Temper is what gets most people in trouble, and pride is what keeps them there. Do what you can with what you have, where you are. When you work with people, it is a lot like mining for gold. When you mine for gold, you must literally move tones of dirt to find a single ounce of gold. However, you do not look for the dirt—you look for the gold! Are humans apes or Angels? Now I am on the side of the Angels. It is reasonable to conclude from our study that changes associated with client-centered therapy is that the self-perception is altered in a direction which makes the self more  highly valued. This change is not a transient one, but persists after therapy. This decrease in internal tension is a highly significant one. However, therapy will not bring about perfect adjustment, or complete absence of tensions, people are still human, not computers. It is also clear that the changes under discussion have not occurred simply as a result of the passage of time, nor as the result of a decision to seek help. They are definitely associated with therapy. The self-concept changes in therapy, not the ideal self. The latter tends to change but slightly, and its change is in the direction of becoming a less demanding, or more achievable self. We know that the self-picture emerging at the end of therapy is rated by clinicians (in a manner which excludes possible bias) as being better adjusted. #RandolphHarris 1 of 17

Spirituality in one’s aura, the self-actualized person is not always immediately recognizable although it is always indefinable. The effect one has upon those around one cannot be measured by its immediate result but only by its ultimate on. We know that this emerging self has a great degree of inner comfort, of self-understanding and self-acceptance, of self-responsibility. We know that this post-therapy self finds greater satisfaction and comfort in relationships with others. Thus bit by bit we have been able to add to our objective knowledge of the changes wrong by therapy in the client’s perceived self. The individua makes choices and establishes values differently; one meets frustration with less prolonged physiological tension, one changes in the way one perceives oneself and values oneself. However, this still leaves unanswered question of practical concern to the layman and to society, “Does the client’s everyday behavior change in such a way that the changes can be observed, and is the nature of these changes beneficial?” It seems that the inner changes taking place in therapy will cause the individual after therapy to behave in ways which are less defensive, more socialized, more acceptant of reality in oneself and in one’s social environment, and which give evidence of more socialized system of values. #RandolphHarris 2 of 17

One will, in short, behave in ways which are regarded as more mature, and infantile ways of behaving will tend to decrease. The World can judge only by appearances and always judges worst; the World can never hope to understand the independence of a being like the self-actualized who will not hesitate to take on even the appearance of wrong whilst seeking to render service. Actually, one has to subscribe to an infinitely higher ethic than conventional society can understand. One will certainly be unpretentious and may even be unimpressive, but that will be only to the external eye. To those who can see with the mind, the heart, and the intuition, one will be a rare messenger of divinity. Of course, these changes are not only the result of therapy, but therapy combined with religion. Therapy and religion are a good combination towards healing because the individual is working on the mind, and the soul, which will manifest a deep wisdom of reality. We cannot dictate the external form in which one will express one’s attitude. The illuminate will do just that which is demanded of one by the particular circumstances of the case at that particular time and in that particular place. There is nothing arbitrary about one’s action. Some behave as if they know nothing, these hidden illuminati. Most of us are not in a position to judge either the inner being or outer behaviour of such a divinely illumined being. #RandolphHarris 3 of 17

People have these enlightened beings of the spirit among them and do not know it, often do not care to know it. One is indeed a life full of paradoxes. Outwardly one may be a millionaire, but inwardly one owns nothing, and begs at the door of God for salvation. It is a commonly held view—not only among laymen but also among many scientists—that human beings are machines that function in accordance with certain physiological requirements. They experience hunger and thirst; they have to sleep; they need physical experiences. He physiological or biological needs have to be met. If they are not, people will become neurotic or, if they do no eat, for example, they will die. If those needs are met, however, then everything is just fine. Now the only trouble with that view is that it is wrong. It can happen that all a person’s physiological and biological needs are met but one is still not satisfied, still is not at peace with oneself. Indeed, one may be psychically quite ill even though one seems to have everything one needs. What one lacks is an animating impulse that would make one active. Let me give you a few brief examples of what I mean. In recent years some interesting experiments have been conducted in which people have been deprived of all stimuli. They have been placed in complete isolation in a small space where the temperature and illumination remain constant. Their food is shoved in them through a hatchway. #RandolphHarris 4 of 17

