Defend your soul as if your freedom depended on it. The soul is meant to satisfy the curiosity of the curious, provide a place for the lonely where they may enjoy the companionship and warmth of God. It supplies insight for those seeking knowledge, love for the yearning desires of the heart, truth for those in need of discernment, and makes available the blessings of reality which will eventually haunt one so successfully. How far you go in life depends on your being tender with your youth, compassionate as you age, sympathetic with those striving, and accepting of the weak and the strong. Immortality has come to reside in accumulated wealth. And once individuals and families were free to negotiate their value in this kind of coinage, there was no stopping the process. Uncertainty is no longer acceptable; the general mind will fail to come to rest in their presence, and will seek for solutions of a more reassuring kind. Primitive beings lived in a World devoid of clocks, progressive calendars, once-only numbered years. Nature was seen in her imagined purity of endless cycles of Sun risings and settings, Moon waxing and waning, seasons changing, animals dying and being born, and so forth. However, this kind of cosmology was not favorable to the accumulation of either guilt or property, since everything was wiped away with the gifs and nature was renewed with the help of ritual ceremonies and regeneration. #RandolphHarris 1 of 19

Because of their cosmology in primitive times, beings did not feel that they have to pile things up. Primitive beings lived in an eternal now; they experienced the flow of time because they experienced guilt. That is, in terms of our discussion of guilt, primitive beings lived in certain universal binds that characterized human life, and so they had to experience time flow because these beings are composed with the passage of time. Guilt and time, then, are inseparable, which is why primitive beings so elaborately tried to deny them both with regenerative rituals. It took the longest time for this denial to be given up; the Greeks and Romans were reluctant to admit that the old regenerative rituals no longer worked. Probably the repeated sacking of Rome graphically swung the balance. It could no longer be pretended that the ancient rituals of renewal could keep regenerating the city, and at this time growing numbers of people opted for Christianity, which promised the impending end of the World; after Augustine, time was firmly set in a liner way while waiting for that end. Witness the attempt to overcome the “problem of evil,” the “mystery of pain.” There is no “problem of good.” We are still today ticking off the years, but we no loner know what for, unless it is for compounding interest. Compounding interest is one of the few meaningful thing to do in an irreversible time stream that is wholly secular and visible. #RandolphHarris 2 of 19

No wonder the confusion of the ancient World was so great and tension and anxiety were so high: beings had already amassed great burdens of guilt by amassing possession, and there was no easy way to atone for this. Being were no longer safely tucked into the group, but they still had their human burdens. They were still in flight from themselves, from their own mortality. But as one’s abilities to do lie wholly in the line of one’s natural propensities; as one enjoys reacting with such emotions as fortitude, hope, rapture, admiration, earnestness, and the like; and as one very unwillingly reacts with fear, disgust, despair, or doubt, which is sure to leave the mind a prey to discontent and craving. In the lower forms of life no one will pretend that cognition is anything more than a guide to appropriate action. This is how we understand the growth of the notion of “sin” historically. Theologically, sin means literally separation from the powers and protection of the gods, a setting up of oneself as a causa sui. Sin is the experience of uncertainty in one’s relation to the divine ground of one’s being; one no longer is sure of possessing the right connection, the right means of expiation. One feels alone, exposed, weighed down by the burden of guilt accumulated in this World by the acts of one’s body and one’s material desires. One’s experience of physicalness of life obsesses one. #RandolphHarris 3 of 19

The experience of sin, for simple believers, is merely one of “uncleanliness” and straightforward prohibition of specific acts. It is not the experience of one’s whole life as a problem. We have put time on a wholly unilinear basis, and so money and cumulative interest have become our unequivocal god. There is no experience of sin where the body is not felt to be a problem, where one imagines that one does indeed have full control over one’s own destiny on the physical level alone. Separation from the divine powers is not felt because these powers are denied by the primary power of the visible things. In other words, we have succeeded better than ever the primitives in avoiding sin, by simply denying the existence of the invisible dimension to which it is related. In contrast with guilt, we do not even have to repress it, since it does not arise in our experience of the World. Secularization of the economy means that we can no longer be redeemed by work, since the creation of a surplus is no longer addressed as a gift to the gods. Which means that the new god Money that we pursue so dedicatedly is not a god that gives expiation! It is perverse. We wonder how we could allow ourselves to do this to ourselves, but right away we know the answer: we did not take command of history at some given point where civilization started. #RandolphHarris 4 of 19

