I think on the contrary that I am now responsible for the supreme human obligation: to investigate the highest use of my powers. All ideas to make work interesting and meaningful again are really romantic dreams—the dreams of home ownership, buying your dream car, saving money, having a family, buying new clothes and book, the latest electronics and food you like are just a few of the many things that motivate people to work.  In contrast, daydreaming is a symptom of lacking relatedness to reality. People daydream because they are not yet able to achieve their goals and want a distraction, an idea of what like will be like sometime in the future, or what life could have been like, only if they had made different decisions. Daydreaming is not refreshing or relaxing—it is essentially an escape with all the negative result that go with escape. On the other hand, laziness, far from being normal, is a symptom of mental pathology. In fact, one of the worst forms of mental suffering is boredom, not knowing what to do with oneself and one’s life. Even if mortals have no monetary, or any other reward, one would be eager to spend one’s energy in some meaningful way because one could not stand the boredom which inactivity produces. Let us look at children: they are never lazy; given the slightest encouragement, or even without it, they are busy playing, asking questions, inventing stories, without any incentive expect the pleasure in the activity itself. #RandolphHarris 1 of 18

In the field of psychopathology we find that the person who has no interest in doing anything is seriously sick and is far from exhibiting the normal state of human nature. There is plenty of material about workers during periods of unemployment, who suffer as much, or more, from the enforced rest, as from material deprivations. There is just as much material to show that for many people over the sixty-five the necessity to stop working leads to profound unhappiness, and in many instances to physical deterioration and illness. Nevertheless, pain is important to our survival. It is a signal that we are being hurt and that we should do something to protect ourselves. Research indicates that there may be specific free nerve endings all over the body that convey the message of pain to the brain. If any of these receptors are stimulated to at least a certain degree of intensity, we feel pain. Some people are able to stand much more pain than others. They have a high pain threshold. More stimulation is needed to cause them pain. Some people can raise their pain threshold through hypnosis, medication, or some other training. Pain is also thought to be a great motivator because it pushes people to find an escape, to get more creative about their work, to finally produce something that will make them a success so they can escape the pain. #RandolphHarris 2 of 18

 Some people would rather experience pain than boredom, as boredom could lead to dangerous and destructive behaviors. Nevertheless, there are good reasons for the widespread belief in mortal’s innate laziness. The main reason lies in the fact that alienated work is boring and unsatisfactory; that a great deal of tension and hostility is engendered, which leads to an aversion against the work one is doing and everything connected with it. As a result, we find a longing for laziness and for doing noting to be the ideal of many people. Thus, people feel that their laziness is the natural state of mind, rather than the symptom of a pathological condition of life, the result of meaningless and alienated work. Examining the current views on work motivation, it becomes evident that they are based on the concept of alienated work and hence that their conclusions do not apply to nonalienated, attractive work. Yet, not all nonalienated attractive work pays well, and still renders pain, but people keep going because they believe that one day their hard work will somehow pay off. Everyone has a story to tell and is just looking for the right person to tell it to. #RandolphHarris 3 of 18

However, not everyone is looking to get famous off of their story and share it with the World. Some people just want to share their story with the right party, who can take the appropriate actions. When we are not able to express what we are going through and immediately take action, do not get frustrated and keep your faith in God. Know that God sees everything, and he loves you. God did not bring you this far to let you fall in despair. The conventional and most common theory is that money is the main incentive for work. This answer can have two different meanings: first, that the fear of starvation is the main incentive for work; in this case the argument is undoubtedly true. Many types of work would never be accepted on the basis of wages or other work conditions were the worker not confronted with the alternative of accepting these conditions or of starvation. The unpleasant, undesirable work in our society is done not voluntarily, but because the need to make a living forces so many people to do it. More often the concept of money incentive refers to the wish to earn more money as the motivation to greater effort in working. If mortals were not lured by the hope of greater monetary reward, this argument says, one would not work at all, or at least, would work without interest. #RandolphHarris 4 of 18

This conviction still exists among the majority of industrialists, as well as among many union leaders. Thus, for instance, fifty manufacturing executives replied to the question as to what is of importance in increasing worker’s productivity: 44 percent responded that money alone is the answers, 28 percent declared money is by far the chief thing but some importance is to be attached to less tangible things, and another 28 percent said that money is important but beyond a certain point it will not produce results. Actually, employers throughout the World are in favor of wage-incentive plans as the only means which lead to higher productivity of the individual worker, to higher earnings for the workers and employers and thus, indirectly, to reduced absenteeism, easier supervision, and so on. Reports and surveys from industry and government bureaus generally attest to the effectiveness of wage-incentive plans in increasing productivity and achieving other objectives. It seems that workers also believe that incentive pay gets the most output per mortal. In fact, 65 percent of employees said that incentive pay makes for higher production. However, as to the question of which method of pay they prefer, 65 percent said that incentive pay increases output and 29 percent stated that incentive pay. (The ratio pf preference for hourly pay was 74 to 20 in the case of hourly workers, but even in the case of workers already on incentive pay, 59 percent were in favor of hourly pat as against 36 percent in favor of incentive pay.) #RandolphHarris 5 of 18

