We are liable to be imposed upon, and to confer our choicest favors, often on the undeserving. Culture is one of the most influential contexts in which any behavior is judged. In some cultures it is considered normal to defecate or urinate in public, or to appear naked in public. Conversely, in other cultures it is unacceptable to go to nightclubs, or have guest after certain hours, if ever. Thus, cultural relativity (the idea that judgments are made relative to the values of one’s agents of socialization) can affect the diagnosis of mental disorders. Nonetheless, all cultures classify individuals as abnormal if they fail to communicate with others or are consistently unpredictable in their actions. If things can be done better, in three hours, instead of one, there is no reason three hours should not be spent.

Our first impressions are almost always received through the sense. If you would ever have your children to walk honorably through the World, you must not attempt to clear the stones from his path, but teach your offspring to walk firmly over them—not insist upon leading your children by the hand, but let them learn to go alone. Focus on the objective, not the obstacle. It is clear that all of the standards we have discussed are relative. However, abnormal behavior does have a core feature: Almost always, it is maladaptive (behavior that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment and meet the demands of day-to-day life. Rather than helping a person to cope successfully, abnormal behavior makes it nearly impossible for a person to function or enjoy life.

In practice, the judgment that a person needs help usually occurs when the individual does something (hits a person, hallucinates, stares into space, targets an individual and harasses them for no reason, and so forth) that annoys or gains the attention of someone in a position of power in the distressed person’s life (an employers, teacher, parent, spouse, or the person himself or herself). That person then does something about it. (Police Officers may be called, the person may be urged to see a psychologist, a relative may start commitment proceedings, or the affected individual may universally choose to seek help and get his or her mind program back on the right track.) The individual who checks the inclination which he or she feels in his or her heart to do a humane action, from a fear of being imposed on, but little deserves to have opportunities of doing good thrown in his way.

Time and ignorance, the two great supporters of imposture, but every generation has its improvements. Warning: Before we proceed, a caution is in order. The items in this report are to foster communication about human issues. *However, if used carelessly, this information may do harm. Everyone has felt or acted crazy, during brief periods of stress or high emotions. Individuals whose adjustment problems extend over longer time periods may differ from you or me, only in the severity of their difficulties. It is therefore far more advantageous to label problems than to label the person. Think of the difference between saying, “He is experiencing a serious emotional disorder behind his bank account, medical records and private information being hacked and stolen, by a group of people,” and saying, “He is a psychotic.”

An educated individual must be able to recognize and deal effectively with problems of information overload and underload, and confirmation bias, false dichotomies, collective inferential error, and groupthink. When you make a statement that is called a claim, which is asserted and remains to be proven. The date or the ground (support/evidence) for the claim needs to be statistical evidence; expert, authoritative testimony; documents; objects; exhibits; conclusions from test results; verifiable facts; and conclusions previously established constitute data. For your claim to be taken seriously it has to be warranted—the reasoning used to link the data to the claim; for example, Claim: Infants can think conceptually. Date: My friend, Dr. Jenifer Ashton, she says this is a fact. Warrant: Dr. Ashton is an OGBYN and medical contributor for CBS and ABC, and she is a highly acclaimed expert on this subject and has even had her own medical show.

Without the vice of hypocrisy, all the other vices are of no use.  Psychological problems can be grouped into broad categories, however, there is really no such thing as crazy. Crazy is simply an ambiguous term, which could be good or bad, depending on the context. For example, when someone says something really funny, one may respond by saying you are so crazy (funny)!  However, I would be careful about judging others, as that is a sin. Do not judge or you will be judged, too, reports Matthew 7.1.

Nonetheless, a mental disorder is not a laughing matter; it is a significant impairment in psychological functioning. A psychotic disorder is characterized by hallucinations and delusions, social withdrawal, and a retreat from reality. Psychosis, which tends to be severely disabling, may lead to hospitalization. At times, psychotic persons cannot separate their hallucinations from reality. So would you really want to out someone for having a mental disorder and tease them and make life hard on them? If you do, what does that say about you as a person? The falsest people will yet bear outward shows of a pure mind.

There are many things we might throw away if we were not afraid that others might pick them up. Insanity is a legal term that refers to an inability to manage one’s affairs or foresee the consequences of one’s actions. However, the purpose of psychology is to help you better understand yourself and have key terms you can use when you are trying to communicate with your doctor. It is really all about self, not playing doctor because you learn some dime store psychology from Law and Order. Remember, none of you are even credible at evaluating another individual, as you are not a doctor or an expert witness (a person recognized by the court of law as being qualified to give expert testimony on a specific topic), and you may have a motive you trying to massacre someone’s character.

Our phobias are our manias. Imagine it is the 1840s, and you are in the Confederate Southern United States, as a slave. You have tried repeatedly to escape a cruel and abusive master. An expert is consulted about your crazy behavior, and he concludes that you are suffering from drapetomania, a mental disorder that causes slaves to run away. As this illustration depicts, psychiatric terms are easily abused. Historically, some have been applied to culturally disproved behaviors that are not really disorders. For example, drapetomania, childhood masturbation, homosexuality, and lack of vaginal orgasm, in women, were all considered mental disorders because people were labeled by a biased source, when there was nothing wrong with them. A biased source is a special interest group or individuals who stand to gain money, prestige, power, or influence by simply taking a certain position on an issue or crusaders for a cause all biased even though they may have expertise.

Stressful environments—everyone has his or her own list of complaints about large cities. Traffic congestion, pollution, crime, and impersonality are urban problems that immediately come to minds. These issues are created by overcrowding, attentional overload, and residential crowding. Anyone who has lived in a high-rise building knows that at times, it can be quite a zoo. Most architects aim to create buildings in which people will be comfortable, happy, and healthy. However, sometimes they miss the mark with human behavior. When people feel crowded and stressed, they tend to withdraw from others and even make more trips to mental health centers, for anxiety related disorders, than individuals living in a less-crowded building.

Research indicates that small architectural changes to any institution can greatly reduce stress in high-density living conditions. An institution is simply an organized establishment, foundation, society, or buildings dedicated to their work. School is in institution, church, you home, business or apartment. So that residence in high-rise buildings do not feel like they are incarcerated, caring owners and managers and engineers typically divided the room in half with an unlocked door, and created three lounge areas.

They also select colors that are known to be Earthy and vibrant so people feel relaxed and at peace, happy. At the end of the experiment, inhabitants of the high-rise felt cared for, accepted, loved and less stressed. They also formed more friendships and were more open to social contacts.  Similar improvements have been made by altering the interior design of businesses, schools, apartment buildings, mental hospitals, and financial institutions.  In general, the more spaces people must pass through to get from one part of a building to another, the less stressed and crowed they feel. Liveliness is a pleasant thing.