Rather, history took command of us in our original driveness toward heroism; and our urge to heroism has always taken the nearest means at hand. The result of this secularization process is that we have an economy driven by the pure sense of guilt, unmitigated by any sense of redemption. Human beings have changed from the giving beings, the one who passes things on, to the wholly taking and keeping one. By continually taking and piling and computing interest and leaving to one’s heirs, beings contrives the illusion that one is in complete control of one’s destiny. After all, accumulated things are a visible testimonial to power, to the fact that one is not limited or dependent. Beings imagine that the causa sui project is firmly in one’s hands, that one is the heroic maker and doer who takes what one creates, what is rightfully theirs. And so we see how modern beings, in one’s one-dimensional economics, is drive by the idea of one’s life, by one’s denial of limitations, of the trust state of natural affairs. Basically, human beings have become a greater victim of their drivenness when heroism pushed expiation out of the picture; beings are now giving expression to only one side of their nature. One still needs expiation for peace of one’s life because one is stuck with one’s natural and universal experience of guilt. #RandolphHarris 5 of 19

The being who takes is strong enough to shoulder one’s own guilt, and the process of expiation of modern beings has been reified and passes into piles of stone and gold. Granted that money represents the new causa sui project, that the infantile omnipotence is no loner in one’s body but in things. However, to repress guilt is not to shoulder it; it is not that guilt has vanished by being transmuted into things or expiated by things; rather, that which is denied must come out by some other means. History is the tragic record of heroism and expiation out of control and of human’s effort to earn expiation in new, frantically driven and contrived ways. The burden of guilt created by cumulative possessions, liner time, and secularization is assuredly greater than that experienced by primitive beings; it has come out some way. Most of the evil that humans have visited on their World is the result precisely of the greater passion of one’s denial and historical drivenness. This leads us directly from problems of psychoanalysis and history right up to the problem of science of humans itself: what is the nature of evil in human affairs, and how can we come to grips with it as thoughtful beings trying to take back some control over our own destiny, trying to fish ourselves out of the whirlpool of our historical passion? The only way that seems open to reason is to continue to try to soberly sort out our own motive, those that have led to our present state. #RandolphHarris 6 of 19

We are acquainted with a thing as soon as we have learned how to behave toward it, or how to meet the behavior which we expect from it. Up to that point it is still “strange” to us. All of our human problems, with their intolerable sufferings, arise from human’s ceaseless attempts to make this material World into a human-made reality…aiming to achieve on Earth a “perfection” which is only to be found in the beyond, thereby hopelessly confusing the values of both spheres. Willingness to live with energy, though energy brings pain is the test to find whether your mission on Earth is finished; if you are alive, it is not. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. The unknowable may be unfathomed, but if it makes such distinct demands upon our activity, we surely are not ignorant of its essential quality. The inmost nature of the reality is congenial to powers which you possess. Take repentance: the person who can do nothing righty can at least repent of one’s failures. The seeker will pass through three periods successively before one can enter the sublime land of realization. First one must experiment with and exhaust the external possibilities of religion; then one must practise the internal rite of prayer; lastly one must, with sharpened intelligence, pursue the subtlest of all philosophies. #RandolphHarris 7 of 19

That a higher existence is possible for humankind may be a strong intuitive feeling or a strong religious belief. It can develop through experience of a spiritual glimpse into personal realization or more lastingly, more truthfully, through experience of philosophic insight. Humans need a rule for their will, and will invent one be not given. Our own thoughts are what we are most at home with, what we are least afraid of. To say then that the Universe essentially is thought, is to say that I myself, potentially at least, am all. There is no radically alien corner, but an all-pervading intimacy. When Benjamin Franklin observed the spark coming from the key on his kite-string, he did not, fortunately, fall under the spell of its immediate and practical uses. Instead, he began to inquire into the basic process which made such a phenomenon possible. Happiness is a habit. Practise unhappy attitudes and become an unhappy person. Practise happy attitudes and learn that the habit becomes the person. Let optimistic thoughts become your habits. If you did your best yesterday, you have begun to die; if you are doing your best today, you are beginning to live! When we focus on solving problems is usually when we find ourselves just experiencing ourselves. The innermost core of human’s nature, the deepest layers of one’s personality, the base of terrestrial nature, the good in nature—is basically socialized, forward-moving, rational and realistic. #RandolphHarris 8 of 19