 The latter findings show that as useful as incentive pay is in raising output, it does not in itself solve the problem of obtaining workers’ cooperation. In some circumstances it may intensify that problem. This opinion is shared increasingly by industrial psychologists and even some industrialists. However, the discussion about money incentives would be incomplete if we did not consider the fact that the same wish for more money is constantly fostered by the same industry which relies on money as the main incentive for work. By advertising, installment plan systems, and many other devices, the individual’s greed to buy more and newer things is stimulated to the point that one can rarely have enough money to satisfy these needs. Thus, being artificially stimulated by industry, the monetary incentive plays a greater role than it otherwise would. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the monetary incentive must play a paramount role as long as it is the only incentive because the work process itself is unsatisfactory and boring. There are many examples of cases in which people choose work with less monetary reward if the work itself is more interesting. Aside from money, prestige, status and the power that goes with it are assumed to be the main incentives for work. There is no need to prove that the craving for prestige and power constitutes the most powerful incentive for work today among the middle and upper classes; in fact, the importance of money is largely that of representing prestige, at least as much as security and comfort. #RandolphHarris 6 of 18

However, while economic independence and skill were important satisfactions for the independent businessperson, artisan, and highly skilled worker, these motivations are now rapidly decreasing. Discoveries are starting great waves of change in human culture, and in such a manner that these discoveries may deepen not erode the sense of universal human community. The differences in the disciplines, their epistemological exclusiveness, the variety of historical experiences, the differences of traditions, of cultures, of languages, of the arts, should be protected and preserved. However, the interrelationship and unity of the whole should at the same time be accepted. The ultimate awareness to the hopes and fears which pervade modern society rest on the moral fibre of mortals, and on the wisdom and responsibility of those who promote the course of its development. However, moral decisions cannot dispense with an insight into the interplay of the objective elements which offer and limit the choices made. Therefore, an understanding of what the issues are, though not a sufficient condition, is necessary prerequisite for directing action toward constructive solutions. Other vital questions explored relate to problems of international understanding as well as to problems dealing with prejudice and the resultant tensions and antagonisms. #RandolphHarris 7 of 18

The growing perception and responsibility of our World Age point to the new reality that the individual person and the collective person supplement and integrate each other; that the thrall of totalitarianism of bot left and right has been shaken in the universal desire to recapture the authority of truth and human totality. Humankind can finally place its trust not in a proletarian authoritarianism, not in a secularized humanism, both of which have betrayed the spiritual property right of history, but in a sacramental fellowship and unity of knowledge. This new consciousness has created a widening of human horizons beyond every parochialism, and a revolution in human thought comparable to the basic assumption, among the ancient Greek, of the sovereignty of reason; corresponding to the great effulgence of the moral conscience articulated by the Hebrew prophets; analogous to the fundamental assertions of Christianity; or to the beginning of the new scientific era, the era of the science of dynamics, the experimental foundations of which were laid by Galileo in the Renaissance. An important effort to re-examine the contradictory meanings and applications which are given today to such terms as democracy, freedom, justice, love, peace, fellowship and God. The purpose of such inquires is to clear the way for the foundation of a genuine World history not in terms of nation or race or culture but in terms of mortals in relation to God, to oneself, one’s fellow humans and the Universe, that reach beyond immediate self-interest. #RandolphHarris 8 of 18

For the meaning of the World Age consists in respecting one’s hopes and dreams which lead to a deeper understanding of the basic values of all peoples. World Perspectives is planned to gain insight into the meaning of mortals, who not only are determined by history but who also determines history. History is to be understood as concerned not only with the life of mortals on this planet but as including also such cosmic influences as interpenetrate our human World. This generation is discovering that history does not conform to the social optimism of modern civilization and that the organization of human communities and the establishment of freedom and peace are not only intellectual achievements but spiritual and moral achievements as well, demanding a cherishing of the wholeness of feeling and thought, and constituting a never-ending challenge to mortals, emerging from the abyss of meaninglessness and suffering, to be renewed and replenished in the totality of one’s life. Justice itself, which has been in a state of pilgrimage and crucifixion and now is being slowly liberated from the grip of social and political demonologies in the East as well as in the West, begins to question its own premises. #RandolphHarris 9 of 18

