Even if you are on the right track, you will get run over if you just sit there. Knowledge has never been known to enter the head through an open mouth. Sometimes it is better to remain quiet and look like a fool, than to pen one’s mouth and remove all doubt. “What therefore God hath joined together, let not humans put asunder,” reports St. Matthew 19.6. The meeting with a master is a rare opportunity which should not be missed but should be eagerly followed up. It may not recur again during one’s own lifetime or during the master’s lifetime. However, it can be followed up only if the aspirant feels intuitively that there is a “ray of affinity” between them, through which the inner contact can be established. Sometimes disciples attach themselves to a master with whom they have no basic affinity. They have been drawn to one by a partial self-deception about one’s nature or by a partial misconception concerning one’s teaching. After a period has elapsed when the harmony with one or one’s teaching has come to an end, and the usefulness of bot is not sufficient to justify the connection, they usually leave and seek elsewhere for inspiration or help. However, in those cases where, for some improper reason, they fail to do so, one may deliberately provoke an incident or arrange a circumstance which will prompt them to go away. #RandolphHarris 1 of 20

It often happens that seekers do not get the true master simply because they would not be attracted to one even when they met one. They naturally are drawn to one whose temperament, character, mentality, and actions are like their own. The unbalanced and the neurotic would be repelled by a sane and equable teacher, the hysterical by a disciplined one, the futile dreamers by an efficient and active one. There is really no choice in the matter—only the illusion of a choice. That which draws one to a particular master is predestination. One may try again and again with someone else. One may not wish to come to this being, but in the end one must come. One’s head may argue itself out of the attraction but one’s heart will push one back into it. It is said that a being will recognize in a moment the master with whom one has true affinity, when meeting one’s person or words. That is true, but the recognition may be so vague or partial or faint that a few years may pass before one will become aware of it, and hence before one takes nay action about it. It would be foolish for anyone to continue to follow a teaching for which one has no liking, or a teacher with whom one has no affinity. However, it would also be foolish to judge either by merely personal and emotional reactions alone. “Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall,” reports Proverbs 16.18. #RandolphHarris 2 of 20

What is present in the surface consciousness as a mild interest may be present in the subconscious as a strong love. But, however long it may take, the disproportion will eventually be righted. When this happens, and as pertains to this particular matter, the being comes to know oneself as one really is. This is why the meeting with an antiquated Master or a new truth may not lead to immediate recognition, may indeed take some years to ripen. A guru who is supposed to be an enlightened being but who awakens no feeling of kinship, awe, peace, reverence, or goodness in the person who approaches one may not be enlightened at all—or may not be the proper affinity for the seeker, who may take this as a signal to look elsewhere. However, it would also be a signal to be patient, wait a little, look deeper, and really get to know what is in this being. Something within seems to recognize the true teacher when one appears. When one understands that the visible present has its root in the invisible past and that discipleship is a relation which reappears in birth after birth, this is not miraculous. However, the philosophic path does not depend only on faith or intuition but also on rational appeal and proved fact. Therefore, some time must elapse before one knows thoroughly that one has found the right path and the right teacher. #RandolphHarris 3 of 20

There are some fascinating conditions which produce specified effects in animals. We are not comparing human beings to animals, but these findings may be of interest. Perhaps I have already given ample evidence of the significant and often frightening power of this young field of science. Yet before we turn to the implications of all this, I should like to push the matter one step further by mentioning a few small bits of the very large amount of knowledge which has accumulated in regard to the behaviour of animals. We know how to establish the conditions which will cause young ducklings to develop a lasting devotion to, for example, an old shoe. Hess has carried out studied of the phenomenon of “imprinting,” first investigated in Europe. He has shown that in mallard ducklings, for example, there are a few crucial hours—from the 13^th to the 17^th hour after hatching—when the duckling becomes attached to any object to which it may be exposed. The more effort it exerts in following this object, the more intense will be the attachment. Normally of course this results in an attachment to the mother duck, but the duckling can just as easily form an indelible devotion to any goal object—to a decoy duck, to a human being, or, as I have mentioned, to an old shoe. Is there any similar tendency in the human infant? One cannot help but speculate. #RandolphHarris 4 of 20