At the heart, human beings are irrational, unsocialized, destructive of others and self—and this concept is accepted almost without question. The anti-social emotions—hostility, jealousy, and so forth—result from frustration of more basic impulses for love and security and belonging, which are in themselves desirable. However, cooperation, rather than struggle, is the basic law of human life. Just because the fact that in therapy there are continually being uncovered hostile and anti-social feelings, it is easy to assume that this indicates the deeper and therefore the basic nature of humans. Only slowly has it become evident that these untamed and unsocial feeling are neither the deepest nor the strongest, and that the inner core of human’s personality is the organism itself, which is essentially both self-preserving and social. There is an overpowering desire at moments to escape personality, to revel in the actions of forces that have no respect for our ego, to let the ties flow, even though they flow over us. The strife of these two kinds of mental temper will, I think, always be seen in philosophy. Some people will keep insisting on the reason, the atonement, that is possessed in the heart of things, and that we can act with; others, on the opacity of brute fact that we must react. In some people there is an underlying bitterness and hatred and a desire to get back at the World which has cheated them, and it is an anti-social feeling, a deep experience of having been hurt. #RandolphHarris 9 of 19

People who are hurt are deeply trying to express something within their soul which is difficult to formulate. Sometimes they like to torment themselves, and to chase things down. People often have feelings that go against the grain of their culture, they feel bound to say that the core of themselves is not bad, nor terribly wrong, but something beneficial. Underneath the layer of controlled surface behavior, underneath the bitterness, underneath the hurt, is a self that is good, and that is without hate. If hatefulness seems like a rather neutral or negative concept, people need love most then they deserve it least. And the deeper when digs into themselves, they will realize the less they have to fear; and instead of finding something terribly wrong within oneself, one may gradually uncover a core of self which wants neither to reward nor punish others, a self without hate, a self which is deeply socialized. In this sense a person becomes for the first time the full potential of the human organism, with the enriching element of awareness freely added to the basic aspect of sensory and visceral reaction. The person comes to be what he or she is. What this seems to mean is that the individual some to be—in awareness—what one is—in experience. One is, in other words, a complete and fully functioning human organism. Through self-actualization, people learn to control themselves, and one is incorrigibly socialized in one’s desires. There is no beast in human beings. There is only a human in humans and this we have to be able to release. #RandolphHarris 10 of 19

There is a difference between having access to the soul and having the faith it takes to interpret it. Faith means belief in something concerning which doubt is still theoretically possible; and as the test of belief is willingness to act, one may say that faith is the readiness to act in a cause the prosperous issue of which is not certified philosophies seeking the inconcussum are fruits of mental natures in which the passion for identity (which we see to be but one factor of the rational appetite) plays an abnormally exclusive part. In the average being, on the contrary, the power to trust, to risk a little beyond the literal evidence, is an essential function. Any more of conceiving the Universe which makes an appeal to this generous power, and makes the being seem as if one were individually helping to create the actuality of the truth whose metaphysical reality one is willing to assume, will be sure to be responded to by large numbers. The human personality has to be ready to go in for what it feels to be right, in spite of all appearances. The concrete being has but one interest—to be right. That for one is the art of all arts, and all means are fair which help one to it. Vulnerable, we are flung into the World, and between us and nature there are no rules of civilized warfare. #RandolphHarris 11 of 19