All their needs are met, but there are no stimuli. The conditions are comparable, say, to those a fetus experiences in the womb. After a few days’ exposure to this kind of experiment, people begin to develop serious pathological tendencies, often schizophrenic ones. Although their physiological needs are satisfied, this state of passivity is psychologically pathogenic and can lead to insanity. What is a normal situation for a fetus (although even a fetus is not as fully deprived of stimuli as the subjects in those experiments are) produces illness in an adult. In still other experiments, people have been prevented from dreaming. It is possible to do this because we know that very rapid eye movements accompany dreaming. If an experimenter wakes a subject when one sees rapid eye movements, one can keep that individual from dreaming. People subjected to this experiment, too, developed serious symptoms of illness. This suggests that dreaming is a psychic necessity. Even when we are asleep, we remain mentally and psychologically active. If we are kept from that activity, we become ill. The animal psychologist Harry Harlow found in his experiments with monkeys that primates could maintain their interest in a complicated experiment for ten hours at a time. They worked persistently at taking apart complex structure and stuck patiently at their task. No rewards were offered or punishments inflicted. #RandolphHarris 5 of 17

Because Harlow did not make any use of the stimulus-response mechanism, it was clear that the animals persisted in their work out of sheer interest in it. Animals, too, especially the primates, can develop high levels of interest and are not motivated exclusively by the promise of food or the fear of punishment. Let me mention still another example. Human beings were producing art as long as 30,000 years. We are inclined to belittle that work today by saying it served purely magical ends. Think of the incredibly beautiful and graceful renderings is animals we find in cave paintings. The motivation for those paintings was presumably to ensure success in the hunt. That may well be, but does that explain their beauty? The needs of magic could have been met with far less artistic painting and decorative of caves and vases. The beauty that we can still perceive and enjoy today was an added extra. In other words, people have their interests that go beyond the practical, the functional, the object as took or utensil. They want t be active in a creative way; they want to give shape to things, to develop power latent in themselves. The German psychologist Karl Buehler has coined the very apt phrase “the delight of function” to suggest the joy that activity can being with it. People enjoy functioning not because they need this thing or that thing but because the act of making something, the utilization of their own capacities, itself is a pleasurable experience. #RandolphHarris 6 of 17

The point that humans love to create things of value inherently by their nature is of course important because it has a bearing on education. A brilliant Italian teacher, Maria Montessori, realized that children can be trained with the old system of rewards and punishments, but they cannot be educated with it. Numerous studies designed to test that idea have confirmed that people do indeed learn better when what they do is itself inherently satisfying. I believe a human being is fully oneself only when one expresses oneself, when one makes use of the powers within one. If one cannot do that, if one’s life consists only of possessing and using rather than being, then one degenerates; one becomes a thing; one’s life become pointless. It becomes a form of suffering. Real joy comes with real activity, and real activity involves the utilization and cultivation of human powers. We should not forget that exerting our minds encourages the growth of brain cells. That is a fact supported by physiological evidence. Indeed, the growth of the brain can even be weighed and is analogous to the strengthening of muscles of which we make increased demands. If we never subject our muscles to more stress than they are accustomed to, they will remain at the stage of development they have attained, but they will never come near what they are potentially capable of. #RandolphHarris 7 of 17

Now I would like to introduce some social and economic considerations into discussion of affluence. We can distinguish a few major phases in human history. Perhaps we should begin by noting that the phase in which human evolution has taken places has been a very long one extending over a few hundred thousand years. There was no single step or moment that marked the completion of the development. It was a long process in which quantitative factors underwent a very gradual transformation into qualitative ones. The evolutionary process that produced the precursor of modern humans was more or less complete only 60,000 years ago; Homo sapiens, a creature who is just like us today, first appears about 40,000 years ago. Our beginnings, then go back a very short time. What is it that distinguished humans from animals? Well, human beings have a new and different consciousness, a consciousness of oneself; one knew that one existed and that one was something different, something apart from nature, apart from other people, too. One experienced oneself as an individual. Humans were aware that they thought and felt. As far as we know, there is nothing analogous to this anywhere else in the animal kingdom. That is the specific quality that makes human beings human. #RandolphHarris 8 of 17

From the moment that humans were born as what we would call a full human being one lived for roughly 30,000 years in a situation of prevailing hardship, of perpetual shortage. One lived by hunting animals and by gathering foodstuffs that one could use but had not cultivated. Life in that period was marked by poverty and need. However, then came a great revolution that is sometimes called the Neolithic evolution. That revolution occurred about 10,000 years ago. Humans began to produce, to create material goods. One no longer lived only from what one happened to find r from the yield of the hunt but became a farmer or herdsman. One produced more than one needed at the moment, using one’s foresight, one’s intelligence, and one’s skills to make what one needed as an individual. The first farmers with their simple plows may strike us today as very primitive, but they were the first people to escape from total dependence on the whims of nature, to which all beings before had been subject, and to start using their brains, imaginations, and energies to influence the World and create more hospitable environments for themselves. They planned; they provided for the future; they created, for the first time, a relative affluence. They soon left primitive methods of agriculture and animal husbandry behind. #RandolphHarris 9 of 17