Behavioural sciences are making rapid strides in understanding, prediction, and control of behaviour. In important ways we know how to select individuals who will exhibit certain behaviours; to establish conditions in groups which will lead to various predictable group behaviours; to establish conditions which, in an individual, will lead to specified behavioural results; and in animals our ability to understand, predict and control goes even further, possibly foreshadowing future steps in relation to humans. If your reaction is the same as mine, then you will have found that this picture I have given has its deeply frightening aspects. With all the immaturity of this young science, and its vast ignorance, even its present state of knowledge contains awesome possibilities. Suppose some individual or group had both the knowledge available, and the power to use that knowledge for some purpose. Individuals could be selected who would be leaders and others who would be followers. Persons could be developed, enhanced and facilitated, or they could be weakened and disintegrated. Troublemakers could be discovered and dealt with before they became such. Morale could be improved or lowered. Behaviour could be influenced by appeals to motives of which the individual was unconscious. It could be a nightmare of manipulations. #RandolphHarris 5 of 20

Admittedly this is wild fantasy, but it is not an impossible fantasy. Perhaps it makes clear the reason why Robert Oppenheimer, one of the most gifted of our natural scientists, looks out from his own domain of physics, and out of the experiences in that field voices a warning. He says that there are some similarities between physics and psychology, and one of these similarities “is the extent to which our progress will create profound problems of decision in the public domain. The physicists have been quite noisy about their contributions in the last decade. The time may well come—as psychology acquires a sound objective corpus of knowledge about human behaviour and feeling—when the powers of control thus made available will pose far graver problems than any the physicists have posed.” Imagine if law enforcement of the media was able to unethically and illegally access your medical record and distort and spread rumors and manipulate you based on their information they have obtained and run experiments on you. Some of you may feel that I have somehow made the problem more serious that it is. You may point out that it is unlikely that Constitutional Law would actually allow abuses like this in society, and that for the most part these studies are important to the behavioural scientist but have little practical impact on our culture. #RandolphHarris 6 of 20

I agree with this last point. The behavioural sciences at the present time are at somewhat the same stage as the physical sciences several generations ago. As a rather recent example of what I mean, take the argument which occurred around 1900 as to whether a heavier-than-air machine could fly. The science of aeronautics was not well-developed or precise, so that though there were findings which gave an affirmative answer, other studies could be lined up on the negative side. Most important of all, the public did not believe that this science possessed any validity, or would ever significantly affect the culture. They preferred to use their common sense, which told them that humans could not possibly fly in a contraption which was heavier than air. Contrast the public attitude toward aeronautics at that time with the attitude today. People are now expecting to be driving flying cars soon, have cameras that can fly hundreds of feet into the air and conduct surveillance, and much like launching satellites into space, all of these new technologies were consider an utterly fantastic scheme. However, so deeply had the public come to have faith in the natural sciences that not a voice was raised in disbelief. The only questions the public asked was, “When?” There is every reason to believe that the same sequence of events will occur in connection with the behavioral sciences and perhaps we will be able to cure violence and racism? #RandolphHarris 7 of 20

First the public ignores or views with disbelief; than as it discovers that the findings of a science are more dependable than common sense, it begins to use them; the widespread use of knowledge of a science creates a tremendous demand, so that humans and money and effort are poured into the science; finally the development of the science spirals upward at an ever-increasing rate. It seems highly probable that this sequence will be observed in the behavioural sciences. Consequently even though the findings of these sciences are not widely used today, there is every likelihood that they will be widely used tomorrow. We have in the making then a science of enormous potential importance, an instrumentality whose social power will make atomic energy seem feeble by comparison. And there is no doubt that the questions raised by this development will be questions of vital importance for this and coming generations. How shall we use the power of this new science? What happens to the individual person in this brave new World? Who will hold the power to use this new knowledge? Toward what end or purpose or value will this new type of knowledge be used? Perhaps we will find out very soon. “The Lord bless thee, and keep thee. The Lord make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee,” reports Numbers 6.24. #RandolphHarris 8 of 20

