All around me, mortals seemed subdued. There was little talk. People were gathered up on the windy prow to pay homage to this moment. The breeze was silken and fragrant. The dark orange Sun, visible as a peeping eye on the horizon, suddenly sunk beyond sight. A glorious explosion of yellow light caught the underside of the great stacks of blowing clouds. A rosy light moved up and up into the limitless and shining Heavens, and through this glorious mist of color came the first twinkling glimmer of the stars. From the moment that one has embarked on this quest one has, in a subtle and internal sense, separated oneself from one’s family, one’s nation, and one’s race. A formal, rationally organized social structure involves clearly defined patterns of activity in which, ideally, every series of offices, of hierarchized statuses, in which inhere a number of obligations and privileges closely defined by limited and specific rules. Each of these offices contains an area of imputed competence and responsibility. Authority, the power of control which derives from an acknowledged status inheres in the office and not in the particular person who performs the official role. Official action ordinarily occurs within the framework of pre-existing rules of the organization. #RandolphHarris 1 of 14

The system of prescribed relations between the various offices involves a considerable degree of formality and clearly defined social distances between the occupants of these positions. Formality is manifested by means of a more or less complicated social ritual which symbolizes and supports the pecking order of the various offices. Such formality, which is integrated with the distribution of authority within the system, serves to minimize friction by largely restricting (official) contact to modes which are previously defined by the rules of the organization. Ready calculability of others’ behavior and a stable set of mutual expectations is thus built up. Moreover, formality facilitates the interaction of the occupants of offices despite their (possibly hostile) private attitudes toward one another. In this way, the subordinate is protected from the arbitrary action of one’s superior, since the actions of both are constrained by a mutually recognized set of rules. Specific procedural devices foster objectivity and restrain the quick passage of impulse into action. The ideal type of such formal organization is bureaucracy and, in many respects, the classical analysis of bureaucracy indicates bureaucracy involves a clear-cut division of integrated activities which are regarded as duties inherent in the office. A system of differentiated controls and sanctions is stated in the relations. #RandolphHarris 2 of 14

The assignment of roles occurs on the basis of technical qualifications which are ascertained through formalized, impersonal procedures (e.g., examinations). Within the structure of hierarchically arranged authority, the activities of trained and salaried experts are governed by general, abstract, and clearly defined rules which preclude the necessity for the issuance of the specific instructions for each specific case. The generality of the rules requires the constant use of categorization, whereby individual problems and cases are classified on the basis of designated criteria and are treated accordingly. The pure type of bureaucratic official is appointed, either by a superior or through the exercise of impersonal competition; one is not elected. A measure of flexibility in the bureaucracy is attained by electing higher functionaries who presumably express the will of the electorate (e.g., a body of citizens or a board of directors). The election of higher officials is designed to affect the purposes of the organization, but the technical procedures for attaining these ends are carried out by continuing bureaucratic personnel. Most bureaucratic offices involve the expectation of lifelong tenure, in the absence of disturbing factors which may decrease the size of the organization. #RandolphHarris 3 of 14

Bureaucracy maximizes vocational security. The function of security of tenure, pensions, incremental salaries and regularized procedures for promotion is to ensure the devoted performance of official duties, without regard for extraneous pressures. The chief merit of bureaucracy is its technical efficiency, with a premium placed on precision, speed, expert control, continuity, discretion, and optimal returns on input. The structure is one which approaches the complete elimination of personalized relationships and nonrational considerations (hostility, anxiety, affectual involvements, etc.). With increasing bureaucratization, it becomes plain to all who would see that beings are to a very important degree controlled by their social relations to the instruments of production. This can no longer seem only a tent of Marxism, but a stubborn fact to be acknowledged by all, quite apart from their ideological persuasion. Bureaucratization makes readily visible what was previously dim and obscure. More and more people discover that to work, they must be employed. For to work, one must have tools and equipment. And the tools and equipment are increasingly available only in bureaucracies, private or public. #RandolphHarris 4 of 14

Consequently, one must be employed by bureaucracies in order to have access to tools in order to work in order to live. It is in this sense that bureaucratization entails separation of individuals from the instruments of production, as in modern capitalistic enterprise or in state communistic enterprise (of the midcentury variety), just as in the post-feudal army, bureaucratization entailed complete separation from the instruments of destruction. Typically, the worker no longer owns one’s own tools, nor the soldier one’s weapons. And in this special sense, more and more people become workers, either blue collar or white collar or stiff shirt. So develops, for example, the new type of scientific worker, as the scientists is separated from one’s technical equipment—after all, the physicist does not ordinarily own ones cyclotron. To work at one’s research, one must be employed by a bureaucracy with laboratory resources. Bureaucracy is administration which almost completely avoids public discussion of its techniques, although there may occur public discussion of its policies. This secrecy is confined neither to public nor to private bureaucracies. It is held to be necessary to keep valuable information from private economic competitors or from foreign and potentially hostile political groups. #RandolphHarris 5 of 14