Human developed culture; they developed cities; and a second era followed quickly on the heels of the first: an era characterized by relative affluence. By “relative affluence” I mean a state in which the earlier poverty and need had been overcome but in which the new affluence was too confined to let everyone partake of it. The minority that controlled society and accumulated increasing power kept the best of everything for itself, leaving only the leftovers for the majority. The table was not set for everyone. Affluence was not available to all. Thus, though we may be oversimplifying for the sake of brevity, we can speak of the relative affluence (or relative poverty) that has been the rule since the beginning of the Neolithic revolution and that is still, to some measure, the rule today. Relative affluence is a two-edged sword. On the one hand, people were able to develop cultures. They had the material base they needed to build buildings, organize states, support philosophers, and so forth. However, on the other hand, the consequences of relative poverty was that a small group had to exploit a large one. Without the majority, that economy could not have flourished. The warring impulse is not, as many people like to claim, rooted in human instinct, in human’s natural drive to destroy. War had its beginnings in the Neolithic period from the moment when there were things worth taking away from someone else and when people had established their communal life in such a way that they could invent war s an institution and use it to attack others who has something they wanted. #RandolphHarris 10 of 17

We usually have complicated reasons on hand to explain why we go to war. “We were threatened!” we say, and that is supposed to justify a way. And sometimes that is actually the case, but other times there are other motives which are usually pathetically transparent. So we have relative affluence, this accomplishment of the Neolithic period, to thank for culture on the one had and for war and the exploitation of human by human on the others. Ever since that period human beings have lived more or less in a zoo. Accordingly, the entire field of psychology, which is based on the observation of human beings, can be compared with that stage in ethology when all of our knowledge of animals was based on observations made in zoos and not in the wild. It has become particularly clear to psychologist that animals in zoos behave very differently from animals in the wild. Solly Zuckerman observed that the sacred baboons in the London Zoo in Regents Park were incredibly aggressive. He assumed at first that the trait lay in the nature of those particular primates. However, when other scientists observed those baboons in the wild, they found them not very aggressive at all. Imprisonment, boredom, the limitations on freedom—all of these things encouraged the development of an aggression that was absent in natural conditions. #RandolphHarris 11 of 17

When they are held captive humans and animals behave differently from the way they do when they are free. However, then the first industrial revolution brought about a great change in the human situation, a change that had its beginnings as far back as the Renaissance but has come to a head in our century: All of the sudden mechanical energy took the place of natural human energy, that is, energy supplied by animals and human beings. Now machines supplied the power that had formerly been supplied by living beings. And at the same time a new hope arose. If that energy could be harnessed, then everyone, not just a minority, could enjoy the fruits of affluence. On the heels of the first revolution followed another that has been called the second industrial revolution. In this revolution machines replace not only human energy but also human thought. I am referring here to the science of cybernetics and to the machines that have themselves assumed control of other machines an of the production process. Cybernetics has increased and continues to increase production possibilities to such a massive degree that we can realistically foresee a time—assuming that a war does not break out first or that humanity is not decimated by hunger or epidemics—when the new production methods will provide absolute affluence. At that point no one will be poor or in need anymore; everyone will know affluence. Human life will not be cluttered with the superfluous but will be marked by absolute abundance that frees people from the fear of hunger, the fear of violence. #RandolphHarris 12 of 17

Our modern society has developed still another thing that never existed before. It produces not only goods but also needs. What do I mean by that? People have always had needs. They have wanted to live in attractive homes, and so forth. However, if you look around you today you will note that every increasing importance that advertising and packaging have acquired. It is rare for desires to arise within people any more; desires are awakened and cultivated from without. Even someone who is well off will feel poor when confronted with the plethora of goods the advertisers want one to want. There is no doubt whatsoever that industry will succeed in creating needs that it will then set about satisfying, indeed, will have to satisfy if it means to stay alive in the present system, for in that system the production of a profit is the test of viability. Our present economic system is based on maximum production and maximum consumption. The nineteenth-century economy was still based on the idea of maximizing savings. Our great grandparents considered it a nice to buy something you did not have the money to pay for. Today that has become a virtue. And, conversely, anyone who buys only what one truly needs borders on the politically suspect; one is a peculiar sort. People who do not own television sets stand out. They are obviously not quite normal. Where will this all lead us? #RandolphHarris 13 of 17