When the human’s unique capacity of awareness is thus functioning freely and fully, we find that we have not an animal whom we must fear, not a beast who must be controlled, but an organism able to achieve, through the remarkable integrative capacity of its central nervous system, a balanced, realistic, self-enhancing, other-enhancing behavior as a resultant of all these elements of awareness. To put it another way, when humans are less than fully human—when one denies to awareness various aspect of one’s experience—then indeed we have all too often reason to fear one and one’s behavior, as present World situation testifies. However, when one is fully human, when one is one’s complete organism, when awareness of experience, that peculiarly human attribute, is most fully operating, then one is to be trusted, then one’s behavior is constructive. It is not always convent in one’s work; the brilliant student, at the top of one’s class, who is paralyzed by the conviction that one is hopelessly and helplessly inadequate; the parent who is distressed by one’s child’s behavior; the popular girl who finds herself unaccountably overtaken by sharps spells of morbid depression; the woman who fears that life and love are passing her by, and that her good graduate record is a poor recompense; the man who has become convinced that powerful or sinister forces are plotting against him;–I could go on and on with the many different and unique problems which people bring to us. #RandolphHarris 12 of 19

The kaleidoscope of problems runs the gamut of life’s experiences. Yet there is no satisfaction in giving this type of catalog, for, as counselor, I know that the problem will eventually be resolved. However, the real problem seems to be people are trying to figure out who they are. They want to get in touch with themselves. They want to become their authentic self. All things excellent are as difficult as they are rare. We cannot live or think at all without some degree of faith. Faith is synonymous with working hypothesis. The only difference is that while some hypotheses can be refuted in five minutes, others may defy ages. A chemist who conjectures that a certain wall-paper contains arsenic, and has faith enough to lead one to take the trouble to put some of it into a hydrogen bottle, finds out by the results of one’s action whether he was right or wrong. However, theories like that of Darwin, or that of the kinetic constitution of matter, may exhaust the labors of generations in their corroboration, each tester of their truth proceeding in this simple way—that one acts as if it were true, and expects the result to disappoint one if one’s assumption is false. The longer disappointment is delayed, the stronger grows one’s faith in one’s theory. Strongest minds are often those whom the noisy World hears least. #RandolphHarris 13 of 19

We make a living by what we get, we may a life by what when give. Belief (as measured by action) not only does and must continually outstrip scientific evidence, but there is a certain class of truths of whose reality belief is a factor as well as a confessor; and this class of truths is regarded as faith and is not only licit and pertinent, but essential and indispensable. The truths cannot become true toll our faith has made them so. Part of wisdom clearly is to believe what one desires; for the belief is one of the indispensable preliminary conditions of the realization of its object. There are then cases where faith creates its own verification. Believe, and you shall be right, for you shall save yourself; doubt, and you shall again be right, for you shall perish. The only difference is that to believe is greatly to your advantage. What is going to succeed must need fall back on personal belief as one of the ultimate conditions of truth. For again and again success depends on energy of act; energy again depends on faith that we shall not fail; and that faith in turn on the faith that we are right—which faith thus verifies itself. Take as an example the question of optimism or pessimism, which makes so much noise. Every human being must sometime decide for oneself whether life is worth living. #RandolphHarris 14 of 19

 Suppose that in looking at the World and seeing how full it is of misery, of old age, of wickedness and pain, and how unsafe is one’s own future, one yields to the pessimistic conclusion, cultivates disgust and dread, ceases striving and finally commits suicide. The personal’s picture illumined by no gleam of good allowed pessimism to supply one’s belief about all that life was lacking, and no it made this belief right. Little inconveniences, exertions, pains—these are the only things in which we rightly feel our life at all. If these be not these, existence becomes worthless, or worse; success in putting them all away is fatal. So it is beings engaged in athletic sport, spend their holidays in climbing up mountains, find nothing so enjoyable as that which taxes their endurance and their energy. This is the way we are made, I say. It may or may not be a mystery or a paradox; it is a fact. Now, this enjoyment in endurance is just according to the intensity of life: the more physical vigor and balance, the more endurance can be made an element of satisfaction. A sick man cannot stand it. The line f enjoyable suffering is not a fixed one; it fluctuates with the perfectness of the life. That our pains are, as they are, unendurable, awful, overwhelming, crushing, not to be borne save in misery and dumb impatience, which utter exhaustion alone makes patient—that our pains are thus unendurable, means not that they are too great, but that we are sick. #RandolphHarris 15 of 19