And though it is not often so called, espionage among competitors is perhaps as common, if not as intricately organized, in systems of private economic enterprise as in systems of national states. Cost figure, list clients, new technical processes, plans for production—all these are typically regarded as essential secrets of private economic bureaucracies which might be revealed if these bases of all decisions and policies had to be publicly defended. In these bold outlines, the beneficial attainments and functions of bureaucratic organization are emphasized and the internal stresses and strains of such structures are almost wholly neglected. The community at large, however, evidently emphasizes the imperfections of bureaucracy, as suggested by the fact that the horrid hybrid, bureaucrat, has become an epithet, a Schimpfwort. If one wishes to walk one’s desired path, one must be prepared to accept an appalling loneliness. However, the loneliness will be limited to this novitiate. For a new presence will slowly and quietly enter one’s inner life during its advanced stage. There is a point at which no aspirant can surrender one’s ideals under the compulsion of a materialistic society, can no longer come to terms with it. Such a point will be vividly indicted to one by one’s own conscience. It is then that, of one’s own free will, one must accept the cup of suffering. #RandolphHarris 6 of 14

One must not shirk the isolation of one’s inner position, must not resent the loneliness of one’s spiritual path. One must accept what is in the very nature of the thing one is attempting to do. He aloneness that one feels must be accepted. Only then, only when one understands and dwells calmly in it, will the great power of the Saint come forth and dwell with one in turn. It is mot pleasant for a mortal to feel oneself at one with the crowd, most uncomfortable to feel oneself at variance with it. Yet the seeker who has heard truth’s call, had no other choice than to accept this intellectual loneliness and emotional discomfort if one is not to find what, for one, is the worse fate of violating one’s spiritual integrity. The cure for loneliness is company; but if there is no affinity in the company, then it is only a quick cure. This prescription is true for everyone, even the sage, for one finds one’s company in the Overself’s self-presence. The attempt to follow a lone path may well make one wonder at times, whether or not one is making a mistake. It needs more than ordinary stubbornness to remain in a minority of one or two. One will certainly need at times, and gladly welcome, some reassurance from others. One must be willing to stand alone, although that may not prove to be necessary. #RandolphHarris 7 of 14

The quest seems to life a being out of the heard, to make one no longer average, to make one different from other beings around one. Its goals do not accord with the other beings around one. Its goals do not accord with the ordinary human desires and the common instincts. There is only one real loneliness and that is to feel cut off from the higher power. A way of finding release from anxiety is to narcotize it. This may be done consciously and literally by taking to alcohol or drugs. There are, however, many ways of being it without the connection being obvious. One of them is to plunge into social activities because of fear of being alone; it does not alter the situation whether this fear is recognized as such or appears only as a vague uneasiness. Another way of narcotizing anxiety is to drown it in work, a procedure to be recognized from the compulsive character of the work and from the uneasiness that appears on Sundays and holidays. The same end may be served by an inordinate need for sleep, although usually not much refreshment results from the sleep. Finally, pleasures of the flesh activities may serve as the safety-valve through which anxiety can be released. It has long been known that compulsive masturbation may be provoked by anxiety, but the same holds true for all sorts of relationships involving pleasures of the flesh. #RandolphHarris 8 of 14

If they have no chance for pleasures of the flesh, if even for a short time, persons for whom pleasures of the flesh activities serve predominantly as a means of allaying anxiety will become extremely restless and irritable. Love and power are traditionally cited as opposites of each other. The common argument goes as follows: the more power one shows, the less love; the more love, the less power. Love is seen as powerless and power as loveless. The more one develops one’s capacity for love, this less one is concerned about manipulation and other aspects of power. Power leads to domination and violence; love leads to equality and human well-being. This argument, which we have inherited from the Victorian period, is often, though not always, given as the foundation for the pacifist position. At times it is even cited as the basis for moral law. I believe that this argument is based on superficial reasoning and leads us into gross errors and endless trouble. Our failure comes from our seeing love as purely an emotion and our not seeing it as also ontological, a state of being. #RandolphHarris 9 of 14

In bringing up children, for example, the inherited argument is that the more a parent loves one’s child, the less one asserts oneself or in other ways shows power. This was part of the structureless permissiveness that characterized many of the parent-child relationships of the past several decades. I do not wish to condemn permissiveness as a whole. Much of it was a reaction against Victorian authoritarianism and resulted in sound freedom and an increase of responsibility for youngsters. However, this was chiefly in cases where the parent did not repress one’s power but let the child frankly see the structure by which one (the parent) lived. However, the parent, on the other hand, who tires to continue showing love on the assumption that love is the renunciation of power will be manipulated by the child. Often the parent, now pushed to the wall, will try harder and feel guiltier because of one’s resentful attitude toward the child; and ultimately, in this vicious circle, one may blow up in rage and possible violence. These structureless families, which operate supposedly on love without power, lead to the development of rootless children, who later in life rebuke their parents for having never said “no” to them. #RandolphHarris 10 of 14