I can tell you. The unlimited increase of consumption produces a type of person who is devoted to an ideal, indeed, to what is almost a new religion, the religion of Trump Tower. If we ask ourselves how modern beings envision paradise, we are probably correct in saying that, unlike the Mohammedans, one does not expect to find oneself surrounded by beautiful women there (a decidedly make view of paradise anyway). One’s vision is of an immense department store where everything is available and where one will always have money enough to buy only everything one wants but also just a little bit more than one’s neighbour. That is part of the syndrome: One sense of self-worth is based on how much one has. And if one wants to be the best one has to have the most. The question of where to call a halt founders in the almost frenzied rounds of production and consumption, and even though most people in this economic system have much more than they can use, they still feel por because they cannot keep up with the pace of production or the mass of goods produced. This situation promotes passivity as well as envy and greed and, ultimately a sense of inner weakness, of powerlessness, of inferiority. A person’s sense of self comes to be based solely on what one has, not on what one is. Out of clutter, find simplicity. From discord, find harmony. In the middle of difficulty opportunity is possessed. #RandolphHarris 14 of 17

Learn to pause or nothing worthwhile will catch up to you. Since we have two ears and one mouth, we should listen twice as much as we talk. Isaiah 38.17 gives another pictorial expression to describe the extent of God’s forgiveness of our sins. The prophet said of God, “You have put all my sins behind your back.” When something is behind your back, it is out of sight. We cannot see it anymore. God says He has done that with our sins. It is not that we have not sinned or, as Christians, do not continue with our sins. We know we sin daily—in fact, many times a day. Even as Christians our best efforts are still marred with imperfect performance and impure motives. However, God no longer “see” either our deliberate disobedience of our marred performances. Instead God “sees” the righteousness of Christ, which He has already imputed to us. Does this mean God ignores our sins like an overindulgent, permissive father who lets his children grow up undisciplined and ill-behaved? Not at all. In God’s relationship to us as our Heavenly Father, God does deal with our sins, but only in such a way as for our good. He does not deal with us as our sins deserves, which would be punishment, but at His grace provides, which is for our good. In God’s relationship to us as the moral Governor and Judge of humankind, God has put our sins behind his back. In God’s relationship to us as the Supreme Sovereign dealing with His rebellious subjects, He no longer “sees” our sins. #RandolphHarris 15 of 17

And note that our sins do not just happen to be behind God’s back. The Scripture says God has put them there. How can God do this and still be a just and holy God? Again, the answer is that Jesus Christ paid the penalty we should have paid. As another hymn put it, “What can wash away my sing? Nothing but the blood of Jesus.” However, that is not a key to keep sinning and expect forgiveness. Keep in mind repentance and damage that may be done to your soul. Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God, Who for our redemption willedest to be born and circumcised, and rejected by the Jews, betrayed with a kiss by Judas, seized, bound, and led in bonds to Annas, Caiaphas, Herod, and Pilate, and before them to be mocked, smitten with palm and fist, with the scourge and the reed; to have Thy face covered and defiled with spitting; to be crowed with thorns, accused by false witnesses, condemned and as an innocent Lamb to be led to slaughter, bearing Thine own Cross; to be pierced though with nails, to have gall and vinegar given Thee to drink, on the Cross to die the most shameful of deaths, and to be wounded with a spear; do Thou by these Thy most sacred pains deliver us from all sins and penalties, and by Thy holy Cross bring us, miserable sinners, to tat place whither Thou didst being with Thyself the crucified robber on his late repentance; Who livest and reignest, please forgive us for all our sins, remove all obstructions, and bless us with abundant prosperity. #RandolphHarris 16 of 17

My Father, in a World of created changeable things, Christ and his word alone remain unshaken. O to forsake all creatures, to rest as a stone n him the foundation, to abide in him, be borne up by him! For all my mercies come through Christ, who has designed, purchased, promised, effected them. How sweet it is to be near him, the Lamb, filled with holy affections! When I sin against thee I cross thy will, love, life, and have no comforter, no creature, to go to. My sin is not so much this or that particular evil, but my continual separation, disunion, distance from thee, and having a loose spirit towards thee. But thou hast given me a present, Jesus thy Son, as mediator between thyself and my soul, as middle-man who pit holds both him below and him above, for only he can span the chasm breached by sin, and satisfy divine justice. May I always lay hold upon this mediator, as a realized object of faith, and alone worthy by his love to bridge the gulf. Let me know that he is dear to me by his word; I am one with him by the word on his part, and by faith on mine; If I oppose the word I oppose my Lord when he is most near; if I receive the word I receive my Lord wherein he is nigh. O thou who has the hearts of all beings in thine hand, form my heart according to the word, according to the image of thy Son, so shall Christ the Word, and his word, be my strength and comfort. “And it came to pass that I prayed unto the Lord that he would give unto the Gentiles grace, that they may have charity,” Ether 12.36. #RandolphHarris 17 of 17

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