The modern revolutionary movements which have challenged the sacred institutions of society by protecting injustice in the name of social justice are here examined and re-revaluated. In the light of this, we have no choice but to admit that the unfreedom against which freedom is measured must be retained with it, namely, that the aspect of truth out of which the night view appears to emerge, the darkness of our time, is as little abandonable as is mortal’s subjective advance. Thus the two sources of mortal’s consciousness are inseparable, not as dead but as living and complementary, an aspect of that principle of complementarity through which Niels Bohr has sought to unite the quantum and the wave, both of which constitute the very fabric of life’s radiant energy. There is in humankind today a counter force to the sterility and danger of a quantitative, anonymous mass culture; a new, if sometimes imperceptible, spiritual sense of convergence toward human and World unity on the basis of the sacredness of each human person and respect for the plurality of cultures. There is a growing awareness that equality may not be evaluated in mere numerical terms but is proportionate and analogical in its reality. For when equality is equated with interchangeability, individuality is negated and the human person transmuted into a faceless mask. #RandolphHarris 10 of 18

We stand at the brink of an age of a World in which human life presses forward to actualize new forms. The false separation of mortals and nature, of time and pace, of freedom and security, is acknowledged, and we are faced with a new vision of mortals in one’s organic unity and of history offering a richness and diversity of equality and majesty of scope  hitherto unprecedented. In relating the accumulated wisdom of mortal’s spirit to the new reality of the World age, in articulating its thought and belief, we seek to encourage a renaissance of hope in society and of pride in mortal’s decision as to what one’s destiny will be. Mortals have certainly contrived to change the environment, but subject to the new process involved in this change, the same process of selection continues to operate. The environment has changed partly in a physical and geographical sense, but more particularly from the knowledge owe now possess. The Biblical story of Adam and Eve contains a deep lesson, which a casual reading hardly reveals. Once the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge has been eaten, the World is changed. #RandolphHarris 11 of 18

The new World is dictated by the knowledge itself, not of course by an edict of God. The Biblical story has further interest in that the new World is said to be much worse than the former idyllic state of ignorance. Today we are beginning to wonder whether this might also be true. Yet we are uneasy, apprehensive, and our fears lead to the collapse of civilizations. Thus we turn to the truth that knowledge and life are indivisible, even as life and death are inseparable. We are what we know and think and feel; we are linked with history, with World, with the Universe, and faith in Life creates its own verification. All this is sharply expressed in the relation of faith and doubt. If faith is understood as belief that something is true, doubt is incompatible with the act of faith. If faith is understood as being ultimately concerned, doubt is a necessary element in it. It is a consequence of the risk of faith. The doubt which is implicit in faith is not a doubt about facts or conclusions. It is not the same doubt which is the lifeblood of scientific research. Even the most orthodox theologian does not deny the right of methodological doubt in matters of empirical inquiry or logical deduction. A scientist who would say that a scientific theory is beyond doubt would at that moment cease to be scientific. #RandolphHarris 12 of 18

One may believe that the theory can be trusted for all practical purposes. Without such a belief no technical application of a theory would be possible. One could attribute to this kind of belief pragmatic certainty sufficient for action. Doubt in this case point to the preliminary character of the underlying theory. It is the very badness of the act that gives it then its vertiginous fascination. Remove the prohibition, and the attraction stops. How shall we define anxiety, and how is it related to fear?In my university days a student threw himself from an upper entry window of one of the college buildings and was nearly killed. Another student, a friend of mine, has to pass the window daily in coming and going from his room, and experienced a dreadful temptation to imitate the deed. Being a Catholic, he told hid director, who said, “All right! if you must, you must,” and added, “go ahead and do it,” thereby instantly quenching his desires. This director knew how to minister to a mind diseased. (However, this example is not recommended, the results could dangerous.) In one patient attacks of acute loneliness, developing into panic were not infrequent. He could not orient himself in the panics, could not hang on to his sense of time, became, as long as the bout of loneliness lasted, numb in his reactions to the World. #RandolphHarris 13 of 18

The ghostlike character of his loneliness was shown in the fact that it could vanish instantaneously with a ring on the phone or his hearing the step of someone coming down the hall. He tired desperately to fight off these attacks—as we all do, which is not surprising since acute loneliness seems to be the most painful kind of anxiety which a human being can suffer. Patients often tell us that the pain is a physical gnawing in their chests, or feels like the cutting of a razor in their heart region, as well as a mental state of feeling like an infant abandoned in a World where nobody exists. This patient would try, when the loneliness began, to wrench his mind away to thoughts about something else, to get busy doing work or go out to a movie—but no matter what escape he tried, there remained the haunting, satanic menace hovering being him like a hated presence waiting to plunge a rapier into his lungs. If here were working, he could practically hear the Mephistophelean laugh behind him mocking him with the reminder that his stratagem would not succeed; sooner or later he would have to stop, more fatigued than ever—and immediately would come the rapier. #RandolphHarris 14 of 18