Whether an individual’s biographical life line is sustained in the mind of one’s intimates or in the personnel files of an organization, and whether the documentation of one’s personal identity is carried on one’s person or stored in files, one is an entity about which a record can be built up—a copybook has been made ready for one to blot. One is anchored as an object for biography. While the biography has been used by social scientists, especially in the form of a career life history, little attention has been given to the general properties of the of the concept, except in noting that biographies are very subject to retrospective construction. Social role as a concept and as formal element of social organization has been thoroughly examined, but biography has not. The first point to note about biographies is that we assume that an individual can really have only one of them, this being guaranteed by the laws of physics rather than those of society. Anything and everything an individual has done and can actually do is understood to be containable within one’s biography, as the Jekyll-Hyde theme illustrates, even if we have to hire biography specialist, a private detective, to fill in the missing facts and connection the discovered ones for us. No matter how big a scoundrel a person is, no matter how false, secretive, or disjointed one’s existence, or how governed by fits, starts, and reversals, the true facts of one’s activity cannot be contradictory or unconnected with each other. #RandolphHarris 9 of 20

Note that this embracing singleness of life line is in sharp contrast to the multiplicity of selves one finds in the individual in looking at one from the perspective of social role, where, if role and audience segregation is well managed, one can quite handily sustain different selves and can to a degree claim to be no longer something one was. Given these assumptions about the nature of personal identity, a factor emerges that will be relevant for this report: degree of “informational connectedness.” Given the important social facts about a person, the kind of facts reported in one’s obituary, how close to each other or how distant is a given pair of them as measured by the frequency with which those who know either fact will also know the other? More generally, given the body of important social facts about the individual, in what degree do those who know some know many? Social misrepresentation is to be distinguished from personal misrepresentation; and upper middle-class businessman who takes off for a lost weekend by “dressing down” and going to an inexpensive Summer resort misrepresents himself in the first way; when he registers in a motel as Mr. Smith, he misrepresents himself in the second way. And whether social or personal identity is involved, one can distinguish representation aimed at proving one is what one is not, from representation aimed at proving one is not what one is. #RandolphHarris 10 of 20

The wives and daughters of the new middle-class in the Victorian era were not typically part of the family’s economic survival. However, women like Sarah Winchester was the head of her household and controlled the family business, which was worth over a billion dollars (adjusted for inflation). To confirm the new gentry, many office workers’ wives cultivated the interests and manners of the gentlewomen of earlier generations. These families had just climbed the slippery slope of social class in one generation. If the woman of the house had to work, the family clearly had not arrived. Instead, the women of the family must cultivate a profound and pure ignorance of how to support themselves. They must learn “not to have head for figures.” They must never do anything that could be remotely interpreted as useful. They must embody high moral standards unsullied by contact with the World and high aesthetic standards to bring beauty and truth to the family. What is the result of confining half the population to their houses with al the necessities of life easily provided for by the new industrial America? The high Victorian parlor. Imagine a woman spending all of her productive years in her parlor and other people’s parlors. She is taught that her role is to bring beauty to the home through the nobility of such eighteenth-century crafts as hand needlework. #RandolphHarris 11 of 20

She is forbidden to read serious books or write for fear of taxing her innocent mind. The result would be an explosion of decorative crafts cluttering up every room in the house, especially the parlor. As an example, take the simple art of flower arranging. Soon everything that could be done with natural flowers had been done. Soon thereafter the possibilities of dried flowers were flowers were exhausted. With cloth and wire and glue, silk flowers can be crafted. With dye and chicken feathers, feather flowers are born. With wire springs and thread, flower petals can be formed and joined together. With shells and glue, shell flowers are made. With the hair of dearly departed loved ones, memorial flowers wreaths are fashioned. With gum Arabic or sugar paste or tissue paper or glass beads or foil or mica, flowers can be made and displayed in bouquets under glass domes or in wreaths or as crosses in shadow boxes. Framed flowers fashioned from human hair are somewhat unusual to us but were a perfect combination of sentimental nostalgia, valued handiwork in the age of the machine, and a taste for prettiness that epitomizes the late nineteenth century. Lace, applique embroidery, and quilting—all women’s crafts—soften the factory-made Eastlake sofas that were popular. #RandolphHarris 12 of 20

The most popular group of crafts was certainly needlework. Making clothing was far too plebeian and was now accomplished by automatic Singer sewing machines in sweatshops by immigrants. Berlin work was the preferred activity of Victorian ladies. Named for the printed canvasses available from Germany, Berlin work encompassed needlepoint and petit point. It was closely allied to embroidery on prepunched composition board, to regular and counted cross-stitching embroidery, and to crewel work with its wide repertoire of stitches. “Drawn thread work” could be used to make a fancy border on a simple linen guest towel. Crochet produced a coarse lace while knitting produced many booties and blankets. Even more characteristic of late Victorian needlework are the bizarre and curious items favoured by such popular magazines as Godey’s Lady’s Book. Bits of cloth and cardboard were wrapped in thread and sewn together, ornamented with more thread in the form of tassels and pompons, and decorated with glued-on gewgaws to make containers and covers for every imaginable object. Cases and boxes for thread, of course, were needed, for scissors and chalks and eyeglasses and slippers and books and bric-a-brac. If a doily or dainty or antimacassar could support an object or a cozy or cover could surround it or a tidy bow accent it, it was done. No surface was left bare. Every horizontal plane required a cover, every vertical plane a drapery, and every object a receptable—all made of needlework. #RandolphHarris 13 of 20