This endeavor to love with the renunciation of power is a product of the tendency toward pseudoinnocence. It underestimates the difficulty of loving, overlooks the fact that love is always, no matter how profound and lasting, afflicted by its moments of dishonesty. Such love is based upon our unawareness of our complicity in the inescapable ambivalence of human life. That power and love are interrelated is proved most of all by the fact that one must have power within oneself to be able to love in the first place. Until one has the power to assert one’s own “no” to those who seek to exploit one sexually, one cannot build a gratifying relationship. Until one has developed one’s self-esteem through such experiences as death in the dentist chair can one not enter with any depth into a love relationship. A person must have something to give in order not to be completely taken over or absorbed as a nonentity. The fallacy of this juxtaposition of love and power comes from our seeing love purely as an emotion and power solely as a force of compulsion. We need to understand them both as ontological, as states of being processes. The glimpse, in anticipation and retrospect, as well as when it first happens, is abnormal and extraordinary. However, in the sage the divine presence is always available, and the awareness of it comes effortlessly, naturally, and easily to one. #RandolphHarris 11 of 14

When the mystery of it all is solved, not merely intellectually but in experience, not only in the person oneself but in transcending it, not only in the dept of meditation but in the World o activity; when this answer is richly felt as Presence and God, clearly known as Meaning and Mind, then, if one were to speak one would exclaim: “Thus It Is!” However, this is not the beginner’s glimpse: it is the sage’s settled insight. Too often beginner regard lofty emotions or extraordinary powers or ecstatic rapture as the measure of attainment, when the only genuine measure is awareness. As the human mind develops, it forms higher and higher conceptions of the deity until, finally, it is lifted above itself into a tremendous experience. It loses itself in the deity itself, and when it returns to normal living, it does not need to seek further. I do not refer here to the experience which several mystics have called the glimpse, but something which is of a once-and-for-all nature and which does not, in its essence, ever leave one. The glimpse, because it is situated between the mental conditions which exist before an afterwards, necessarily involve striking—even dramatic—contrast with their ordinariness. It seems to open on the ultimate light bathed height of human existence. However, this experience necessarily provokes a human reaction to it, which is incorporated into the glimpse itself, become part of it. #RandolphHarris 12 of 14

Ince it is clam, balances, and informed, the permanent and truly ultimate enlightenment is pure, free from any admixture of reaction. The Glimpse, even at its fullest extent is only intermittent. If it becomes continuous, an established fact during the working and resting states, both, only then is it completed. The awareness of Truth is constant and perennial. It cannot be merely glimpsed; one must be born into it, Jesus’ words, again and again, and perceive it permanently. One must be identified with it. Quite a number of people have experienced a Glimpse like an eruption that begins and soon ends, but few are the beings who have experiences a settled enlightenment of their being like a plateau that continues at a great height for a great distance. The realization of truth is one thing; the inspiration to seek truth is another. The first is being, the second is experience. The first abides for life; the second is only a glimpse, hence passes and returns intermittently. It is best to know thyself for life without enquiry is not worth living. If beings set their sights on the precious things in life, one will achieve both knowledge and compassion—or what is referred to as soul. Be persuaded, both young and old, not to care for your bodies or your monies first, and to care more exceedingly for the soul, to make it as good as possible. #RandolphHarris 13 of 14

Whoso takes this survey of oneself will be terrified at the thought that one is upheld between these two abysses of the infinite and nothing, one will tremble at the sight of these marvels. For after all what are beings in nature? A nothing in regard to the infinite, a whole in regard to nothing, a mean between nothing in regard to the infinite, a whole in regard to nothing, a mean between nothing and the whole; infinitely removed from understanding either extreme. What shall one do then, but discern somewhat the middle of things in an eternal despair of knowing either their beginning or their end? Let us then know our limits; we are something, but we are not all. Compensatory theory of creativity states that human beings produce art, science, and other aspects of culture to compensate for their own inadequacies. The oyster producing the pearl to cover up the grain of sand intruding into its shell is often cited as a simple illustration. Beethoven’s deafness is one of the many famous examples of how highly creative individuals compensate for some defect or organ inferiority by their creative acts. Civilization was created by beings to compensate for their relatively weak position on this unfriendly crust of Earth as well as for their inadequacy of tooth and claw in the animal World. #RandolphHarris 14 of 14