Or, if he were in the movies, the awareness could not be suppressed every time the scene changed that his gnawing ache would come back again as soon as he stepped out on the street. However, one day, he came in reporting that he had made a surprising discovery. When an acute attack of loneliness was beginning, it occurred to him not to try to fight it off—running had never helped anyway. Why not accept it, breathe with it, turn toward it and not away? Amazingly, the loneliness did not overwhelm him when he confronted it directly. Then it seemed even to diminish. Emboldened, he began to invite it by imagining situations in the past when he was acutely lonely, the memories of which had, up to now, always been sure to cue off the panic. However strangely enough, the loneliness had lost its power. He could not feel the panic even when he tried. The more he turned on it and welcomed it, the more impossible it was even to imagine how he had ever been lonely in that unbearably painful way before. The patient had discovered—and was teaching me that day—that he felt the acute loneliness only as he ran; when he turned on the devil, it vanished, to use metaphorical language. However, it is not metaphorical to state that the very running is a response which assures the soul uses it power. It is surely true that the anxiety (or loneliness) has the upper hand as long as we continue to run. #RandolphHarris 15 of 18

In fear we know what threatens us, we are energized by the situation, our perceptions are sharper, and we take steps to run or in the other appropriate ways to overcome the danger. In anxiety, however, we are threatened without knowing what steps to take to meet the danger. Anxiety is the feeling of being caught, overwhelmed; and instead of becoming sharper, our perceptions generally become blurred or vague. Anxiety may occur in slight or great intensity. It may be a mild tension before meeting some important person; or it may be apprehension before an examination when one’s future is at stake and one is uncertain whether one is prepared to pass the exam. Or it may be the stark terror, when beads of sweat appear on one’s forehead, in waiting to hear whether a loved one is lost in a plane wreck, or whether one’s child is drowned or gets back safely after the storm on the lake. People experience anxiety in al sorts of ways: a gnawing within, a construction of the chest, a general bewilderment; of they may describe it as feeling as though all the World around were dark gray or black, or as though a heavy weight were upon them, or a feeling like the terror which a small child experiences when he realizes he is lost. Anxiety (loneliness or abandonment anxiety being its most painful form) overcomes the person to the extent tat one loses orientation in the objective World. #RandolphHarris 16 of 18

To lose the World is to lose one’s self, and vice versa; self and World are correlates. The function of anxiety is to destroy the self-World relationship, for instance, to disorient the victim in space and time and, so long as this disorientation lasts, the person remains in a state of anxiety. Anxiety overwhelms the person precisely because of the preservation of this disorientation. Now if the person can reorient oneself, as happens, one hopes in psychotherapy—and again relate oneself to the World directly, experientially, with one’s senses alive, one overcomes the anxiety. It is often helpful for a person to see oneself struggling against an adversary. For then, instead of waiting forever for the therapy to analyze away the anxiety, one can help in one’s own treatment by taking practical steps when one experiences anxiety such as stopping and asking just what it was that occurred in reality or in one’s fantasies that preceded the disorientation which cued off the anxiety. One is not only opening the doors of one’s closet where the ghosts hide, but one often can also then take steps to reorient oneself in one’s practical life by making new human relationships and finding new work which interests the individual. #RandolphHarris 17 of 18

Still looking at my patient who had been obsessed with loneliness, let us ask: What was the constructive side of this soul which presumably had gone awry? Being a sensitive, gifted person, he had achieved notable success in practically all realms of human experience except personal intimacy. His gifts included a capacity for interpersonal empathy and a good deal of tenderness—most of which had been absorbed in his self-preoccupation. He had failed to use his capacities for relationship; he had been unable to open himself up to others, to reach out to them, to share feelings and other aspects of personal experience, to identify with and affirm them in the ways necessary to build durable relationship. In short, what he had lacked, and now needed, was the exercise of his capacities to love in an active, outgoing concern for the other’s welfare, for the sharing of pleasure and delight as an “I” with “Thou,” for a communion of consciousness with his fellows. The soul, in the constructive scene in this case and put in the simplest terms, was his potentiality for active loving. Nature, is after all, but one manifestation of spiritual reality, which reveals itself more directly in thought and art. In future stages of evolution, spirit, without loss of self-consciousness, must ascend again through knowledge of its cosmic relations to its universality and transcendence over matter. #RandolphHarris 18 of 18