There is a basic difference in the furnishing of parlors in the 1840s, 1860, and 1880s, apart from the proliferation of handiwork and art. In the 1840s, the Greek Revival style favoured an orderly, symmetrical arrangement of furniture. The furniture was arranged against the walls and upholstered in horsehair or scarlet velvet to match. The effect was very formal with the architecture and furniture perfectly coordinated. This kind of parlor was not for chatty family gatherings and could only be maintained by those who were rich enough to keep one room for visitors. Some has parlors with bright, lozenge-paneled walls, pastel demask settees and chairs, Aubusson rugs, and richly decorated ceilings. By the 1850s and ‘60s, there had been superficial change in style and more basic change in the way the room was used. Furniture was now usually fashioned in a machine-made revival of eighteenth-century French Rococo. It might be called Louis XIV, XV, XVI, or even Marie Antoinette. What is important, however, is that the furniture was now arranged in informal conversational groupings. It was still upholstered “en suite,” now most likely in damask, but it was no longer arranged against the wall. Instead, a settee and a few chairs were gathered on the rose-bowered carpet table under the gaslight was used for reading books, then cleared for tea with visitors, then cleared against for evening parlor games. #RandolphHarris 14 of 20

It is safe to say that the second most important room in the Victorian home was the dining room, where not only the family gathered, but where social interaction took place among family and visitors. In the family it should be observed as a rule to meet together at all meals of the day around one common table where the same rules of etiquette should be as rigidly observed as the at the table of a stranger. Up to the Elizabethan period, no one room was specifically designed for eating. Meals took place in sitting rooms, kitchens, or hall/entrance ways (which were sizable) in which tables and chairs, or benches, were set up for meals, then removed afterward. Grand mansions, of course, had their banquet halls. It was when a room convenient to the kitchen and pantry evolved, that the dining room, as we know it, came to be. Dining rooms were also public rooms in which the best in furniture and décor was displayed. Typically dining room furniture would be a table, if possible, with extensions (an invention that occurred during the Victorian period), dining chairs, and a sideboard or chiffonier for storing serving pieces and presenting food. During this period, dining rose to its most elegant state. Etiquette books prescribed serving and dinning behaviour down to the smallest detail. Serving pieces and dining utensils had very specific purposes such as pickle casters with pickle tongs, celery dishes, and syllabub-sticks. #RandolphHarris 15 of 20

Sideboards made of walnut, oak, or mahogany could include features like carved columns and friezes, pediments, and cornices, and were small works of architecture in themselves. Styles ranged from the intricately carved Jacobean and Gothic or Rococo Revival, to the clean lines of a Sheraton or Chippendale piece. Beginning around the 1860s, the sideboard was the most important piece of furniture in the dinning room, equal relevance to the parlor’s center table. Families with sufficient means had built in sideboards. An 1892 Ladies Home Journal article tells what the sideboard is for, “Several people have asked me about the uses of the sideboard. The drawers are for the silver and cutlery, the closets for wine, if they be used, and often for such things as preserved ginger, confectionary, cut sugar, and indeed, any of the many little things that one likes to have in the dining-room yet out of sight. The water picture and other silver and pretty bits of china can be placed on the sideboard. Cracker jar and fruit dish also belong there. At dinner time the dessert dishes are usually arranged upon it.” The dining room table had been a relatively simple piece of furniture up to mid-century, when the extension table became popular. #RandolphHarris 16 of 20