We have not got our proper life. So you perceive pain is no more necessarily an evil, but an essential element of the highest good. However, if we try pertinaciously enough, the highest good can be achieved only by our getting our proper life; and that can come about only by help of a moral energy born of the faith that in some way or other we shall succeed in getting it. This World is good, we must say, since it is what we make it—and we shall make it good. How can we exclude from the cognition of a truth a faith which is involved in the creation of the truth? All depends on the character of personal contribution. Wherever the facts to be formulated contain such a contribution, we may logically, legitimately, and inexpugnably believe what we desire. The belief creates it verification. The thought becomes literally father to the fact, as the wish was father to the thought. If we had no courage to attempt anything, what would life be? The interest ae not there merely to be felt—they are to be believed in and obeyed. Not only is it best for my social interests to keep my promise, but best for me to have those interests, and best for the cosmos to like me. One who believes this to be a radically moral Universe must hold the moral order to rest either on an absolute and ultimate should, or on a series of should all the way down. #RandolphHarris 16 of 19

There is no better place to be than where you are, and no better time than now to make a difference. Be yourself, try your best, and never be afraid to dream. A soul represents the mind of its collector, one’s fancies and foibles, one’s strength and weakness, one’s prejudices and preference. Particularly is this the case if to the character of a collector one adds—or tries to add—the qualities of a person who wishes to know the soul and grace of God. The grace of God in our lives, the phases of our growth, the vagaries of our mind, all are represented in God’s reality. If you proceed to act upon your theory it will be reversed by nothing that later turns up as your action’s fruit; it will harmonize so well with the entire drift of experience that the latter will, as it were adopt it, or at most give it an ampler interpretation, without obliging you in any way to change the essence of its formation. If this can be objectively moral Universe, all acts that I make on that assumption, all expectations that I ground on it, will tend more and more completely to interdigitate with the phenomena already existing. A soul should be like a pair of open arms. You and your acts and the nature of things will be alike enveloped in a single formula, a universal vanitas vanitatum. But nature has put into our hands two keys, by which we may test the lock. #RandolphHarris 17 of 19

If we try the unmoral key and it fits, it is an unmoral lock. I cannot possibly conceive of any other sort of evidence or proof than this. It is quite truth that the co-operation of generations is needed to educe it. However, in these matters the solidarity (so called) of the human race is a patent fact. The essential thing to notice is that our active preference is a legitimate part of the game—that it is our plain business as people to try one of the keys, and the one in which we mist confide. If then the proof exist not till I have acted, and I must needs in acting run the risk of being wrong, how can the popular science professors be right in objurgating in me as infamous a credulity which the strict logic of the situation requires? If this really be a moral Universe; if by my acts I be a factor of its destinies; if to believe where I may doubt be itself a moral act analogous to voting for a side not yet sure to win—by what right shall they close in upon me and steadily negate the deepest conceievable function of my being by their preposterous command that I shall stir neither hand nor foot, but remain balancing myself in eternal and insoluble doubt? Why, doubt itself is a decision of the widest practical reach, if only because we may miss by doubting what goods we might be gaining by espousing the winning side. #RandolphHarris 18 of 19

It is never too late to be what you might have been. Skepticism in moral matters is an active ally of immorality. Who is not for is against. The Universe will have no neutrals in these questions. All one needs to be free and hearty again in the exercise of their birthright is that these fastidious vetoes should be swept away. All that the human heart wants is its chance. If only it can be allowed to feel that in them it has that same inalienable right to run risks, the heart will willingly forgo certainty in universal matters, which no one dreams of refusing to it in the pettiest practical affairs. We give Thee thanks, Holy Lord, Father Almighty, everlasting God, who hast been pleased to bring us though the night to the hours of morning; we pray Thee to grant us to pass this day without sin, so that at eventide we may again give thanks to Thee; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Look mercifully, O Lord, on the morning prayers of Ty suppliants, and enlighten with Thy healing goodness the secrets of our secrets of our heart; that no dark desires may have possession of those whom the light of Heavenly grace has renewed; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Send forth, O Lord, we pray Thee, Thy light into our hearts; that we may perceive the light of Thy commandments, and, walking in Thy way, may fall into no error; through Jesus Christ our Lord. #RandolphHarris 19 of 19