Lord; for behold, they chose evil works rather than good; therefore the spirit of the devil did enter into them, and take possession of their house—and these shall be cast out into outer darkness; there shall be weeping, and wailing, and gnashing of teeth, and this because of their own iniquity, being led captive by the will of the devil. #RandolphHarris 20 of 23

“Now this is the state of the souls of the wicked, yea, in darkness, and a state of awful, fearful looking for the fiery indignation of the wrath of God upon them; thus they remain in this state, as well as the righteous in paradise, until the time of their resurrection. Now, there are some that have understood that this state of happiness and this state of misery of the soul, before the resurrection, was a first resurrection. Yes, I admit it may be termed a resurrection, the raising of the spirit or the soul and their consignation to happiness or misery, according to the words which have been spoken. And behold, again it hath been spoken, that there is a first resurrection, a resurrection of all those who have been, or who are, or who shall be, down to the resurrection of Christ from the dead. Now, we do not suppose that this first resurrection of the souls and their consignation to happiness or misery. Ye cannot suppose that this is what it meaneth. Behold, I say unto you, Nay; but it meaneth the reuniting of the soul with the body, of those from the days of Adam down to the resurrection of Christ. Now, whether the souls and the bodies of those whom has been spoken shall all be reunited at once, the wicked as well as the righteous, I do not say; let it suffice, that I say that they all come forth; or in order words, their resurrection cometh to pass before the resurrection of those who die after the resurrection of Christ. #RandolphHarris 21 of 23

“Now, my son, I do not say that their resurrection cometh at the resurrection of Christ; but behold, I give it as my opinion, that the souls and the bodies are reunited, of the righteous, at the resurrection of Christ, and his ascension into Heaven. However, whether it be at his resurrection or after, I do not say; but this much I say, that there is a space between death and the resurrection of the body, and a state of the soul in happiness or in misery until the time which is appointed of God that the dead shall come forth, and be reunited, both soul and body, and be brought to stand before God, and be judged according to their works. Yea, this bringeth about the restoration of those things of which has been spoken by the mouths of the prophets. The soul shall be restored to the body, and the body to the soul; yea, and every limb and joint shall be restored to its body; yea, even a hair of the head shall not be lost; but all things shall be restored to their proper and perfect frame. And now, my son, this is the restoration of which has been spoken by the mouths of the prophets—and the shall the righteous shine forth in the kingdom of God. However, behold, an awful death cometh upon the wicked; for they die as to things pertaining to things of righteousness; for they are unclean, and no unclean thing can inherit the kingdom of God. #RandolphHarris 22 of 23

“However, they are cast out, and consigned to partake of the fruits of their labours or their works, which have been evil; and they drink the dregs of a bitter cup,” reports Alma 40.1-26. Egyptian monks proposed to themselves—namely, to preserve that vigilant and fortified attention of mind, which in prayer is very necessary, from being wasted or dulled through continuance, if their prayers were few or long; for which purpose both to solicit God more earnestly or frequent address, and to avoid temptations of Satan drawing them into lassitude and weariness—they resolved that their prayers should be many and brief, like darts cast forth with energy.  I stand here on the summit of your high mountain, and think of you. Surrounded by the sky, lifted up into the sky itself, the awesome clarity of your focused vision comes closer to me and I am more aware, myself, of your law’s urgings. Dear Lord in Heaven, Lord of all that is right, of all that is just, of all that should be; God and king of the World, of all who live and all that is, God, please advise me; please make the right path open beneath my feet, please make my eyesight clear, that I may always see as far as I do from the top of this mountain of yours. Your outstretched enfolding arms offer cattle, pour out rich milk, that we might, like children, grow in prosperity. Leading cows you come to your worshippers, who, pouring golden butter, come to you. #RandolphHarris 23 of 23

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