Drop-leaf and gate-leg tables preceded the extension table, as ways to increase the size of the dining area when needed. Outside the simple country table or one designed by Sheraton or Heppelwhite, the dining room table was an extraordinarily massive piece of furniture with, depending on the exact style, fluted columns, clawed feet, or pedestal bases. Earlier in the century, the lines of the popular Renaissance Revival demanded very tall sideboards and high back chairs, while later, the graceful lines of the Art Nouveau and lower profile Arts and Crafts Movement, presented a more horizontal effect. It was recommended that the chairs around the dining table be of material that was easily cleaned such as cane, or leather, if upholstery was absolutely essential. Wall and floor decorations followed the patterns of other rooms in the house, according to the period. Dining rooms from the 1840s and 1850s had plain painted walls and not much in the way of wall decoration. Then came the deeply shaded walls of crimson, gold, or deep green or blue. Wainscotting or even fully paneled walls added an elegant touch. Lincrusta-Walton, an embossed wallpaper of a composition material that could be easily cleaned, was popular as a dado treatment for adding texture to the wall. #RandolphHarris 17 of 20

Area rugs were used throughout the century in the dining room. Wood floors were common and sometimes covered over by wall-to-wall carpeting. (Many people who buy Victorian homes today always feel blessed to find the original wood floors under the carpet.) Of course, it could be protected by laying a crumb cloth underneath the table. After 1880, wood parquet floors in a variety of patters provided an option to the pine planks or oak-wood strips of earlier homes. Today, many builders, like Cresleigh Homes, are being kind to the environment and saving trees by using luxury vinyl wood, which looks nice and is extremely durable. The intent, maybe more so in the dining room than parlor, was to create an atmosphere of comfort that was also functional. Above all, good taste must be observed, for it was all too easy to slip from a refined display of china, glass, and sliver, to an ostentatious showiness of excessive material goods. Dinner parities were elaborate, starting with engraved invitations and a menu of the cuisine to be served. There was great discourse on how many tablecloths to use, two or three (removed in stages between courses.) Courses were numerous, starting with soup, followed by fish, then game, or other meat. Vegetables accompanied the meat, then came a salad course. #RandolphHarris 18 of 20

Finger bowls were used, dessert and a fruit course concluded the meal, and coffee was served, either at the table or in the parlor or library. At this point, if the men were to indulge in smoking and brandies, the genders might separate. “And charity suffereth long, and is kind, and envieth not, and is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil, and rejoiceth in the truth, beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things. Wherefore, my beloved brethren, if ye have not charity never faileth. Wherefore, cleave unto charity which is the greatest of all, for all things must fail—but charity is pure love of Christ, and it endureth forever; and whoso is found possessed of it at the last day, it shall be well with one,” reports Moroni 7.45-47. O Lord our God, multiply upon us Thy grace, and grant us to follow, by a holy profession, the triumph of those whose glorious conflicts we celebrate; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Grant, O Almighty God, that we may evermore praise Thee in the commemoration of Thy Saints; for Thou wilt be careful to cherish those whom Thou hast enabled to preserve in honouring Thee; through Jesus Christ our Lord. O God of the highest Heaven, occupy the throne of my heart, take full possession and reign supreme lay low every rebel lust, let no vile passion resist thy holy war; manifest thy mighty power, and make me thine for ever. #RandolphHarris 19 of 20

Thou art worthy to be praised with my every breath, loved with my every faculty of soul, served with my every act of life. Thou hast loved me, espoused me, received me, purchased, washed, favoured, clothed, adorned me, when I was worthless, vile, soiled, polluted. I was dead in iniquities, having no eyes to see thee, no ears to hear thee, no taste to relish thy joys, no intelligence to know thee; but thy Spirit has quickened me, has brought me into a new World as a new creature, has given me spiritual perception, has opened to me thy word as light, guide, solace, joy. Thy presence is to me a treasure of unending peace; no provocation can part me from thy sympathy, for thou hast drawn me with cords of love, and dost forgive me daily, hourly. O help me then to walk worthy of thy love, of my hopes, and my vocation. Keep me, for I cannot keep myself; protect me that no evil befall me; let me lay aside every sin admired of many; help me to walk by thy side, lean on thy arm, hold converse with thee, that hence forth I maybe salt of the Earth and a blessing to all. Too long has the word “Master” been bandied on the lips of the people; they talk of “Master” as of a politician—setting up to judge one or they make wild statements about him or letting their imaginations run loose about one. It is not right that the Illuminati should be discussed so lightly and it is far better to let them remain as Illuminati to be thought of in silent hours of prayers and not to be analysed at our tea-tables as we analyse the events of the day. #RandolphHarris 20 of 20

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